2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷63

2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Providing first class service is one of the tactics the airline adopts to attract passengers.问题1选项A.attitudesB.methodsC.solutionsD.thoughts【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：提供头等舱服务是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。A选项attitude“态度，看法”；B选项method“方法，条理”；C选项solution“解决方案”；D选项thought“想法”。tactic意为“策略，战略”，选项B代入最符合语境。2. 单选题The man had to（ ）the airport several times in order to become familiar with the control of the plane.问题1选项A.surroundB.circleC.observeD.view【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。A选项surround“围绕，包围”；B选项circle“盘旋，环绕移动”；C选项observe“观察，遵守”；D选项view“观察，考虑”。句意：为了熟悉飞机的操纵，这个人不得不环绕着机场飞行了好几次。选项B符合语境。3. 单选题With the constant change of the conditions, the outcome is not always（ ）.问题1选项A.favorableB.predictableC.dependableD.reasonable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项favorable“有利的，良好的”；B选项predictable“可预测的”；C选项dependable“可靠的，可信赖的”；D选项reasonable“合理的”。句意：随着环境的不断变化，结果并不总是可以预测的。选项B符合语境。4. 单选题The psychologist cited several instances of insubordinate behavior.问题1选项A.neglectedB.worriedC.mentionedD.reduced【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：心理学家几个不服从行为的例子。cite指的是引用，列举。A选项neglect“忽略，忽视”；B选项worry“担心”；C选项mention“提及，谈到”；D选项reduce“减少，缩小”。选项C代入后最符合语境。5. 单选题As the silent film（ ）sound, so did the sound film（ ）color.问题1选项A.cry out for; cry out forB.cried out for; cried out forC.had cried out for; cry out forD.had cried out for; cried out for【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。分析句子结构可知，后半句为部分倒装结构，助动词did提到了主语前面，所以第二空应填动词原形，由此可排除选项B和选项D。前半句描述的事情发生在后半句之前，因此时态应使用过去完成时表示，所以选项C正确。句意“正如无声电影迫切需要声音一样，有声电影也迫切需要色彩。”6. 翻译题Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the futurenot wedded to the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not content with merely taking care of whats already there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as dedication, and speak from experience as well as understanding of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are flexible rather than dogmatic. They believe in unity rather than conformity. And they strive to achieve consensus out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people consistently to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leader make the right things happen when theyre supposed to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have in order to get. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization. For the work they do, and for their abilities, aspirations and needs, will find that respect is return. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.【答案】成功的领导者无论在情感上还是在理智上都着眼于未来，而不是执着于过去。他们渴望创新，积极开拓。他们不满足于现状，他们想要前进去创造新事物。领导者不仅提供指导也提供答案，不仅给予力量而且乐于奉献，他们说话既根据经验，也根据他们对所面临的问题和一起共事的人的理解。领导者处事灵活而不武断。他们相信的是团结而不是随波逐流。他们力图在冲突中达成共识。领导力在于让人们始终尽显其能，帮助他们最大限度地发挥自己的潜力，并激励他们朝着共同的目标而努力。领导者在必要的时候能做出正确的决断。一个好的领导者，一个卓有成效的领导者，是一个尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必须先尊重他人。一个尊重组织上各级员工，尊重他们的工作、能力、愿望和需求的领导者也会得到他人的尊重。所有这些都会激励大家共同努力。7. 单选题Culture is the total sum of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. An accidental language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.1.The language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in（ ）.2.The author says that professional linguists recognize that（ ）.3.The article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found（ ）.4.According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have（ ）.5.Which of the following is implied but not articulated in the passage?问题1选项A.sound patternsB.vocabulariesC.grammatical structuresD.both A and B问题2选项A.Western languages are superior to Eastern languagesB.All languages came from grunts and groansC.The hierarchy of languages is difficult to understandD.There is no hierarchy of languages问题3选项A.nowhere todayB.among the Australian aboriginesC.among Eastern culturesD.among people speaking “backward” languages问题4选项A.the potential for expanding vocabularyB.their own sound patternsC.an ability to transfer ideasD.grammatical structures问题5选项A.The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.B.The study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultures.C.The study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists.D.The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第三段的第四句“They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. 它们（不文明群体的语言）落后于我们的西方语言，通常不是在完全满足所有语言所需要的声音模式或语法结构上，而只是在反映说话者所知道的对象和活动的词汇上。”由此可知，与西方语言相比，不文明群体的语言在词汇方面受到限制，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容“对于专业的人类学家来说，文化之间没有本质上的优越，正如对于专业的语言学家来说，语言之间也没有本质上的等级关系。”由此可知，选项D符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据第三段一、二句的内容“人们曾经认为落后群体的语言是野蛮的、不发达的语言形式，主要由咕哝和呻吟组成。虽然语言可能是从一系列的咕哝和呻吟开始的，但对落后语言的研究证实，现在的口语语言都不符合这一描述。”也就是说，咕哝和呻吟的语言形式现在已经不存在了，所以选项A正确。4.细节事实题。第三段提及“All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 所有的语言似乎都有扩充词汇的机制，它们可以把已经存在的词汇组合在一起，也可以从其他语言中借用词汇并使其适应自己的系统。”由此可知，作者认为语言无论文明与否，都有扩大词汇量的潜力，选项A符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内容“这种对语言的研究，反过来又为人类学家的主张提供了新的线索，即所有的文化都应该被独立地看待，没有等级或层级的观念。”选项A和选项C在文中没有信息体现；D选项是原文明确提出的观点，不符合题干的意思。B选项“对语言的研究强化了人类学家的观点，即文化之间没有等级之分”与最后一段表达的意思一致，所以正确。8. 单选题It is believed that the recent findings are also applicable to other areas of design engineering.问题1选项A.practicalB.relevantC.convenientD.comparable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据句意：人们相信，最近的发现也适用于设计工程的其他领域。applicable意为“可适用的，可应用的”。A选项practical“实际的，实用性的”；B选项relevant“相关的”；C选项convenient“方便的”；D选项comparable“类似的，可比较的”。选项A与之意思最为接近。9. 翻译题Standing in the right spot in this gigantic city and hills draped with apartment complexes can remind you of Hong Kong, the density of habitation will recall Tokyo and the river-spanning brawn, replete with an immense new structure over the Yangtze that echoes the Brooklyn Bridge, might recall New York.Everywhere one looks here, there are new expressways, new bridges and towering new housing complexes rising, so many in fact that it is the occasional glimpse of something old, rather than the sight of anything new, that takes ones breath away.China has built megacities before, of course. The countrys rich east abounds with them, strung along the coast from Tianjin in the north to Shenzhen in the far south like so many pearls. But the swift rise of Chongqing represents a new departure: a major push by Beijing to spread the fruits of Chinas economic boom to the countrys vast interior, home to three Chinese in four.One after another, the big cities of the interior have eagerly entered the race to urbanize, with many openly brandishing the objective of becoming a “world city” within a few years. But whether judged by its size, its ambition or the scale of transformation, Chongqing, with its 12 million people, remains in a class by itself.【答案】置身于这座巨大的城市，站在密密麻麻满是公寓楼的山坡上可能会使你想到香港；这里密集的人口会让你想到东京；而那横跨长江两岸、仿效布鲁克林大桥豁然耸立的庞大新建筑物，或许会让你想到纽约。放眼望去，到处都可以看到新建的高速公路，新架的桥梁和新盖的高耸入云的住宅楼。事实上，这类新建筑实在是太多了，令人目不暇接，以至于让人感到惊讶不已的往往不是什么新的高楼大厦，而是偶然瞥见一座旧建筑。当然，在此之前中国已经有了一些超大城市，尤其在富裕的东部地区为数不少。这些城市从华北的天津到最南端的深圳，像一串珍珠镶嵌在中国沿海各地。但是重庆的迅速崛起却象征着一种新的开端：这表明北京正在大力推动中国经济繁荣的成果，将其延伸到幅员辽阔的内陆地区，那里是全国四分之三人口的家园。中国内地的城市一个接一个竞相城镇化，其中很多城市公开炫耀它们的目标，声称要在几年内建成“世界大都市”。但无论从城市大小、追求目标还是改革规模来衡量，拥有1200万人口的重庆仍是独一无二的。10. 单选题The senators attempt to convince the public that she is not interested in running for a second term is futile.问题1选项A.laudableB.sincereC.authenticD.useless【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：这位参议员试图让公众相信她对竞选连任没有兴趣，但这只是徒劳。A选项laudable“值得赞赏的”；B选项sincere“真诚的”；C选项authentic“真正的，真实的”；D选项useless“无用的，无效的”。futile意为“无用的，无效的”，选项D与之意思相近，代入符合语境。11. 单选题Although he was known to be extremely reserved in his public behavior, scholars have discovered that his diaries were written with uncommon frankness.问题1选项A.aloofB.tenderC.lucidD.reticent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然大家都知道他在公开场合极其保守，但学者们发现他的日记写得非常坦率。A选项aloof“冷淡的，远离的，冷漠的”；B选项tender“温柔的”；C选项lucid“易懂的”；D选项reticent“沉默的，谨慎的，有保留的”。reserved意为“保守的，保留的”，选项D与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。12. 单选题We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic (人口统计学) growth to “a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of rapid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1. According to the passage, “population as a global issue” （ ）.2. It can be inferred from the example of a power fuse that（ ）.3. What leads to a stable growth of population for most of human history?4. The reason for a rapid growth of population lies in the fact that（ ）.5. How many people are born every six hours at present, according to the author?问题1选项A.is quite unlike the population problem and thus doesnt need our concernB.focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growthC.deals with the same problem aroused by the population problemD.will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives问题2选项A.too much population will one day lead to the doom of human beingsB.the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of EarthC.demographic growth will follow a certain pattern of ups and downsD.it is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually问题3选项A.Species competitionB.Low fertilityC.Tribal fightsD.High rate of death问题4选项A.people are permitted to have more childrenB.people can live better than beforeC.newborn babies die less than beforeD.we have found the secret of longevity问题5选项A.Eighty million.B.Eight thousandC.Fifty thousandD.Five million【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。原文首段第一句提及“We can begin our discussion of population as a global issue with what most person mean when they discuss the population problem 当大多数人在讨论人口问题的时候，我们也可以开始人口作为一个全球问题的讨论。”由此可知，这两个问题是一样的，都是由人口问题引发的，所以选项C正确。2.判断推理题。根据关键词“power fuse”定位到第一段最后一句“It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic growth to a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes. 它很正确地使用了一个类似的问题，即把人口增长与一根又长又细的电源保险丝，它不时地稳定燃烧，直到最终达到极限并爆炸联系起来。”由此可知，作者是想通过电源保险丝的例子告诉我们，人口过多总有一天会导致人类的灭亡，所以选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的倒数第三句“For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. 在人类历史的大部分时间里，很少会有十分之一的人活过四十岁，而在这个时期，婴儿期和儿童期是特别危险的。”也就是说，导致人口稳定增长的原因是高死亡率，选项D符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的内容：它不仅从历史的角度看待目前的人口增长问题，它表明了近年来人口快速增长的原因不是人们突然想要生更多的孩子，而是因为改善了传统上造成高死亡率的状况。由此可知，人口快速增长的真正原因在于死亡率的改善，所以选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题干问的是“目前每六小时有多少人出生?”根据最后一段的最后三句“Between 8000 B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually. 公元前8000年1650年间，世界人口平均每年只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六小时增加一次。每年大约增加8000万人。”由此可知，现在每六个小时有5万人出生，所以选项C正确。13. 单选题I know youve got a smooth tongue, so dont talk me（ ）buying it.问题1选项A.awayB.downC.outD.into【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项talk away“不断的谈”；B选项 talk down“说服，驳倒”；C选项 talk out“讲出来”；D选项talk into“说服某人做某事”。句意：我知道你很会说话，所以不要劝我买这个。选项D符合语境。14. 翻译题由19世纪的后印象派开始，凡高、赛尚、高更三个人的创作理念和风格是现代艺术的开端。他们之所以在美术史上重要因为他们是开拓者。所以在谈论到现代艺术时我们无法跨过这三个大师。当然，现在的后现代艺术与现代艺术又是不同的，后现代艺术同样是对之前的现代艺术的思考和反叛，也只有在不断的创新与反叛中，艺术的历史才能被延续。【答案】Starting from the post-impressionism of the 19th century, the creative ideas and personal styles of Van Gogh, Cezanne and Gauguin are the beginning of the modern art. The reason why they are important in art history is because they are pioneers. So when we talk about modern art we cannot ignore these three masters. Of course, nowadays the post-modern art is different from modern art. The post-modern art is a reflection on and a rebellion against the previous modern art. Only in the constant innovation and rebellion can the history of art be continued.15. 单选题Sometimes artists find it hard for their work to win popular（ ）.问题1选项A.welcomeB.applauseC.appetiteD.appreciation【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项welcome“欢迎”；B选项applause“欢呼，喝彩”；C选项appetite“食欲，嗜好”；D选项appreciation“欣赏，鉴别”。句意：有时候，艺术家发现他们的作品很难赢得大众的欣赏。选项D符合语境。16. 单选题If you never review your stage lines, you will only have yourself to（ ）if you fail in your performance.问题1选项A.complainB.mistakeC.blameD.fault【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。to blame意为“该受责备；怪罪；应该负责”。句意“如果你从不复习你的台词，假如在表演时失败了，你只能怪你自己。”选项C符合语境。17. 单选题Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four oclock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.1.Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?2.This passage mainly discusses（ ）.3.Tea became a popular drink in Britain（ ）.4.People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because（ ）.5.We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of （ ）.问题1选项A.The Britons got expensive tea from India.B.Tea reached Britain from Holland.C.The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.D.It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.问题2选项A.the history of tea drinking in BritainB.how tea became a popular drink in BritainC.how the Britons got th