2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷60

2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The Chinese, who began systematic astronomical and weather observations shortly after the ancient Egyptians, were assiduous record-keepers, and because of this, can claim humanitys longest continuous （ ）of natural events.问题1选项A.defianceB.documentationC.maintenanceD.domination【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。A选项 “挑衅，蔑视”； B选项 “文件编制，文档”； C选项 “维持，保养”； D选项 “支配，统治”；根据句意继古埃及人之后旋即展开了有系统的天文与气候观察的中国人可谓是勤勉不辍的文献记录者，并且基于这一原因，中国人可声称拥有人类历史上对自然事件最悠久连续的文献记载。确定B选项正确。2. 单选题On that cultural and biological influences（ ）determine cross-cultural diversity is discredited by the fact that in countless aspects of human existence, it is cultural programming that overwhelmingly accounts for cross-population variance.问题1选项A.completelyB.equallyC.directlyD.jointly【答案】B【解析】副词辨析。A选项 “完全地，彻底地”； B 选项“相等地，同等地”； C选项“直接地；坦率地”； D选项 “联合地，共同地”，根据句意文化和生物的影响相同程度地决定了跨文化的多样性，这个观念被另外的一个事实粉碎，即在人类存在的无数方面，文化的因素压倒一切地解释了群体之间的差异确定B选项正确。3. 单选题Had the explosion broken out, all the passengers in the plane should have been killed, for it was（ ）timed with the planes take-off.问题1选项A.simultaneouslyB.conscientiouslyC.spontaneouslyD.instantaneously【答案】A【解析】副词词义辨析。句意如果发生爆炸，飞机上所有的乘客都会丧命，因为这是一个随着飞机 起飞会爆炸的定时炸弹。B选项conscientiously意为“良心上”； C选项spontaneously意为“不由自主地”； D选项instantaneously意为“即刻，马上”，均与句意不符。根据本题的关键词timed可知是与时间有关，A项simultaneously意为“同时地”，符合语境，正确。4. 单选题Before sitting for the entrance examination for postgraduate students, many candidates try to familiarize themselves with the formula of the exam by doing（ ）tests.问题1选项A.simulatedB.imitatedC.stimulatedD.illustrated【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项simulated “模拟的，模仿的，仿造的”，simulated test “模拟试题”；B选项imitated “模仿的，仿造的（强调对某物的仿造或对某人的模仿）”；stimulate “受刺激的”； D选项illustrated “有插画的”。根据句意在参加研究所入学考试之前，很多应试者已经通过做很多模拟试题来使自己更熟悉考试了。A选项表示模拟试题正确。5. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the（1）pace of modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters（2） the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is（3） matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the（4） to the rule. Perhaps the situation（5） a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign,（6） it may get completely（7） .Road politeness is not only good manners, but good（8） too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to（9） the temptation to revenge when（10）to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards（11） the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in（12） to an act of politeness helps to（13） an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too（14） today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.（15） , misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes（16） to allow a car to emerge（17） aside street at some hazard to following traffic,（18） a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra（19） into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop（20）.Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.问题1选项A.hastyB.promptC.urgentD.quick问题2选项A.onB.aboveC.behindD.by问题3选项A.the otherB.all otherC.anotherD.other问题4选项A.exclusionB.exceptionC.modificationD.access问题5选项A.calls forB.calls outC.calls uponD.calls up问题6选项A.moreoverB.whileC.otherwiseD.till问题7选项A.out of handB.in handC.at handD.offhand问题8选项A.doubtB.reasonC.disciplineD.sense问题9选项A.resistB.persistC.consistD.insist问题10选项A.subjectB.being subjectedC.subjectedD.is subjected问题11选项A.dismissingB.relievingC.releasingD.removing问题12选项A.appealB.approachC.reflectionD.response问题13选项A.createB.produceC.proceedD.raise问题14选项A.commonB.rareC.extraordinaryD.unique问题15选项A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.HoweverD.Thus问题16选项A.politelyB.carefullyC.vigorouslyD.violently问题17选项A.atB.onC.toD.from问题18选项A.thoughB.whenC.whereD.which问题19选项A.crossingB.crossC.being crossedD.to cross问题20选项A.on timeB.in timeC.at a timeD.at times【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:A第10题:C第11题:B第12题:D第13题:A第14题:B第15题:C第16题:D第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:B【解析】（1）形容词词义辨析题。A选项hasty表示的是“匆忙的，草率的”；B选项中prompt表示“立即的，及时的”；C选项中urgent表示“紧急的，紧迫的”；D选项quick表示“快的，迅速的”，此处为“快速的现代生活”中“快速的” 一词的考查。所以D选项符合题意。（2）介词用法辨析。此处为考查与wheel的搭配问题。wheel作名词表示“车轮，轮子”意思时，有搭配为“on wheels”表示“某物装上了轮子”，当wheel作名词表示“（汽车等的）方向盘”时，有搭配“behind the wheel”表示“手握方向盘，在驾驶”， 这里表示在驾驶所以C选项正确。（3）代词用法辨析。the other表示“两者中的另一个”；all other表示“所有其他的”；another表示“三者或三者以上的另一个”；other表示“其他的”，用于两者之间。此句话要表达的意思是“如果油箱里有良好的汽油是非常好的一件事，但驾驶员脾气不好却是另外一回事”。C选项正确。（4）名词词义辨析。根据前半句“或许你可以忍受那些爱抢路的、蛮横无礼的司机，但是今天行为良好的驾驶员对于规则来说却是例外。” A选项中exclusion表示 “排斥，排除”，其后应跟介词of或者from; B选项exception表示“例外”，其后可跟介词to; C选项modification表示“修改，改进”；D选项access表示“进入，使用权， 通路”。根据题意和空格后的介词to可知B选项表示是一个特例正确。（5）动词短语词义辨析。A选项call for表示“要求，需要”；B选项call out表示“出动，召集”；C选项call upon表示“邀请，恭请”；D选项call up表示“回忆”；根据句意也许这样的情况急需一个“善待其他司机”的活动确定A选项符合题意。（6）连词词义辨析题。A选项moreover表示“然而”；B选项while表示对比两件事情）然而或当的时候”；C选项otherwise表示“否则”；D选项till表示“直到”。 由前半句可知后半句句意为“否则情况将变得完全难以控制。” C选项正确。（7）介词短语词义辨析。A选项out of hand表示“难以控制，脱手”；B选项in hand表示“在控制中”；C选项at hand表示“接近”；D选项off hand表示“不再负责”。根据句意“否则情况将变得无法控制” ，A选项正确。（8）名词词义辨析题。A选项doubt表示“怀疑”；B选项reason表示“理由”；C选项discipline表示“学科，纪律”，D选项sense“感觉，理智”； 本句的意思是“道路礼貌不仅仅是良好行为的表现，同样也是理智的表现。” good sense表示“理智，判断力强”，所以D选项正确。（9）动词词义辨析。由上句话可知，A选项resist表示“抵抗”；B选项persist 表示“坚持；C选项consist表示“由组成”；D选项insist表示“坚持，强调”。根据句意“道路礼貌”是有积极作用的，因此能帮助司机去“抵抗”报复的诱惑。A选项正确。（10）动词的时态和语态。when subjected to uncivilized behavior 表达的意思是“遭受不文明的行为时”，这句话的主谓语和主句的主谓语一样，所以when后其实省略了 主谓语they are”, 根据句型“be subjected to sth.”确定C选项正确。（11）动词词义辨析。A选项dismissing表示“解散，不予考虑”；B选项relieving 表示“缓解”；C选项releasing表示“放松”；D选项removing表示“移开”；此句话要表达的意思为“另一方面，一点点礼貌就可以很大程度上缓解司机的情绪”，B选项正确。（12）名词词义辨析。A选项appeal表示“吸引力，呼吁”；B选项approach表示 “方法”；C选项reflection表示“沉思，回忆”；D选项response “回应”。根据上句，别人对你礼貌，你也应该“回应”别人的礼貌，D选项正确。（13）动词词义辨析。A选项create表示“创造，引起（感觉或印象）”；B选项 produce表示“生产（商品）”；C选项proceed表示“接着做，继续”；D选项raise表示“引 起（人的情绪）”。此句要表达的意思是“对别人礼貌的回应有助于创造善意的氛围”，A选项正确。（14）形容词词义辨析。上句话是说道路上的礼貌很有好处，但是此句中有一个but转折，可知此句为表达否定的意思。A选项common表达“普通的，平常的”; B选项rare表示“稀少的”；C选项extraordinary表示“不平凡的”；D选项unique表示“特殊的，独特的”。由句意“但是，今天这种道路上礼貌的意识太少了。” 可知B选项正确。（15）副词词义辨析。A选项Therefore表示“因此”；B选项Furthermore表示“而 且，此外”；C选项However表示“然而”；D选项Thus表示“因此，从而，如此”。本句话表达的意思与前文是转折的关系，所以句意为“然而，错误的礼貌也是很危险的。” C选项正确。（16）词词义辨析。此句话表示的是“典型的例子就是司机猛地停车”A选项politely表示“有礼貌地”；B选项carefully表示“小心地”；C选项vigorously表示“精力旺盛地”； D选项violently “猛烈地，激烈地”，所以D选项正确。（17）介词用法辨析。emerge from表示“出现，露出”，此句表示的一辆车从道路旁边冒出来，D选项正确。（18）连词词义辨析。though引导让步状语从句，表示转折关系；when引导时间状语从句；where引导地点状语从句；which表示“哪一个”，一般在从句中要充当某一成分。由其后的a few seconds later “几秒钟之后”，可知与时间有关系，所以B选项正确。（19）同根名词与动词辨析。此句话表示“司机挥手让孩子过斑马线”。zebra crossing表示“斑马线”，此时crossing用作名词，A选项正确。（20）副词短语辨析。A选项on time表示“按时，准时”；B选项in time表示“及 时”；C选项表示“每次，一次”；D选项at times表示“有时，偶尔”。此句话的意思为“司机挥手让孩子过斑马线，进入迎面有车辆行驶的车道，而这些车辆又不能及时停下来。”所以B选项正确。6. 单选题It is the high humidity that makes London winters so chilly,（ ）.问题1选项A.not that its temperatures are being lowB.not lowness of temperaturesC.since low temperatures are not as presentD.not the low temperatures【答案】D【解析】省略句的用法。根据句子前部分的结构可知题目强调的是high humidity, 并且需填入的部分与the high humidity是并列成分，根据句意使伦敦的冬季如此之冷的是高湿度而不是低气温。可知D选项正确。7. 单选题The diplomat, selected for her demonstrated patience and skill in conducting suchdelicate negotiations,（ ）to make a decision during the talks because any sudden commitment at that time would have been（ ）.问题1选项A.resolved.detrimentalB.hesitated. warrantedC.declined.inopportuneD.struggled. unconscionable【答案】C【解析】动词和形容词辨析。第一个空的选项为resolve “决定，溶解”；hesitate “犹豫，有疑虑;decline “下降，衰落，婉拒”；struggle “努力，挣扎，对抗”，根据关键词patience和sudden commitment推断出第一个空应选则填入declined；第二个空的选项为detrimental不利的，有害的”；warranted “保证的，担保的”；inopportune “不适当的，不合时机的”；unconscionable “昧着良心的，肆无忌惮的，过度的”； 据第一个空的选词和句意因在如此微妙的谈判中表现出来的耐心和技巧而当选的这位外交官拒绝在会谈中做出决定，因为在那种情况下，任何突然的承诺都是不恰当的。确定第二个空填入inopportune，C选项正确。8. 单选题Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery .The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of light. As we all know, light is hot; my source of light - from the sun itself down to a humble match burning will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the form of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried. The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.1.Up until the 1960s the instruments used to perform surgical operations were（ ）.2.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that（ ）.3.The laser beam is so strong because（ ）.4.Surgeons can now carry out operations which（ ）.问题1选项A.fashionableB.extraordinaryC.specialD.basic问题2选项A.medical help became available for industrial workersB.the study of art went through a complete revolutionC.mans whole approach to surgery changed completelyD.more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments问题3选项A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB.its heat is increased by the heat of the sunC.it can be plugged into an ordinary lightD.it sends out heat in many different directions问题4选项A.can be performed successfully only on the human eyeB.result in very little damage to the patients themselvesC.me made much more complicated by using the laser beamD.result in long periods of recovery time for patients【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章开头Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic.20世纪60年代之前，外科手术使用过的工具有：石头，锋利的骨头和角，金属刀，橡胶和塑料。确定这些工具都是很基本的，D选项正确。2.推理判断题。由第二段中所举的眼科手术的例子可知，使用激光做手术，可以让患者感觉轻松和舒服，不需要很长时间就能恢复，彻底改变了外科手术的方法，C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据第一段中“The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated This means that alight with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam. 然而，激光束中的光是集中的，这意味着不需要比普通电灯泡产生更多的能量就能点燃，当它集中在一个针尖大小的光束上时，就会变得非常强烈。” 可知，激光光束强是因为它的光束没有分散，而是集中成针尖大小的光束，所以A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据“No knives, no unwanted damagetrue surgical wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. 没有刀，没有不必要的伤害真正的外科奇迹。手术曾经让病人精疲力竭，需要很长时间的恢复，现在让他们感到放松和舒适。 ” 可知，使用激光做外科手术，可以让病人遭受极少的痛苦，B选项正确。9. 单选题Belying his earlier reputation for（ ）as a negotiator, Morgan had recently assumed a more （ ）stance for which many of his erstwhile critics praised him.问题1选项A.inflexibility . . unreasonableB.impropriety.oscillatoryC.intransigence . . tolerantD.success . authoritative【答案】C【解析】名词和形容词词义辨析。A选项的inflexibility “不屈性，顽固”；unreasonable “不合理的，不公正的”；B选项的impropriety “不合适，不恰当”；oscillatory “振动的，动摇的，变动的；C选项的intransigence “不妥协，强硬”；tolerant “忍受的，容忍的，宽容的”；D选项的 success “成功，胜利”；authoritative “命令式的，专断的，权威式的”。根据句意 与他先前亳不让步的谈判者的声誉相反，摩根近来采取了一种更为缓和的立场，所以许多他先前的批判者转而称赞他确定C选项正确。10. 单选题Although the intellectual and artistic achievements of this ancient civilization were, even by modem standards, extraordinarily（ ）, its level of technical and mechanicaldevelopment was by no means（ ）to that of modem technology.问题1选项A.primitive .superiorBparableC.primeval. equivalentD.influential. subordinate【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项primitive “原始的，非常的”；superior “出众的，优秀的”; B选项sophisticated“ 复杂的，精致的”;comparable“可比的”; C选项primeval 原始的”；equivalent “等价的”； D选项influential “有影响力的”; subordinate “次要的，从属的”。根据句意虽然这个古代文明的知识和艺术成就即使按现代的标准也相当有影响力， 但是它的技术和机械的发展绝不逊色于现代技术。D选项正确。 11. 翻译题Samsung issued an apology to Chinese consumers on Wednesday after Chinas state-run media criticized the Korean electronics giant for selling handsets with allegedly faulty memory chips.The company offered to provide free repairs and extended warranties on seven models after a broadcast on the influential China Central Television on Tuesday reported how Samsung handsets, including the Galaxy S and Galaxy Note series, crash several times a day due to the memory chips. The report said the issue could be resolved with a $100 chip upgrade that was not covered under current warranties.In a statement posted to Samsungs China Web site, the electronics giant apologized for the inconvenience, which it blamed on “management problems”. It also pledged to repair affected devices, refunds on previously repaired devices, and replacement handsets in some casesSamsung is not the first tech coming to come under CCTV scrutiny for its warranty practices. In April, Apple CEO Tim Cook issued an apology over its warranty policies in China and promised improved services. The initial report claimed Apple repaired only broken or otherwise faulty parts within its products for customers in China, versus providing new replacements in other countries.Cooks apology came during Apples continuing efforts to land an iPhone distribution deal with the worlds largest mobile carrier. Support from China Mobile, which has about 745 million customers, would open up a vast number of new customers for Apple.Meanwhile. Samsung hopes its apology goes a long way toward helping it maintain its lead position in Chinas smart phone market. The company sold 30 million devices in the country last year for a 17.7 percent market share, outpacing the 11 percent share commanded by No. 3 Apple.【答案】三星在周三向中国消费者道歉，此前中国官方媒体批评这家作为韩国电子巨头销售据称内存芯片有问题的手机。周二，在颇具影响力的中央电视台播出的一则报道称，包括Galaxy S和Galaxy Note系列在内的三星手机，由于内存芯片问题导致一天内多次死机之后，三星提出为七款手机提供免费维修服务并延长保修期。三星并不是第一家因保修问题受到中央电视台审查的科技公司。之前的报告称，苹果只为中国客户维修其产品中损坏的或其他有缺陷的部件，而在其他国家却对其提供更换手机服务。与此同时。三星希望其道歉能在很大程度上帮助其保持在中国智能手机市场的领先地位。12. 单选题Were still（ ）things here, but I cant guarantee the situation will stay that way.问题1选项A.in memory ofB.in search ofC.in control ofD.in need of【答案】C【解析】A选项 “纪念”； B选项 “寻找，搜寻”； C选项 “控制，管理”； D选项 “需要”，根据句意我们仍然在控制这里的一切，但我不能保证这个情况会这样持续下去确定C选项正确。13. 单选题Broadly the Englishman is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is folly（1）only among people he knows well. In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited,（2） embarrassed. You have only to（3） a commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a comer; no one speaks In fact, to do so would seem unusual（4） . There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which,（5） broken, makes the person immediately the object of（6） .It is a well-known fact that the English have a（7） for the discussion of their weather and that given half a chance, they will talk about it（8） . Some people argue that it is Because English weather（9） forecast and hence is a source of interest and（10）to everyone. This may be so（11） Englishman cannot have much（12） in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the Following day; are often proved wrong（13） a could over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to ail districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate -or as inaccurate - as the weathermen in his（14） .The overseas visitors may be excused for showing surprise at the number of references（15） weather that the English make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are（16） by comments on the weather. ”Nice day, isnt it? Beautiful! may well be heard instead of Good morning, how are you?（17）the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.（18） he wants to start a conversation with an Englishman but is（19） to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will（20） an answer from even the most reserved of Englishmen.问题1选项A.entertainedB.relaxedC.amusedD.enlightened问题2选项A.yetB.otherwiseC.evenD.though问题3选项A.experienceB.undergoC.travelD.witness问题4选项A.ObviouslyB.ContrarilyC.FrequentlyD.Practically问题5选项A.unlessB.ifC.whileD.as if问题6选项A.suspicionB.oppositionC.attackD.study问题7选项A.passionB.fancyC.NecessityD.topic问题8选项A.at lengthB.to a greatC.from theirD.by all means问题9选项A.followsB.predictsC.defiesD.violates问题10选项A.deductionB.contemplationC.speculationD.contribution问题11选项A.StillB.AlsoC.CertainlyD.Fundamentally问题12选项A.faithB.relianceC.honorD.credit问题13选项A.ifB.onceC.whenD.whereas问题14选项A.propositionsB.predictionsC.approvalD.defiance问题15选项A.aboutB.onC.as forD.to问题16选项A.replacedB.conductedC.executedD.proposed问题17选项A.SinceB.AlthoughC.howeverD.Before问题18选项A.Even ifB.BecauseC.IfD.For问题19选项A.at a lossB.at lastC.in factD.on the occasion问题20选项A.stimulateB.constituteC.furnishD.provoke【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:A第7题:A第8题:A第9题:C第10题:C第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:D第16题:A