2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷50

2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题When next years crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of 2009, theyll be joined by a new face: Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of Yale, wholl become Oxfords vice-chancellora position equal to university president in America.Hamilton isnt the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore, etc. have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, its gone global. Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel (人员) tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.The chief reason is that American schools dont tend to seriously consider looking abroad. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the universitys budget. “We didnt do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the boards chair. The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers. The decline in government support has made fund-raising an increasingly necessary ability among administrators (管理人员), and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.In the past few years, well-known schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yales financial position”.Of course, fund-raising isnt the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective (视角) on established practices.1. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?2. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?3. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?4. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _.5. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?问题1选项A.Institution worldwide are hiring administrators from the US.B.A lot of activists are being hired as administrators.C.American universities are enrolling more international students.D.University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.问题2选项A.The political correctness.B.Their ability to raise funds.C.Their fame in academic circles.D.Their administrative experience.问题3选项A.The tuitions (学费) they charge have been rising considerably.B.Their operation is under strict government control.C.They are strengthening their position by globalization.D.Most of their money comes from the government.问题4选项A.she was known to be good at raising moneyB.she could help strengthen its ties with YaleC.she knew how to attract students overseasD.she had boosted Yales academic status问题5选项A.They can enhance the universitys image.B.They will bring with them more international faculty.C.They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.D.They can set up new academic disciplines.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段倒数一、二句Yet the talent flow isnt universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.（然而，人才流动并非是世界性的。高层管理人员的流动只倾向于一个方向：从美国向外。），可知当前高等教育倾向于从美国招聘管理人员，A选项“世界各地的机构都在从美国招聘管理人员”正确。B选项“许多积极分子被聘为管理员”，C选项“美国大学正在扩招国际学生”和D选项“大学校长更加注重筹款”文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第四句The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising.（董事会最终聘用了布鲁斯本森，一位69岁的科罗拉多商人和政治活动家，因为他很可能在现代大学校长的主要任务上做得很好：筹资。），可知美国大学在招聘高级管理人员时主要考虑筹资方面的能力，B选项“他们筹集资金的能力”正确；A选项“政治正确性”和C选项“他们在学术界的名声”不是主要考虑的内容。D选项“他们的管理经验”：根据第三段最后一句The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.（筹集资金的能力很大程度上是经验和需要的产物。），可知要求的是筹资方面的经验，而非管理经验。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding.（与此同时，许多欧洲大学仍主要依赖政府资助。），可知D选项“它们的大部分资金来自政府”正确。A选项“学费一直在上涨”，B选项“其运作受到政府的严格控制”和C选项“它们正在通过全球化加强他们的地位”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第二句In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yales financial position”.（2003年，剑桥大学任命另一位耶鲁大学前教务长艾莉森理查德为副校长。剑桥大学公开强调，在她之前的工作中，她对“耶鲁大学的财务状况起到了重要的监督作用”。），可知艾莉森理查德成为副校长的主要原因是在筹资方面做出的贡献，A选项“她很擅长筹款”正确；没有提到艾莉森理查德让剑桥大学和耶鲁大学的联系加强，B选项“她可以帮助加强与耶鲁大学的联系”错误。C选项“她知道如何吸引海外学生”和D选项“她提高了耶鲁大学的学术地位”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.（外国人可以为现有做法提供新的视角。），可知C选项“他们会从一个新的角度来看待很多事情。”正确。B选项“他们会吸引来更多的国际教员”：根据文章倒数第二句The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body.（教育的全球化意味着，更多的大学将寻求具有某种国际经验的领导，以促进国际项目和吸引全球学生群体。），可知吸引的是国外的学生而非教员。A选项“他们可以提升大学的形象”和D选项“他们可以建立新的学科”：文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat.问题1选项A.mildB.slightC.lightD.tender【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项mild“（天气、情感）温和的；（味道）清淡的”；B选项slight“轻微的；瘦小的”；C选项light“明亮的；（重量）轻的”；D选项tender“（食物）嫩的”。句意：她把肉煮了很长时间，来让肉吃起来足够_。D选项符合题意。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题The British constitution is _ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.问题1选项A.byB.atC.whichD.to【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：英国宪法在很大程度上是上述历史事件的产物。D选项to a large extent“在很大程度上”，A选项by a large extent和B选项at a large extent非固定搭配，C选项which引导从句。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming (到处走动) in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless (倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.1. What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?2. When an animal is underfed, it will probably _.3. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?4. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised _.5. Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?问题1选项A.In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.B.An animal will be useless unless domesticated.C.There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.D.Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.问题2选项A.require its master to offer some foodB.seek for food on its ownC.refuse to obey its masterD.immediately fall ill问题3选项A.There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.B.The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.C.They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.D.They have great adaptation for the environment.问题4选项A.not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exerciseB.to join some sort of pet-keeping organizationsC.not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on itD.to pay attention to its proper feeding问题5选项A.The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals.B.Some Tips on Pet-keeping.C.Domesticated Animals-Mans Best friend.D.Proper Diet-the Road to Health.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number.（在世界上存在的成千上万种不同的动物中，人类已经学会了与大量的动物交朋友。），可知人类和许多动物关系密切，随后举出具体的例子，D选项“人与许多动物建立了密切的关系”正确。A选项“在某些地区，驴似乎是一种非常有用的牲畜”，B选项“除非被驯化，否则动物是无用的”和C选项“世界上有成千上万种动物”不是表达的重点。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.（他们指望主人满足他们的需要，只要主人满足了他们的需要，他们就满足于去做主人所要求的事情。），可知家畜把所有需求的满足放在主人身上，如果不被满足，就不会服从主人，C选项“拒绝服从主人”正确，B选项“寻找食物”错误。A选项“要求它的主人给一些食物”：动物不会表达明确的要求，故错误。D选项“很快病倒”：根据第三段第三句Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull.（有些人用餐桌上的残羹剩饭来喂宠物狗或猫，然后又想知道为什么这些动物看起来无精打采。），可知缺乏营养不会让动物马上病倒，而是没有精神。因此C选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第四句The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa.（哈士奇可以生活在寒冷的极地地区，而萨卢基则生活在中非最热的地区。），哈士奇和萨卢基分别可以在极寒和极热的地方生活，可以说明狗对环境的适应力很强，但不能说明它们是最强壮的狗，A选项“地球上生活着各种品种的狗”和D选项“他们对环境有很大的适应能力”符合文章内容，B选项“哈士奇和萨卢基是世界上已知的最强壮的品种”不符合文章内容。C选项“他们可以充当人类的朋友、守卫和仆人”：根据第一段第二句Some are pets, and offer him companionship some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself.（有些是宠物，给他陪伴，有些给他保护，有些做人类自己不能做的艰苦工作。），分别对应朋友、守卫和仆人的角色，符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。作者在第三段第一句提出All domestic animals need proper food.（所有的家畜都需要适当进食。），随后具体地说明如何适当进食，D选项“注意适当喂养”正确。A选项“不允许它进行过量的运动”：文中没有提到。B选项“加入宠物饲养组织”：根据第四段第三句All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price.（生病的动物可以得到各种各样的药物和治疗，在一些国家有组织免费或低价提供。），可知这主要是针对治病，而不是保持身体健康。C选项“毫不犹豫地花大量的钱来照顾”：Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.（这些有用、友好、勤劳的动物值得为它们的健康花费一些时间、金钱和注意力。），这里指花费一些金钱而不是大量。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出人类需要家养动物，第二段讲家养动物需要人类获取住所和食物，第三段和第四段讲如何照顾家养动物，综合来看，C选项“家养动物人类最好的朋友”正确。A选项“饲养家畜的优点”和B选项“养宠物的一些建议”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。D选项“正确的饮食通往健康之路”：文章不是讲饮食，而是家养动物。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题The rising of prices will _ off demands for pay increases.问题1选项A.triggerB.nudgeC.trailD.switch【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项trigger“触发；引起”；B选项nudge“（常用肘为引起注意）轻推”；C选项trail“没精打采地慢走；拉”；D选项switch“转变；交换；调班”。句意：物价上涨会_涨工资的要求。根据语境，这里指物价上涨以后人们就想要涨工资，A选项trigger“触发；引起”符合题意。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Spy writer John Le Carre hit the _ with his caustic portrayal of the citys mix of dreariness and international intrigue in his 1968 novel, A Small Town in Germany.问题1选项A.houseB.homeC.placeD.headline【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项house“房屋”；B选项home“家”；C选项place“地方”；D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”，hit the headlines“成为头条新闻”。句意：间谍作家约翰勒卡雷在1968年出版的小说德国小镇中，以犀利的笔法描写了这个城市的沉闷和国际阴谋。根据语境和词组hit the headlines“成为头条新闻”，D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”符合题意。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide _ of topics they were interested in.问题1选项A.extentB.numberC.collectionD.range【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项extent“程度；大小，面积”；B选项number“数量；号码”；C选项collection“收集物”；D选项range“类”，a wide range of“大范围的；多种多样的”。句意：双方就感兴趣的_议题交换了意见。根据语境，这里指的是双方有很多感兴趣的议题，D选项range符合题意。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient (变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problemsboth legal and educationalfor already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.1. It is implied in the first paragraph that _.2. The National Coalition for the Homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _.3. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be _.4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that _.5. The passage mainly deals with _.问题1选项A.there is a serious shortage of academic facilities.B.homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education.C.the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties.D.many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities.问题2选项A.440,000B.110,000C.350,000D.1,500,000问题3选项A.the homeless children usually stay outside schoolB.some homeless children are deserted by their familiesC.the homeless children are too young be counted as childrenD.the homeless population is growing rapidly问题4选项A.the address of grade school children should be locatedB.all homeless people are entitled to free educationC.the educational problems of homeless children are being recognizedD.the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine问题5选项A.the social status of older malesB.estimates on the homeless populationC.the legal problems of the homeless childrenD.the educational problems of homeless children【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problemsboth legal and educationalfor already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.（这些四处流浪、饱受惊吓的学生群体给已经不堪重负的城市教学和教学管理带来了法律和教育方面的额外麻烦。），可知第一段表达的是城市教学负担不起那么多学生，A选项“教学设施严重短缺”正确。B选项“无家可归的孩子被剥夺了接受免费教育的机会”，C选项“即使到了八十多岁，作者自己依然无家可归”和D选项“许多无家可归的老人正在25个城市举行罢工”文中没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第三、四句there are 220,000 homeless school-age childrenBut the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children（美国有22万无家可归的学龄儿童但全国无家可归者援助联盟估计,至少有两倍的无家可归的孩子），可知A选项“44万”正确；B选项“11万”，C选项“35万”和D选项“150万”错误。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homesmany of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.（在无家可归的人口中，有一部分特别难以统计，那就是被抛弃的青少年其中许多人没有被算作儿童，因为他们没有住在家庭庇护所，往往自己在街上生活。），所以B选项“有的无家可归的孩子被他们的家人遗弃”正确。A选项“无家可归的孩子通常呆在学校外面”，C选项“无家可归的孩子还太小，不能算孩子”和D选项“无家可归的人口正在迅速增长”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。根据文章最后一段Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.（1987年的联邦法律斯图尔特B麦金尼无家可归者救助法案中有一部分专门针对无家可归儿童的教育需求。麦金尼法案的教育条款是基于这样一种信念，即所有无家可归的儿童都有权利接受免费、合适的教育。），可知无家可归儿童的教育问题受到社会关注，C选项“越来越多人意识到无家可归儿童的教育问题”正确；A选项“小学儿童应该被安置下来”和B选项“所有无家可归的人都有权接受免费教育”是法案的部分内容，不是表达的重点。D选项“无家可归儿童的估计数量很难确定”：在这一段没有体现。因此C选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出无家可归的儿童没有足够的教育资源，第二、三段讲无家可归的儿童的教育和生活状况，第四段讲法律帮助这些儿童，所以整篇文章在讲无家可归的儿童的教育问题，D选项“无家可归儿童的教育问题”正确。A选项“年长男性的社会地位”：只有在文章第一句出现以引出下文。B选项“对无家可归人口数量的估计”和C选项“无家可归儿童的法律问题”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题Calculations which are astronomically exact have been made _ with the use of computers.问题1选项A.possibleB.it possibleC.possiblyD.to be possible【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查句子成分。句意：计算机的使用使天文学上精确的计算成为可能。句子主干是Calculations have been made _，根据短语make sth.+adj.还原短语为made calculations +adj.，确定横线处填形容词作calculations的宾补，A选项possible符合题意。B选项it possible中it多余，C选项possibly是副词，D选项to be possible是不定式。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题There are _ approaches to English teaching Hut not all of them are equally efficient for our Chinese students.问题1选项A.originateB.diverseC.doubleD.joint【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项originate“起源；创建”；B选项diverse“多种多样的”；C选项double“两倍的；成双的；双人的”；D选项joint“联合的”。句意：英语教学的方法_，但并不是所有的方法对我们的中国学生都同样有效。根据不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多种方法，B选项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。11. 翻译题(1) In many of the countries struggling to find enough water for their populations, it is the government that is to blame, not geography according to a report out this week.(2) Several recent UN studies show that lack of water is holding back food production and economic development in more and more regions around the world. According to the UN Environment Program, a third of the planet will face water shortages by 2025.But Caroline Sullivan, head of water policy and management at Britains Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) in Wallingford, Oxford shire, says these problems are often of a countrys own making. (3) “It is easy for governments to blame geography when the problem is usually their