2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷15

2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题When she entered the room, the smell of her perfume immediately （ ） the room.问题1选项A.distributedB.penetratedC.pervadedD.perished【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。distribute“分配, 散布”;penetrate“渗透, 穿透”;pervade“遍及, 弥漫”;perish“使麻木, 毁坏”。句意:当她走进房间, 她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。选项C符合句意。2. 写作题Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in a big city such as Shanghai. They shout at us from the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night. What do you think of the flood of advertising make any contribution to our society? For this part you are to write a composition on the topic If There Were No Advertisements. You should illustrate your viewpoints on advertisement in no less than 200 words. 【答案】3. 单选题As regards to the development of moral standards in the growing child, （ ） is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality.问题1选项A.persistenceB.regularityC.consistencyD.conformity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。persistence持续，固执；regularity规则性，整齐；consistency一致性；conformity一致，符合。句意：关于成长中的孩子道德标准的发展，一致性在父母的教学中是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又原谅它，这不是道德的基础。强调一致的性质，所以选项C更恰当4. 单选题The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to （ ） the weight of the building.问题1选项A.idealizeB.subsideC.initiateD.sustain【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。idealize“理想化”;subside“平息, 减弱”;initiate“开始, 创始, 发起”;sustain“维持, 支撑, 承担”。句意:大楼倒塌了, 因为地基不够坚固, 承受不了大楼的重量。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.amiableB.obsoleteC.aggressiveD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。amiable“和蔼可亲的, 亲切的”;obsolete“废弃的, 老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的, 好斗的, 激进的, 有进取心的”;harmonious“和谐的, 和睦的”。句意:国际体育运动应该在各国之间建立友好关系, 但在现在的奥运会组织中, 某种程度上鼓励了激进的爱国主义。选项C符合语境。6. 单选题At Wembley, the home of football, countless thousands of people spend Sunday morning amongst the （ ） selling everything from shoes to model trains.问题1选项A.stallsB.staturesC.stalksD.statutes【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。stalls货摊 ；statures身高，身材；stalks茎秆；statutes法令。句意：成千上万的人整个星期天上午都流连于出售从鞋子到模型火车等各种商品的小摊位。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to （ ） myself of every chance to improve my English.问题1选项A.assureB.informC.availD.notify【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。根据句意：我尊敬的导师White教授经常提醒我要利用一切机会提高我的英语水平。选项C最为恰当，表示有益于，有助于。8. 单选题The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness. Broadly speaking, the sleep hours normally （ ） with the hours of darkness.问题1选项A.conformB.coincideC.collideD.comply【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。conform with符合，与.一致；coincide with符合，与.一致（强调时间上的一致性）；collide with冲突；comply with遵守。句意：人类正常的日常活动周期是7-8小时的睡眠和16-17小时的清醒交替进行。广义上说，睡眠时间通常与黑暗的时间相一致。选项B正确。9. 单选题The doctors are very much worried about the（ ） of the patients condition after operation.问题1选项A.dispositionB.deliberationC.deteriorationD.diversion【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。disposition“处置, 性情”;deliberation“审议, 考虑”;deterioration“恶化, 退化”;diversion“消遣, 转移注意力”。句意:医生非常担心病人手术后情况会恶化。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题Green means healthy outside of hospitals, too. Office workers with nature views are more （1 ）about their jobs, less frustrated, in better health and more satisfied with their （2 ） , according to one study. According to another, prison inmates whose cells looked out on farm fields needed far less health care than those whose cells faced a （3 ） internal courtyard. Psychologists have found that exposure （4 ） trees, streams and other natural features improves concentration, creativity and emotional functioning. In one study. Frances Kuo, PhD, a psychologist who （5 ） the Landscape and Human Health Laboratory at the University of Illinois, and her colleagues showed that 20-minute walks across leafy city parks eases ADHD （6 ） in kids. A few years ago, Kuo and her research partners tested children in a high-rise Chicago public-housing project to see if a view of nature from their apartments helped them psychologically. （7 ） with girls who looked out on brick and asphalt, girls who saw trees from their windows concentrated better, acted less （8 ） and were more able to delay gratification. That （9 ） better self-discipline, Kuo says, which could help girls better handle the （10 ） that come their way as they grow up in the projects. The Illinois researchers also showed that areas of the public-housing project with trees and grass had lower levels of crime, （11 ） violence, noise, litter and graffiti (涂鸦). “When you put all these things together, its a picture of a healthier neighborhood,” Kuo say. Greener neighborhoods may even improve the （12 ） physical health of their residents. Dutch scientists cross checked the self-reported health of 10, 000 people with the greenness of their neighborhoods. After （13 ） for their income, age and other factors that affect health, they found that people in greener neighborhoods were healthier. In another study, elderly Tokyo residents were significantly more likely to survive （14 ） another five years if their neighborhood （15 ）walkable parks and tree-lined streets.问题1选项A.keenB.eagerC.zealousD.enthusiastic问题2选项A.livesB.aliveC.liveD.living问题3选项A.blightB.bleakC.bleachD.blemished问题4选项A.forB.toC.fromD.at问题5选项A.directsB.improvesC.helpsD.satisfies问题6选项A.frustrationB.featuresC.emotionsD.symptoms问题7选项A.ComparingB.CompareC.ComparedD.To compare问题8选项A.inpulsivelyB.dispulsivelyC.impulsivelyD.unpulsively问题9选项A.amount up toB.adds up toC.is up toD.lives up to问题10选项A.challengesB.careerC.professionsD.task问题11选项A.domesticB.forensicC.explicitD.metropolitan问题12选项A.totallyB.partialC.overallD.whole问题13选项A.accountB.accountingC.accountedD.having accounting问题14选项A.fromB.inC.upD.for问题15选项A.retainedB.attainedC.detainedD.contained【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:A第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:D【解析】（1）固定搭配。be enthusiastic about为固定搭配，表示“热衷于, 对.充满热情”。keen后面一般接on；eager一般与to搭配；zealous一般与for搭配。所以选项D正确。（2）名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指对他们的生活感到更满意。只有选项A表示生活；alive“活着的”；live“活的，直播的”；living表示“生计，生活方式，生存之道”。所以选项A正确。（3）形容词词义辨析。blight“枯萎，荒芜”；bleak“阴冷的, 荒凉的”；bleach“漂白”；blemished “有瑕疵的, 有污点的”。根据句意可知填空处应为形容词修饰花园。只有选项B符合原文。（4）固定搭配。Exposure通常与to搭配, 表示“暴露于”。原文指的是处于某种环境中，所以选项B正确。（5）动词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指管理实验室的心理学家，选项A符合原文语境。（6）名词词义辨析。根据句意：在树木繁茂的城市公园散步20分钟可以缓解儿童多动症的症状。选项D符合原文语境。（7）语法知识。考查comparing with和compared with的区别。当句子的主语是被比较的对象时, 用compared with；当句子的主语是比较动作的发出者时, 用comparing with。句中的主语为girls，为被比较的对象, 所以用compared。选项C正确。（8）形容词词义辨析。根据原文句意：看到树木的女孩们注意力更加集中, 行为不那么冲动。选项中只有impulsively表示 “易冲动的”。其他三个选项均拼写错误。所以选项C正确。（9）动词词组辨析。amount up to“至多”;add up to“总计达”;is up to“从事;忙于”;live up to“实现, 达到”。根据原文可知，本句是对上一句的递进说明，表示还会提高自律性。选项D正确。（10）名词词义辨析。根据句意：这可以帮助她们更好地处理成长过程中遇到的挑战。选项A符合原文语境。（11）固定搭配。domestic violence 为固定搭配，表示“家庭暴力”。（12）形容词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指提高居民整体的健康状况。totally完全地；partial局部地；overall全部的，强调全面综合的；whole完整的，强调事物完好无缺。所以选项C更恰当。（13）语法知识。此处考查动词account的各种形式。空格前面是介词after，所以后面只能接名词，代词或动名词，所以空格处应该是用动名词形式。选项B正确。（14）介词搭配。survive与for搭配使用, 表示“存活”, 后一般跟时间。选项D正确。（15）语法理解题。retained保留，保存； attained获得，达到；detained扣留；contained包含。根据句意：”如果东京的老年居民所在的社区有可步行的公园和绿树成荫的街道.”可知，选项D更符合语境。11. 单选题However important we regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matter as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.1.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that（ ）.2.It can reasonably be inferred that the author （ ） .3.We may infer that the writer of this article does not favor （ ） .问题1选项A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parentsB.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the schoolC.there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemented at homeD.parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectives问题2选项A.is satisfied with present relationships between home and schoolB.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental programC.feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at presentD.is of the opinion that teachers of this generation are inferior to those of the last generation问题3选项A.a fathers helping his son with the latters studiesB.written communications to the parent from the teacherC.having the parents observe lessons which the children are being taughtD.principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，第一段提出父母对孩子的影响是不容忽视的，接下来的内容主要是讨论如何帮助家长理解并且推进学校目标的关键教师。所以选项B更能概括全文。2.细节推理题。根据最后一段的内容，作为一名专业顾问，教师最需要的是一种创造性的方法和家长沟通，以便他们知道如何有效的利用孩子们的课外时间。由此可知，作者认为教师和家长之间的沟通可以更进一步，更具有建设性意义。选项C符合原文。3.信息推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，老师在得到管理员允许的情况下也可以起到启发家长的重要作用，非正式的茶会和许多访谈，以及报告学生进步的新方法，都可以显著地帮助实现学校和家庭之间的和谐互动。由此可知，作者支持的是老师来进行面谈会而不是校长，所以选项D符合原文。12. 单选题Honesty no longer seems to be the best policy with telling of lies becoming a common part of our daily lives. A new research by a psychologist has revealed that most people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent.（1） “ People tell a considerable number of lies in everyday conversation. It was a very surprising result. We didnt expect lying to be such a part of daily conversation,” said Robert Feldman.The study also found that lies told by men and women differ in content, though not in quantity. （2） “Women were more likely to lie to make the person they were talking to feel good, while men lied most often to make themselves look better,” Feldman noted.As part of the study, a group of 121 pairs of undergraduate students were recruited to participate. （3） Participants were unaware that the session was being videotaped. At the end of the session, the students were then asked to watch the video of them and identify any inaccuracies in what they had said during the conversation. They were encouraged to identify all lies, no matter how big or small.Feldman said the students who participated in the study were surprised at their own results. “When they were watching themselves on videotape, people found themselves lying much more than they thought they had, ” Feldman said. The lies the students told varied considerably. （4） Others were more extreme, such as falsely claiming to be the star of a rock band.“Its so easy to lie,” Feldman said. “We teach our children to be honest, but we also tell them its polite to pretend they like a birthday gift theyve been given. （5） .”问题1选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题2选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题3选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题4选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.问题5选项A.The results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but they lie in different ways.B.Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.C.Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person that they liked someone when they did not.D.They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new.E.We are told it is a fact that both adults and children lie many times a day.F.The study, published in the Journal of Basic and Applied Social Psychology, found that 60 percent of people lied at least once during a 10-minute conversation and told an average of two to three lies.G.Anyway, the knowledge that we are all capable of lying makes it really hard to trust people when they tell you things.【答案】第1题:F第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据上文提到的研究以及第三段首句“The study also found that.”可推测, 填空处的内容应该也是描述这项研究的一些发现。所以选项F正确。2.根据上句, 研究还发现, 男性和女性说谎的内容不同, 但数量没什么不同。而填空处下文描述的是男性和女性撒谎的不同方式。结合上下文, 选项A能起到连接上下文的作用, 所以正确。3.上句提到, 作为研究的一部分, 研究人员招募了121对本科生参与其中。下文也都是和研究相关的内容, 而剩下的选项中和研究相关的只有选项D。4.根据下文的“Others were more extreme, .”可推测, 这里是研究结果进行比较, 所以前面应该是“Some were.”, 选项C符合原文语境。5.根据上文, 我们教孩子们要诚实, 但我们也告诉他们, 假装他们喜欢别人送给他们的生日礼物是有礼貌的。由此可知, 孩子们得到的关于说谎的实际方面的信息非常复杂, 这对他们成年后的行为是有影响的。所以选项B符合原文语境。13. 单选题The failure of electricity put all the computers in the region out of （ ） .问题1选项A.workB.tuneC.gearingD.action【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。out of work失业；out of tune不协调；out of gearing没有这种搭配；out of action损坏，不运转。句意：电力故障使该地区所有的计算机无法工作。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题She once （ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.coincidedC.constitutedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】动词搭配。merge“合并, 吞没”;coincide“一致, 符合, 同时发生”;constitute“组成, 构成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾经与另一位音乐家合作创作了一首流行乐曲。选项D符合句意。15. 单选题He soon regained his self-confidence for he found himself （ ） to others in many respects.问题1选项A.betterB.worseC.superiorD.inferior【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快恢复了自信，因为他发现自己在许多方面都比别人优秀。根据介词to可首先排除选项A和B，根据句意可知选项C正确。16. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that （ ） we had to stop for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals【答案】D【解析】固定搭配词组辨析。at large“详尽的”;at ease“安逸, 舒适”;at random“随便地, 任意地”;at intervals“不时地, 间断地”。句意:讨论时间太长, 使人精疲力竭, 我们不得不不时地停下来吃点点心。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题The torch was （ ） by a famous athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.问题1选项A.deceivedB.ignitedC.implementedD.designated【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deceive“欺骗, 行骗”;ignite“点燃, 使燃烧”;implement“实施, 执行”;designate“指定, 指派”。句意:在运动会开幕式上火炬由一名著名的运动员点燃。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss （ ） the bread-winners death.问题1选项A.at the cost ofB.on the verge ofC.as a