2022年考博英语-中南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷26

2022年考博英语-中南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The research suggests a wave of possible protectionism in 2010 as such investigations lead to the （ ）of anti-dumping penalties.问题1选项A.dispositionB.distributionC.impositionD.allocation【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。disposition “处置；倾向”；distribution “分布；分配”；imposition “征收；强加”；allocation “分配”。 句意：研究表明，此类调查会导致一系列反倾销惩罚措施出台，在2010年可能会掀起一股保护主义热潮。只有C项能与anti-dumping penalties搭配。2. 写作题Write an essay of about 250 to 300 words on the topic “Love and Being Loved according to the instructions given below.爱和被爱是人际社会关系最重要的一对因子。爱是付出，它是奉献；被爱是接受，它是幸福；但它们又是相互置换。请你围绕这一命题，结合事例谈谈你对它们的认识和看法。【答案】略3. 单选题If theyre looking for a （ ）of information on a page or are engrossed in content, they wont be distracted by the ads on the side.问题1选项A.stripeB.sustainmentC.seriesD.snippet【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。stripe “条纹”；sustainment “支持物”；series “系列，连续”；snippet “片断”。句意：如果他们正在一个网页上寻找信息片段或者专心地看内容，那么他们将不会被旁边的广告分心。由information on a page可知空格处指信息片段，故D项正确。4. 单选题The publishing world would be badly hit if politicians did not （ ）their diaries from time to time showing just how they reacted at the time to particular world events.问题1选项A.part withB.bring forthC.lay outD.turn to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项part with“与 分开；舍弃”；B选项bring forth“产生；发表”；C选项lay out“展示；安排”；D选项turn to“转向；求助于；致力于”。句意：如果政客们没有不时 当时对世界大事的反应，那么出版界将受到严重打击。由句意可知，出版界的新闻来源之一与“政客对世界大事的反应”有关，“发表意见”符合语境。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题For 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet, even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground.With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure the Suns output without being impeded by the Earths atmosphere. Solar Max, a satellite from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), has been measuring the Suns output since February 1980. Although a malfunction in the satellites control system limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was repaired in orbit by astronauts from the space shuttle in 1984. maxs observations indicate that solar constant is not really constant after all. The satellites instruments have detected frequent, small variation in the Suns energy output, generally amounting to no more than 0.05 percent of the Suns mean energy output and lasting from a few days to a few weeks. Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the Suns disk. Sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Suns surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperature about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Suns surface. Particularly large fluctuations in the solar constant have coincided with sightings of large sunspot groups. In 1980, for example, Solar Maxs instruments registered a 0.3 percent drop in the solar energy reaching the Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0.6 percent of the solar disk, an area 20 times than the Earths surface.Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although Solar Maxs data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Suns output, some scientists have thought that the satellites aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop in the solar constant. This possibility was dismissed, however, by comparing Solar Maxs observations with data from a similar instrument operating on NASAs Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.1.Why is it not possible to measure the solar constant accurately without a satellite?2. Why did scientists think that Solar Max might be giving unreliable information?3.The attempt to describe the solar constant can best be described as （ ）.4.What does this passage mainly discuss?问题1选项A.The Earth is too far from the Sun.B.Some areas on Earth receive more solar energy than others.C.There is not enough sunlight during the day.D.The Earths atmosphere interferes with the sunlight.问题2选项A.Solar Max did not work for the first few years.B.The space shuttle could not fix Solar Maxs instruments.C.Solar Maxs instruments were getting old.D.Nimbus 7 interfered with Solar Maxs detectors.问题3选项A.ongoing research effortB.an issue that has been resolvedC.a question that can never be answeredD.historically interesting, but irrelevant to contemporary concerns问题4选项A.The launching of a weather satellite.B.The components of the Earths atmosphere.C.The measurement of variations in the solar constant.D.The interaction of sunlight and air pollution.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到“Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground.大气中的气体分子和尘埃粒子吸收和散射阳光，阻止某些波长的光到达地面。”可知D项“地球的大气层干扰阳光。”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由本文的最后一段，“Although Solar Maxs data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Suns output, some scientists have thought that the satellites aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop in the solar constant. 尽管Solar Max的数据显示，太阳的产出在缓慢而稳定地下降，但一些科学家认为，随着时间的推移，卫星上老化的探测器可能变得不那么敏感，从而错误地显示出太阳常数的下降。”卫星探测器由于历经时间较长，对太阳常数的敏感度有所下降。可知C项“ Solar Max的探测器变老旧了”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句“Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. 太阳常数的长期变化更难确定。”可知 对太阳常数测量的尝试被认为是持续的一种研究过程，因此科研人员想要测量太阳常数的努力还需要继续。A项符合题意。4.主旨大意题。本篇文章作者主要阐述的是在科学家研发出太阳卫星后，可以对太阳常数的恒量测出比较精确的值，但是测量的过程中有其他外界因素的干扰，从而导致测量结果不是那么准确。可知C项“测量太阳常数的变化”正确。6. 写作题Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic “Learning and Studying as I See It” according to the idea given below and outlined in Chinese.求知和探究被古人认为是人生中步履荆棘的历程。王国维先生就有着做学问的三大 境界，其一曰“昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路”；其二曰“衣带渐宽终不悔， 为伊消得人憔悴”；最后才会“众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处”。请 结合自己求学的经历或体会，分析你对这个命题的理解和看法。【答案】略7. 单选题Bill Clinton projected an （ ）personality in the 1992 campaign, but that was not his only advantage over Bush and an independent candidate, Ross Perot.问题1选项A.informalB.exaggerativeC.affluentD.effervescent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。informal “非正式的”；exaggerative “夸张的”；affluent “富裕的；流畅的”；effervescent “活跃的”。句意：比尔克林顿（美国前总统）在1992年的竞选中表现出活跃的个性，但这不是他相对于布什和独立候选人罗斯佩罗的唯一优势。只有D项可以形容personality。8. 单选题We cant hope to compete with other big companies （ ）we have inferior equipment in our installation lines and training of our workforce.问题1选项A.neverthelessB.unlessC.ifD.on condition【答案】C【解析】考查连词词义和词组辨析。nevertheless 然而；不过；unless 除非，如果不；if如果；即使；on condition 只要。根据前后句意推断C项符合题意，答案C。句意：如果我们在安装线上的设备和职工培训方面是较差的，那么我们就不能指望去与其他大公司竞争。9. 单选题Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspective on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world.The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940s,electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays.The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments.1.What is the theme does the passage mainly discuss?2.Why does the author mention the visible-light microscope in the first paragraph?3.Why did it take so long to develop the X-ray microscope?4.Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about X-ray microscopes in the future?问题1选项A.The detail seen through a microscope.B.Outdated microscopic techniques.C.Sources of illumination for microscopes.D.A new kind of microscope问题2选项A.To put the X-ray microscope in a historical perspective.B.To begin a discussion of sixteenth-century discoveries.C.To show how limited its uses are.D.To explain how it functioned.问题3选项A.Funds for research were insufficient.B.The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently.C.Materials used to manufacture X-ray tubes were difficult to obtain.D.X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate.问题4选项A.They will probably replace electron microscope altogether.B.They will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now.C.They will provide information not available from other kinds of microscopes.D.They will eventually change the illumination range that they now use.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world. 现在，另一种显微镜，利用x射线而不是光或电子，提供了一种观察微小细节的不同方法;它应该把人类的感知能力进一步扩展到自然界。”及第二段“The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; 制造x射线显微镜的梦想可以追溯到1895年”可知本文讲的是一种新的显微镜，故D项正确。2.判断推理题。定位第一段中“Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspective on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself. 显微技术的每一个进步都给科学家提供了新视角对生物体的功能和物质本身的性质。”及“The invention of the visible-light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures. 16世纪晚期可视光学显微镜的发明引入了单细胞植物和动物的未知领域。在二十世纪，电子显微镜提供了对病毒和微小表面结构的直接观察。”可知提及可见光显微镜的目的是 “从历史的角度来看待x射线显微镜”故A项正确。3.细节事实题。定位第二段中“In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays. 然而，近年来，人们对x射线显微镜的兴趣又复活了，这在很大程度上是由于x射线照明新光源等技术的发展。结果，今天可用的亮度是x射线管的数百万倍，在本世纪的大部分时间里，x射线管是唯一可用的软x射线源。可知B项“直到最近，光源才足够明亮。”正确，ACD三项都没有提及。答案B。4.判断推理题。定位最后一段中 “Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments. 相反，它们的特殊性质将使研究成为可能，这将补充那些用光和电子仪器进行的研究。可知C项“X射线将提供其他种类的显微镜无法提供的信息。”正确。10. 单选题The attorney was an intelligent debater; he （ ）the cross-questioning of the Supreme Court Judge on the case issue inquiry.问题1选项A.relishedB.estimatedC.interruptedD.dreaded【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。relished 玩赏，品味；estimated 评估，判断； interrupted 中止，打断；dreaded 恐惧，担心。句意：律师是一个非常有智慧的辩论者。他打断了最高法院法官关于案件调查的盘问。C项符合句意。11. 单选题By creating value, a powerful message, you can get people to come to you, instead of trying to （ ）them with your message and brand.问题1选项A.substantiateB.authenticateC.satiateD.smother【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。substantiate“证实”；authenticate“鉴定”；satiate “充分满足”；smother“使窒息，抑制”。句意：通过创造价值和强有力的信息，你就能让大家来到身边，而不要尝试用自己的信息和品牌让来让他们感到窒息。instead of表转折，而不要尝试通过 可知空格处所填单词应为贬义词，故答案为D。12. 翻译题Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.Whats the best teacher? Experience, of course! Its priceless. It comes from what you yourself have seen, heard, tasted, smelled and felt what you yourself have lived through.Take a closer look. Look at our limitations.No wonder experience is so precious in that we cant begin to get enough of it, even cannot experience again what we just lived through. Were not born with instant replay. We cant actually relive any moment. And, obviously, were limited to one lifetime.Space and time! How they limit us. Who has a time machine to carry him back into history? No one. Its the same with space. We cant literally be in two places at the same time. Right now, you cant be sitting where you are and at the same time be strolling down the famed Champs Elysees in Paris (巴黎香榭丽舍大道).And theres so much experience we need. Whats it really like to work on an assembly line? Whats it really like to be a secretary?Heres where reading fits. It can bring us, personally, almost unlimited additional experience; to be sure, its secondhand experience. But its often so, vivid it seems firsthand, just as if were living through it ourselves, being moved to tears, laughter or suspense. That rich range of experience provides the ideal supplement to our own limited experience; by doing so, reading becomes one of our most profound mind-shaping activities.Furthermore, all this experience is available when we want it. Books never impose on us. When we want them, we reach out and pull them off the shell or table. At our convenience we invite them to share their unbelievable wealth with us.【答案】它（经验）来自于你自己的经历，自己看到、听到、尝到、闻到和感觉到的东西。由于我们无法在一开始得到足够的经验，甚至不能再次经历刚经历过的事情，使得经验如此宝贵。我们不能同时出现在两个地方。现在，你不可能坐在你现在的位置，且同时漫步在巴黎著名的香榭丽舍大街上。它能给我们个人带来几乎无限的额外经验；当然，这是间接的经验。丰富的经验为我们有限的经验提供了理想的补给；通过这样做，阅读成为我们最深刻的思想塑造活动之一。13. 单选题In scientific studies, supporting evidence is much more satisfying to report than are discredited hypotheses, but, in fact, the （ ）of errors is more likely to be useful than is the establishment of probable truth.问题1选项A.formulationB.correctionC.detectionD.accumulation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。formulation “规划；配方”；correction “改正”；detection“侦查；探测”；accumulation“积聚，堆积物”。句意：从科学研究上来说，虽然有证据支撑的报告比不可靠的假说更令人满意，但是事实上与发现错误相比确立可能的真理可能更有用。由discredited hypotheses“名誉扫地的假设”可推断应该是发现不可靠假说的错误，故C项 正确。14. 单选题During periods of social stability, many art academies are so firmly controlled by dogmatists that all real creative work must be done by the （ ）.问题1选项A.eliteB.disenfranchisedC.reactionariesD.dissatisfied【答案】B【解析】考查形容词及名词辨析。elite “精英；精华”；disenfranchised “被剥夺权利的”，the disenfranchised “被剥夺权利的人”； reactionaries “反动派”；dissatisfied “不满意的；不高兴的” 。句意： 在社会稳定时期，很多艺术学院被教条主义者牢牢地控制，以至所有真正有创意的作品必须由那些被剥夺了权利的人完成。由“controlled by dogmatists被教条主义者控制”及“real creative work真正有创意的作品”的对应知“真正有创意的作品都是由艺术学院里被剥夺了权利的人来完成。被教条主义控制意味着被剥夺了权利。15. 单选题The tenacious families feuded for generations, and inimical feelings are still fixed in their（ ）.问题1选项A.generosityB.antagonismC.acceptanceD.hospitality【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。generosity 慷慨，宽大；antagonism 对抗，敌意； acceptance 接受；hospitality 好客，亲切。句意：几代人以来，这个顽固的家庭一直不和，敌对情绪仍然固定在他们的对抗中。由feuded及inimical feelings are still fixed可知，B项符合题意。16. 单选题As serious as she is about the bullfight, she does not allow respect to （ ）her sense of whimsy when painting it.问题1选项A.suppressB.inspireC.satisfyD.provoke【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。suppress “抑制；废止”；inspire “激发；鼓舞”；satisfy“满足”；provoke“激怒”。句意：尽管她将斗牛视为严肃的事情，但在用绘画形式表现它时，她并没有让敬意遏制自己的奇思异想。由As serious as she is about the bullfight 及not allow respect可知 “抑制”符合语境。As在句中表让步关系。17. 单选题As we move into the 21st century the concept of reading was recognized by most as involving a much more complex set of skills than had been understood in the past. Todays culture requires readers to be able not only to read for pleasure and information but to ask questions of the text, to recognize how the writer tries to position the reader, and to become what is called a “critical” reader.The simple Venn diagram that had been used to depict the language cueing systems in the age of making meaning (Figure below) has evolved to a more complex diagram that includes the impact of culture and context on a reader as well as the roles that the reader must take on in order to be effective.Reading and the teaching of reading have become more complex and reach out across a wider and wider audience, so that we now accept that we are lifelong learners of readingor, to be more precise, of literacy. We accept that we will learn new skills in new contexts. It is a K-adult curriculum now.However, it is an age when politics and politicians have taken control of the literacy agenda. This is not surprising, as those who dont have high levels of literacy are more likely to end up on some sort of social support and thus are viewed as a “burden” to society. So, in order to save money in the long-term, ”it seems politicians have agreed that literacy begins in the early years. And they are finally prepared to support this concept.1.According to the passage, a critical reader should be able to （ ）.2.From the context of the passage we can infer the possible meaning of “K-adult curriculum (Paragraph 3)” as（ ）.3.In the diagram we can infer that the features of text analyst practices mainly involves（ ）.问题1选项A.appreciate and interpret the readings holistically in various dimensions and approachesB.evaluate the passage with cultural background and contextC.read and apprehend the information of the passages with various and comprehensive techniques of readingD.deduct the theme of passage with neutral and critical view问题2选项A.a curriculum of reading course with comprehensive skills for adult learnersB.a course plan with combination skills of both culture and context interpretation in readingC.a lifelong reading teaching schedule from childhood (Kindergarten) to adulthoodD.a reading course plan with various knowledge for adult reader问题3选项A.clear separation from code breaker practices but close relation with text user practicesB.the graphophonic, semantic and syntactic cues and related to the text user practices and other reading practices at foundation portionsC.the study of semantic and syntactic characters but less of graphic and phonetic elements about the passagesD.mainly syntactic cues which seems not to be related to code breaker practices【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段：“Todays culture requires readers to be ab