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2013版英语一轮精品复习学案：Unit2Working the land（新人教版必修4）【高考新动向】【考纲全景透析】【重点单词】1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力相关短语struggle for 为而斗争struggle with / against与作斗争struggle to do sth.努力做某事straggle to one s feet挣扎着站起来a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗1). They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。2). The book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。【即境活用】按要求填空或翻译。1). They are _ (为而斗争) the position2). They struggled all through the years _ us _ the Japanese.(介词)3). The fox struggled _ (escape).4). He _ _ _ _ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead.Keys: 1). struggling for 2). with; against 3). to escape 4). struggled to his feet2 expand vi. 扩大，增加，增强； vt. 使变大，使增强，阐述 A childs vocabulary expands through reading .孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。 Why not try to expand your story into a novel?为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？ You mentioned the need for extra funding ,Would you expand on that?你曾经提到需要一笔额外资金。你详细谈谈好吗？3. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.u 装备；设备重点用法equip sb./sth. with 用武装某人；用装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为而武装某人；为而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备1). They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。2). A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生【即境活用】按要求填空或翻译。1). The soldiers were well _ _ (装备好了) weapons. 2). We must equip young teachers _ _ _ (对付) difficult children. 3). This library is equipped _ (介词) atomic research.4). Our classroom _ _ _ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.Keys: 1). equipped with 2). to deal with 3). for 4). is equipped with 4 regret vt. 遗憾，惋惜 n.遗憾，懊悔 If you dont do it now,youll only regret it.你如果现在不做，以后一定会后悔。 He bitterly regretted never having mentioned it.他非常懊悔提起那件事。 She expressed her regret at the decision. 她对这个决定表示失望。5. reduce 减少，缩小；降低Theyve reduced the prices in the shop, so its a good time to buy.商店已经降低了商品的价格，看来现在是买东西的好时候The fire reduced the forest to a few trees.大火把森林烧得仅剩下几颗树【拓展延伸】reduce by 减少了(其后常加百分数，也可加具体数字)reduce to 减少到(其后常加具体数字)The number of the students in our school reduces by 20% this year.今年我们学校学生的数量减少了20%She reduced her weight to 45 kilograms.她的体重减轻到45公斤同义词：decrease 反义词：increase，rise ,这三个词后也可以加 by 和 to，和reduce用法相同【即境活用】Toms weight was reduced _ 10 kilograms last yearA. by B. to C. from D. in【解析】A 考查reduce的基本用法。此处应根据句意选择。【重点短语】1. thanks to幸亏，由于Thanks to Germaines tireless efforts, the concert was a huge success.多亏了杰曼的不辞劳苦，音乐会取得了巨大成功Thanks to your help, I got over all the difficulties.多亏了你的帮忙，我才能克服所有的困难【拓展延伸】because of, due to, owing to, on account of 均有“由于”的意思The teams success was largely due to her efforts. 该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力Owing to the rain, the meeting has to be put off. 会议因雨而推迟了On account of difference in taste, your design do not suit this market. 由于趣味不同。您的款式不合此间市场【即境活用】_ the new policy, we are now having a happy life. A. Thanks to B. Because C. For D. Thanks for【解析】A 考查近义词的辨析。此处，Thanks to应为“多亏了” Because后应加句子，For 表示补充说明的原因2. be satisfied with 对表示满意重点用法sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意sb. is satisfied sth. 对表示满足或满意be satisfied to do 对做感到满意be satisfied that clause 对做感到满意a satisfied smile 满意的微笑a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客feel a sense of satisfaction感到满足感to sb s / sth s satisfaction 使某人满意的是far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one s work 从自己的工作中得到满足【拓展延伸】be pleased with对表示满意 be content with对表示满意v satisfy 使满意Some people are very hard to satisfy.adj satisfying= satisfactory 令人满意的（修饰物）What he did is far from satisfactory.他所做的远不能令人满意n. satisfaction 满足to ones satisfaction 使某人满意The problem was settled to the satisfaction of the customers.问题解决了，顾客很满意【即境活用】She was _ the result. We knew it from her _ look.A. satisfying with; satisfied B. satisfied with; satisfiedC. satisfied with; satisfying D. satisfying with; satisfying【解析】B 考查satisfied和satisfying 的区别。修饰人的表情，声音用-ed形式3. would rather 宁愿；宁可 He would rather walk than take a bus.他宁愿走，也不愿骑自行车。 Rather than refuse to help you ,I would borrow money from my friends.我宁愿向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。 I would rather you went right now.我宁愿你马上就去。 Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.我真希望你那天没有把那消息告诉他。4. lead to通往，通向；导致；造成（后果） (1) 通向All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。（2）导致；造成（后果）Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.吃太多糖会导致健康问题His carelessness led to his failure.他的粗心导致了他的失败。【拓展延伸】lead to(为介词)后可加doingThe car accident led to his being killed.那次车祸致使他死亡。result in 导致 result from 由导致The death of fishes in the river resulted from pollution.这条河里的鱼的死亡是由于污染导致【相关短语】lead sb. to 把某人带到 lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事1). This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。2). His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。【即境活用】The road _ the city is lined with trees.A. lead to B. result from C. result in D. leading to【解析】D 考查短语意思辨析。leading to做后置定语修饰the road.【重点句型】1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。 不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/right/only/very/. + n. + to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的做某事的人/物，如：1). He is always the first (student) to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来和最后一个离开的（学生）。2). The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的是船长。即境活用 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1). I think he is the right person _ (tell) her about this.2). I d be the first _ (admit) I might be wrong. Keys: 1). to tell 2). to admit2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。make it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式, it 做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语，有时真正的宾语是从句。常和动词consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove等连用。如：He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。再如：1). The bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.2). We make it a rule to do some English practice before class.3). Tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt.4). Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin?即境活用 翻译句子。1). 我们觉得支持好的领导是我们的职责。 _2). 我记得我想你讲清楚我不会来的。 _Keys: 1). We consider it our duty to support good leaders. 2). I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.3. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。what is /was called 或 what people call /called 是习惯用法，意为“所谓的；人们常说的”，相当于so-called。其中引导词what 在此句中相当于“the + n.+that”结构。本句可改为 Dr Yuan Longping grows the rice that is called super hybrid rice . At last,they reached what is called the New America最后，他们到达被称为美洲大陆的新地方。 He graduated from what was called a key high school.他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。【热点难点全析】动词-ing形式作主语和宾语1. 动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。Learning about a language is easier than using it.学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易2. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。It is no use crying over spilt milk.作无益的后悔是没有用的。3. 动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型Its no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。Its worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。 动词-ing形式作宾语1.动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词。这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事They admitted smoking/having smoked in the hall.他们承认在大厅里抽过烟只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免resist抵制keep保持consider考虑delay耽搁dislike嫌恶practice练习mention提及enjoy喜欢escape避免excuse原谅risk冒险mind介意fancy想不到feel like意欲finish完成miss逃过include包括2. need, require, want作“需要”解时，后面接动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式，意义上并无差别，但用动词-ing形式比较普通Your composition needs correcting / to be corrected.你的作文需要修改。His coat wants cleaning/to be cleaned.他的外套需要洗了。3. 有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有所不同go on to do做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事doing 继续做同一件事。Mean to do想要做某事 doing 意味着要有一个结果regretto do 对即将要做的事表示遗憾 doing 对所做的事感到后悔remember to do 讲的是将来的事，表示“不要忘记”doing 讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”forgetto do 忘记要做某事 doing 忘记以前曾做过的事Stop to do 停止原来做的事，开始做另一件事 doing 停止正在做的事Try to do 设法做某事 doing 试验做某事4. 作介词宾语动词-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关常见的几种搭配形式有： What prevented you from joining us last night?昨天晚上什么事使你不能和我们在一起？We like his way of teaching English.我们喜欢他教英语的方式。I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。to既可以是介词，也可以是不定式符号，在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号，to后接动词原形；若是介词，to后需接动词-ing形式 You must get used to washing your face with cold water.你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。He is looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.他盼望今年暑假见到你常见的带介词to的短语：be used to习惯be related to与有关get down to着手做be given to沉溺于put ones mind to全神贯注于give rise to引起be equal to胜任devote oneself to献身于lead to导致be opposed to反对look forward to盼望object to反对【语法专练】1. Thomas was a real friend, for he advised me as well as _me with my English.A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped2. -Do you mind _alone at home?-No, but I want a good book_.A.leaving; to read B.to be left; readingC.to leave; reading D.being left; to read3. The majority of people here agree that there _ a bus stop near the house will be a great advantage.A. was B. have been C. having been D. being4. -Do you mind _alone at home?-No, but I want a good book_.A. leaving; to read B. to be left; readingC .to leave; reading D. being left; to read5. I wont go to his birthday without _. A. inviting B. being invited C. invited D. to be invited答案：15 CDDDB【高考零距离】1、（2012四川卷8） I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound【解析】选C 。本题考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。2（2012全国新课程28）The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit【解析】选A。此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致，所以weather保留，作permitting的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。另外，weather与permit之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：如果天气允许，聚会将在花园举行。考查现在分词的独立主格结构。3.（2010湖北卷T22） After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families. A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture. 【解析】选D。512的汶川地震，414玉树地震。天灾“earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示“住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大 ，句子结构也相对 简单。只要背过这几个词，知道“occupation”表示“占用”或者“工作，职业”；“furniture”表示“ 家具 ”；“equipment”表示“设备，器材”就能选出正确答案D了。4.（2010湖南卷T26） Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。5.（2009江苏卷T34）Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be life s most important decision - marriage - almost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what【解析】选D。句中此处是一个名词性定语从句，leave 是动词，后面要加宾语。其中that 和which 引导宾语从句的话，要有先行词在连接词的前面。所以应该选D6.（2009江西卷T35）Some of you may have finished unit one. _ , you can go on to unit two. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 【解析】选D 本题考查省略句的用法。 If so = If you have done that / so7.（2009陕西卷T12） I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的动作已经完成，也可用动词不定式，表示的动作还未发生，根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成，且与逻辑主语是被动关系，用v-ing的被动式，选D。8.（2009浙江卷T5）The incomes of skilled workers went up. _, unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.A. MoreoverB. Therefore C. MeanwhileD. Otherwise【解析】选C考查副词词义辨析。根据句意skilled workers表示熟练工人和unskilled workers 表示不熟练工人两者情况的对比。Moreover“再者，加之，此外，而且”；therefore“因此，所以”；otherwise“否则，要不然”； meanwhile“在此期间，同时”，符合句意，故选C.【考点提升训练】一、听力（略）二、单项选择21.【2012届江西省六校联考】24. The agreement was made quickly as both sides were satisfied with the conditions of _.A. anotherB. othersC. the otherD. either 22.【2012届河北省普通高考模拟】30The 30th Olympic Games，officially_as“London 2012 Olympic Games”，will take place from July 27 to August 12 A. know B. to know C. known D. knowing23.Nowadays some parents regret not _ more time with their kids when they were young. A. to spend B. spendingC. spend D. being spent24. Last years _ exceeded imports in value.A. exports B. produces C. benefits D. interests25 Dont bother Tom, he is _ with the experiment on water molecules in the lab. A. focused B. fixedC. occupied D. concentrated26. I regret_ unable to help you. A. to be B. that I can be C. being D. for being25.I would rather _ than _ in the exam.A.fail; cheating B.to fail; to cheat C. failing; cheating D.fail; cheat26. The government tried its best to _ the peoples needs, but the people were still not _.In fact, what the government did was not _.A. satisfy; satisfied; satisfying B. satisfy; satisfying; satisfiedC satisfied; satisfied; satisfying D. satisfying; satisfied; satisfied27. The UN is trying to _ the world _ hunger.A. get rid of; by B. rid; of C. be rid of ;by D. get rid; of28. _ the table _ dirt by putting a cover over it.A. Keep; away from B. Keep; free from C. Keeping; free from D. To keep; away from29 I would rather you _ in my school, Mom. A. not work B. not workedC. didnt work D. not working30 One way of helping _ these costs is by using computers to do some material handling. A. supply B. increase C. reduce D. fight31. Washing machines made by China have won _ worldwide attention and Haier has become _ popular name. A. the; an B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; a;32.After finishing youd better check your paper over and over again so that you might _ the mistakes. 世纪金榜A. make B. add C. increase D. reduce世纪金榜33. Do you mind if I smoke here, madam? _, sir.A. Of course not. Its not allowed hereB. Great! Id rather do that myselfC. Id rather you didnt, actuallyD. No, you cant34. Young man, if you hurry up , I think quite that you will catch the next train.A. that; probably B. this; certainly C. it; likely D. you; nearly35._,the vitamin C in them will be destroyed.A. If vegetables are cooked too long B. If cooked too longC. If cooking too long D. If being cooked too long三、完形填空An Italian philosopher once said that a great man makes his own good luck. What he means is that when good luck comes, a great man knows how to seize the opportunity and 36 advantage of it.There is a story about Bill Gates, the 37 of Microsoft that proves this. One day an executive from a large computer company came to his 38 looking for someone who had 39 a new operating system for computers. He didnt know too much about the inventor or his operating system, and he wasnt 40 sure of the inventors address. At that time everything in the computer business was so new and so disorganized 41 normal business procedures were almost unknown.It 42 that the inventor lived in a home next to Gates, but he was not at home when the executive came by. He may have been 43 at a meeting or shopping for new equipment. The executive, 44 no one home, wasnt sure what to do, but he didnt want to waste his trip, so he stopped by Gates house to ask him if he knew anything about the inventors system and 45 it worked.Since Gates was working on very 46 software, most other people in his place would have spoken 47 with the executive, told him that he was working on something else, and then forgotten about the whole thing. Gates, however, saw a（n） 48 and jumped on it. He told the executive that 49 he was working on his own operating system（he wasnt）and he would be 50 to discuss it with the executive in a few weeks.After the executive 51 to a meeting to be held a few weeks later, Gates quickly went out 52 for someone who had a workable new operating system. As an engineer he had a better idea than the executive about what he needed, and when he found someone with an operating system that he liked, he made modifications（修改） 53 on what the executive told him. His meeting a few weeks later was a great 54 , and Gates new operating system was sold to the large company and the sale became the foundation of Microsoft. Within two decades Gates was the richest man in the world. He 55 his own luck by seizing an unexpected opportunity.36. A. take B. make C. use D. give37. A. discoverer B. founder C. organizer D. speaker38. A. neighborhood B. home C. office D. company39. A. worked B. bought C. found D. invented40. A. certainly B. fairly C. ever D. even41. A. as B. whose C. that D. which42. A. found out B. turned out C. turned up D. showed up43. A. out B. outside C. off D. up44. A. expecting B. considering C. looking D. seeing45. A. when B. where C. how D. why46. A. same B. different C. similar D. exact47. A. attentively B. carefully C. briefly D. closely48. A. choice B. possibility C. opportunity D. occasion49. A. after all B. in fact C. in hand D. in addition50. A. devoted B. invited C. prepared D. welcomed51. A. promised B. agreed C. admitted D. approved52. A. looking B. leaving C. caring D. hoping53. A. depended B. relied C. based D. fixed54. A. mistake B. failure C. result D. success55. A. enjoyed B. made C. took D. missed三、阅读理解AAn apple a day may poison children.Children who eat an apple or a pear a day may be exceeding（超过）the pesticide（杀虫剂）safety limit because of remains on the fruit, according to research.Using data of the British Department of Environment on pesticides on fruit collected fr
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