2022年考博英语-山东大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第61期

2022年考博英语-山东大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题As a person who combines care with _, Marisa completed her duties with _ as well as zeal.问题1选项A.levity resignationB.enthusiasm meticulousnessC.vitality willingnessD.empathy rigor【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。levity “多变，轻浮”；resignation “辞职，放弃”；enthusiasm “热情，积极性”；meticulousness “谨小慎微”；vitality “活力，生气”；willingness “意愿，乐意”；empathy “同感，共鸣”；rigor “严厉，精确”。句意：作为一个既谨慎又积极的人，玛丽莎细致而又热情地完成了她的职责。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题We maintain a reflexive, （ ） affection for Uncle Ralph, the boring fellow with interminable stories of a time we never knew.问题1选项A.hatefulB.distancedC.lovingD.glaring【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。hateful “可恨的”；distanced “距离远的”；loving “忠诚的”；glaring “耀眼的，瞪视的”。句意：我们对Ralph叔叔有一种反射式的疏远式的喜爱，这个无聊的家伙一次性没完没了地讲了很多我们不知道的故事。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题Stores and supermarkets have been（ ）with each other to attract customers.问题1选项A.strivingB.vyingC.conqueringD.sprouting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。striving “奋斗，力争”；vying “使针锋相对”； conquering “战胜，征服”；sprouting “使发芽；使萌芽”。句意：商店和超市针锋相对，都想要吸引顾客。选项B符合题意。4. 写作题As the society develops, interpersonal relationships are getting more and more indifferent. Please make comment on the phenomena.【答案】It seems very ridiculous that people living so near dont know each other for such a long time. However, the condition is performed everywhere. It is the exact reflection of interpersonal relationships in the modem world where most people live in apartments. They close their doors and never go out as soon as they get home from work. If they live alone, they will kill their time by watching TV or reading magazines. They don t have any connections even with their closest neighbors，who seem no different from people they meet every day in the street.This phenomenon is neither good to us, nor to our society. People will feel lonely and become more and more indifferent so that interpersonal relationships are not harmonious. Interpersonal communication is very important to us. Firstly, it is essential for our physical well-being. Lack of communication shows a wide range of medical hazards. Socially isolated people are found to be two or three times more likely to suffer from poor health than those with strong social ties. Steady interpersonal communication contributes to the longevity of our lives. Secondly, interpersonal communication enables us to have a sense of our identity. Deprived of communication with others, we can hardly have a clear idea of identity. Our sense of identity comes from the way we interact with other people. We decide what we are like based on how others react to us. In our life we need to feel a sense of belonging to some personal relationship. We need to influence others and feel some sense of power over our world, and to care for others and know that they care for us, thus to have a sense of affection and friendship. Lastly, interpersonal communication is the means of important information in every respect, which makes us well informed and helps us to grow.To sum up, interpersonal communication is just as necessary as water and air to us in our work and life. We should pay great attention to the amount of interpersonal communication as well as to the ways of doing it. Proper and skillful interpersonal communication will satisfy our physical needs, psychological needs, social needs and practical needs.5. 单选题The UN official said aid programs will be _ until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.问题1选项A.multipliedB.arrestedC.spannedD.suspended【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。multiple “增加”；arrest “逮捕”；span “跨越”；suspend “推迟，延缓”。句意：这位联合国官员说救援项目将会被推迟，直到对救援人员有足够的保护为止。选项D符合题意。6. 翻译题This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.【答案】这种情况将是确定无疑的，能源匮乏将使高能量消耗这种美国生产方式将很难在农业继续下去，而这种耕种方式使少量农民联合起来获得高产量成为可能。7. 单选题Scientists are searching for the oldest tree _ because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.问题1选项A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live【答案】B【解析】同根词词义辨析。lively “活泼的，充满生气的”；alive “活着的”；living “现存的”；live “生动的”。句意：科学家正在寻找活着的古老的树，因为可以教他们许多有关于气候变化的问题。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题If the heavy rain had（ ）an extreme high tide，serious flooding would have resulted.问题1选项A.happened toB.occurred toC.coincided withD.turned out【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。happened to “碰巧”；occurred to “想起”；coincided with “与相一致”；turned out “结果是”。句意：如果大鱼正好逢上极端高潮，可能会导致严重的洪水。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird _ a set of actions to protect its offspring.问题1选项A.hastensB.releasesC.devisesD.initiates【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。hastens “催促，加速”；releases “释放，发表”；devises “发明，图谋”；initiates “发动，发起”。句意：如果猫越来越靠近嘲鸫的巢，它将会发动一系列行动去保护它的后代。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy _ at any price.问题1选项A.orderB.emancipationC.hopeD.liberty【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。order “命令，顺序”；emancipation “解放，释放”；hope “希望”；liberty “自由”。句意：被二十年实质无政府状态所动摇，大多数人们将不惜一切代价购买规则。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be _ to tourist spending?问题1选项A.attributedB.appliedC.contributedD.attached【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。attributed to “归因于”；applied to “应用于”；contributed to “有助于”；attached to “附属于”。句意：在度假胜地或附近，商店销售额中有多大的比例可以归因于旅游消费？选项A符合题意。12. 单选题What makes basketball the most （ ）of sports is how these styles do not necessarily clash.问题1选项A.aspiringB.intriguingC.conspiringD.famous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。aspiring “有抱负的”；intriguing “有趣的”；conspiring “协力的”；famous “著名的”。句意：篮球成为最有趣的运动的原因是这些风格不会冲突。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a（ ）in the economy or a recession.问题1选项A.concessionB.boomC.transmissionD.submission【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。concession “特权”，boom “繁荣”；transmission “传输”；submission “屈服”。句意：很难判断我们将来的经济将会呈现繁荣的景象还是衰退的面貌。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题（ ）a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30 a. m.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BarringC.Apart fromD.On account of【答案】B【解析】介词词义解析。except “除了”；barring “倘若”；apart from “除以外”；on account of “由于”。题中a delay是一个名词，所以需填入介词。句意：倘若没有延误的话，或者应该会在上午六点半到达上海。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题（ ）what has been said，it is unlike that population growth will be halted，either in the developed or in the undeveloped world.问题1选项A.In view ofB.On behalf ofC.For the sake ofD.With the exception of【答案】A【解析】介词词组解析。in view of “ 鉴于，考虑到”；on behalf of “ 代表，为了”；for the sake of “由于，因为”；with the exception of “除了以外”。句意：考虑到他所说的，无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，人口增长似乎不会停止。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。at large “整个地”；at intervals “不时”；at ease “不紧张”；at random“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。17. 翻译题Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the points where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.【答案】直到人类意识到把人口减到一半，直到能使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物，否则人们将必须接受更多的“人造食品”。18. 单选题Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this _ produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction【答案】A【解析】形近异义词辨析。absorption “吸收”；transition“传送，过渡，传递”；consumption “消费，消耗”；interaction “相互作用”。句意：从固体变成液体，水要吸收周围所有物体的热量，这种吸收会导致周围环境变冷。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national park system alone, keeping up with needed repairs is_（ ）_.问题1选项A.overwhelmingB.appallingC.dominantD.appealing【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。overwhelming “势不可挡的”；appalling “令人震惊的”；dominant “主导的”；appealing “吸引力的”。句意：仅国家公园系统就拥有价值300亿到500亿美元的设施和9000英里的道路，维修花费是令人吃惊的。选项B符合题意。20. 单选题If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot（ ）his office.问题1选项A.obtainB.secureC.haveD.retain【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。obtain “获得”；secure “保护”；have “拥有”；retain “保留”。句意：如果下个月没有做一些实质性的工作，他将保不住他的职位。选项D符合题意。