2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷16

2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题（ ） wings for the common man had to await the dawn of the space age to go back to the simplicity of their beginnings.问题1选项A.ConsequentlyB.RegularlyC.IronicallyD.Comprehensively【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。consequently因此,从而; regularly定期地,有规律地; ironically讽刺地; comprehensively包括地,全面地。句意： （ ） , 普通人的翅膀必须等到太空时代的黎明才能回到最初的简单。选项C具有讽刺意味的是, 符合句意。2. 单选题Last month, Mars and Earth were at the closest points in their （ ） orbits. The distance between the two worlds was 68 million kilometers.问题1选项A.identicalB.respectiveC.rigidD.reverse【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。 identical恒一的,完全相同的; respective各自的,分别的; rigid严格的,僵硬的; reverse反面的。句意：上个月火星和地球在各自轨道上的距离最近, 两个世界之间的距离是6800万公里。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题You know yourself better than anyone else; does not undertake that project unless you can （ ） it.问题1选项A.complementB.complimentC.implementD.supplement【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。complement补足, 补充;compliment恭维,赞美;implement使生效, 实施, 执行; supplement增补。句意：你比任何人都了解你自己; 除非你能将这个项目实施下去，否则就不要接管它。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题There are laws to specify the person（s） who will obtain a dead persons （ ） if no will exists.问题1选项A.heritageB.fameC.estateD.prestige【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。heritage遗产;fame名声;estate房地产, 财产;prestige威望。句意：法律规定, 如果没有遗嘱, 谁将获得死者的遗产。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题Some people want to make as much money as they can because they believe that money can bring them fame and （ ） .问题1选项A.directoryB.moralityC.prestigeD.monopoly【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。directory名录,目录;morality道德; 品行;prestige威望;声誉;monopoly垄断权。句意：有些人想尽可能多的赚钱，因为他们相信钱可以给他们带来名声和威望。选项C 符合句意。6. 单选题（ ） in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each others.问题1选项A.ManagedB.ShrunkC.AssumedD.Isolated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。manage经营, 管理; shrink收缩, 退缩; assume假设,猜想; isolate使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱 离。句意：在与世隔绝的岛上，各个部落使用的语言越来越相似。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题As many as one in four U. S. workers may be chronically angry on the job, with angry employees also more likely to be bored, have low energy and feel stuck in their posts, according to a report Tuesday. Employees are most likely to be angered by a boss or supervisor by a fellow employee or by others in the workplace not being productive, by tight deadlines or by heavy workloads, said Donald Gibson, a professor at the Yale School of Management.A turbulent economic environment that has produced, on the one hand, productivity and growth and, on the other, wrenching change and uncertainty, has buffeted the workplace, the report saiD.While a majority of employees are responding to these conditions with reports of workplace satisfaction there remain a substantial portion who are dissatisfied, even angry, at work, it addeD.Most visibly, anger is linked to workplace aggression, which appears to be increasing: We are weekly confronted with stories of workers taking aggressive, even violent, action particularly against supervisors. The survey found that 25 percent of those contacted said they were at least somewhat angry at work on a continuing basis. Angry employees tend to have less energy and interest in the job, and tend also to be bored, according to Gibson. And angry employees tend to feelstuckin the joB.The study did not speculate on what percentage of angry workers are likely to resort to violence. It did find that they feel less loyal to an employer. There have been a number of workplace shootings in the United States over the years, most recently rampages in Georgia and Alabama which left 12 dead.1.Whats the meaning of stuckin Line 2 ParA.1?2.According to the passage, the angry workers are more likely to do the following EXCEPT （ ） .3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause for anger?4.What can you infer from the passage?5.Which is best fit for the title?问题1选项A.AttractedB.TrappedC.PuzzledD.Irritated问题2选项A.quit their jobsB.feel boredomC.have less loyaltyD.resort to violence问题3选项A.Great pressure.B.Less motion.C.Fear and uncertainty.D.Quarrel with a boss or other employees.问题4选项A.A considerable number of angry workers develop their angel into aggression.B.The relationship between the worker and the boss is the primary reason for anger at work.C.Angry workers are more likely to lose their jobs than others as a result.D.Economic environment might be the root cause for the feeling of anger at work.问题5选项A.The Increasing Violence of Angry Workers.B.Chronic Anger in U. S. Workplace.C.The Cause for Angry Workers.D.The Conflict between Capital and Labor.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.语义题。根据句意, 许多工人会对工作感到厌倦、低迷, 觉得在工作中不能胜任。stuck字面意思为困住,被工作困住,意为工作使他们困惑。选项C正确。2.细节判断题。根据原文内容可知, 处于愤怒中的员工会对工作感到无聊, 忠诚度会降低, 甚至有暴力倾向。只有选项A在文中没有提及。3.细节判断题。根据第一段的最后一句Employees are most likely to be angered by a boss or supervisor by a fellow employee or by others in the workplace not being productive, by tight deadlines or by heavy workloads.员工最容易被老板或主管、同事或工作场所其他人的低效、紧迫的最后期限或沉重的工作负担激怒。只有选项B未提及。4.细节推断题。根据第二段的第一句A turbulent economic environment that has produced, on the one hand, productivity and growth and, on the other, wrenching change and uncertainty, has buffeted the workplace.经济环境一方面的改变提升了生产力, 另一方面带来了痛苦的变化和不确定性, 对职场造成了冲击。由此推断, 经济环境的改变可能是工作中产生愤怒情绪的根本原因。选项D正确。其他选项均表述错误。5.主旨大义题。本文主要分析了 angry workers出现的原因以及现状。选项B更符合原文。8. 单选题Watching news program at night has become an （ ） part of the lives of most people in big cities.问题1选项A.automotiveB.instructiveC.unconventionalD.integral【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。automotive自动的；instructive有教育意义的；unconventional不按照惯例的；integral完整的，不可或缺的。句意：晚上看新闻节目已经成为大多数城市人生活中不可或缺的一部分。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题Because of the massive oil spillage in the gulf, both the plant and animal lives in the area are in（ ） .问题1选项A.destinyB.amenityC.jeopardyD.tragedy【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。destiny命运, 天命;amenity 娱乐设施;jeopardy危险, 危难;in jeopardy指处于危险境地;tragedy灾难,悲剧。句意：由于海湾大量石油泄漏，该地区的动植物都处于危险之中。选项C正确。10. 单选题Soil （ ） is a natural process. It becomes a problem when human activity causes it to occur much faster than under natural conditions.问题1选项A.preservationB.abrasionC.erosionD.eruption【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。preservation保留，保护；abrasion磨损，损耗；erosion腐蚀，侵蚀；eruption喷发，爆发。句意：土壤侵蚀是一个自然过程。当人类活动导致它比自然条件下发生得快得多时，这就成了一个问题。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题Many important mistakes have been escaping （ ）, and a lot of money has been lost as a result.问题1选项A.detectionB.commissionC.compensationD.precaution【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。detection察觉，发觉；commission委任，佣金；compensation补偿，报酬；precaution预防，警惕。错误应该是被发现，选项A符合句意。句意：许多重要的错误都没有被发觉，因此损失了很多钱。12. 案例题A powerful personal growth tool is the 30-day trial. This is a concept I borrowed from the shareware industry, where you can （1） a trial version of a piece of software and try it out risk-free for 30 days before youre required to buy the （2） version. Its also a great way to develop new （3） , and best of all, its brain-dead simple. Lets say you want to start a new habit like an exercise program or （4） a bad habit like sucking on cancer sticks. We all know that getting （5） and sticking with the new habit for a few weeks is the hard part. Once youve overcome inertia, its much easier to keep going. Yet we often psyche ourselves out of getting started by （6） thinking about the change as something （7） before weve even begun. It seems too overwhelming to think about making a big change and （8） with it every day for the rest of your life when youre still habituated to doing the （9） . The more you think about the change as something permanent, the more you （10） where you are. But what if you thought about making the change only （11） say for 30 daysand then youre free to go back to your old habits? That doesnt seem so hard anymore. Exercise daily for just 30 days, then quit, maintain a （12） organized desk for 30 days, then slack off. Read for an hour a day for 30 days, then go back to watching TV.Could you do it? It still （13） a bit of discipline and commitment, but not nearly so much as making a permanent change. Any （14） deprivation is only temporary. You can （15） down the days to freedom. And for at least 30 days, youll gain some benefit. It,s not so baD.You can handle it. Its only one month out of your life.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Temporary download commitment neatly requirementally count opposite stay disciplinepermanent habit overcome stick adoptfull free perceive quit start【答案】1. download 2.full 3. habits 4.quit 5. started6. mentally 7. permanent 8. sticking 9. opposite 10. stay11. commitment 12. neatly 13. requires 14. perceived 15. count【解析】1.根据句意, 下载某种软件, 用 download software。2.full version指完整版。句意：下载某个软件的免费试用版使用30天后,你会被要求购买完整版。3.从下文的Let s say you want to start a new habit.可推测, 填空处也应该填入habit, 且为复数。4.quit a bad habit指改正某个坏习惯。5. 根据句意：我们都知道, 开始并坚持几个星期的新习惯是困难的。先开始才能坚持。6. 根据句子结构可知这里应该用 副词修饰 thinking, 根据上文的 psych推断mentally正确。7. 根据下文The more you think about the change as something permanent,.可知此处也应填入permanent。8. stick with坚持, 文中多次出现。9. do the opposite为固定用法, 意为背道而驰。10. 根据句意：你越认为这种改变是永久性的, 你就会在原地待得越久。这里指保持现状。11. makecommitment为固定搭配, 意为做出的承诺。12. maintain a neatly organized desk保持课桌的干净整洁。13. 根据句意：尽管它依然完成了一些纪律和承诺, 但远没有达到永久改变的程度。14. 句意：任何感知到的剥夺都只是暂时的。15. count down为固定搭配, 意为倒数。13. 单选题Arithmetic is the one fundamental science, （ ） all other physical sciences.问题1选项A.underminingB.undertakingC.underscoringD.underlying【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。undermine破坏，毁坏；undertake承担，从事；underscore强调；underlie成为的基础，位于之下。句意：算术是一门基础科学，是所有其他物理科学的基础。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题Some travelers believe carriers intentionally ground half-filled flights to cut cost, only to fill up later planes. Mysterious cancellations just rub people the wrong way. One passenger complained that an American Airlines gate agent told him he didnt have the foggiest idea why a flight had been cancelleD.Wary of lost bags and long waits at check-in and luggage carousel, many passengers try to lug as much carry-on baggage as they can, slowing boarding and increasing the stress on other passengers. Stephanie Mehas, a passenger, said, Always pack two properly sized carryons, she says, but many people come banging down the aisle with multiple bags, expecting to jam them all in the overhead bin. This can be dangerous. Falling carry-on bags annually injure thousands of passengers.As to the present situation, veteran airline observer Robert Poole contends that legislation and industry promisesare stopgaps. Greater regulation will do nothing to spur innovation, and, he notes, between 1998 and 2010, air travel in America will have expended 40 percent to one billion annual passengers, overwhelming our ready strained infrastructure. Unless the system is expended, he predicts customer service will continue its over-all downward trend.The ultimate solution, says Poole, is to complete the unfinished revolution that began in 1978 with government deregulation of airline routes and fares. Poole believes that the antiquated, overly bureaucratic air-traffic-control system could be privatized, following the successful model of Nav Canada, which uses high-tech equipment and modern administrative procedure. Another innovation that has shown great promise abroad is smaller, privately owned airports offering point-to-point service using new fuel-efficient jets. More of these airports will relieve the pressure on the big airports, but put pressure on the carriers to improve.1.The sentence . didnt have the foggiest idea in Line 3 means （ ） .2.Too much hand baggage can cause some problems EXCEPT （ ） .3.In Pooles view, which of the following will do for a change?4.Besides privatization, Poole also puts forward another solution, that is（ ）5.Which of the following best fits for the title?问题1选项A.he didnt knowB.he knew, but couldnt sayC.be vaguely knewD.he was not in a position to know试题分析问题2选项A.safety problems on board the planeB.more time in boardingC.pressure on other passengersD.disorder on the plane问题3选项A.Legislation.B.Industry commitment.C.Regulation.D.Expansion of the present system.问题4选项A.more use of jetsB.less restriction on routes and faresC.the adoption of high-tech equipmentD.establishment of secondary airports问题5选项A.The Airlines Are in TroubleB.The Inefficiency of the AirlinesC.Problems and Solutions for the AirlinesD.The System of the Airlines Should Change【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节推斷题。foggiest的原形是foggy, 意为模糊的。这句话的意思是,哪怕是模糊的信息都不清楚,也就是一点都不知道的意思。选项A正确。2.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容可知, 行李过多会导致登机速度更慢, 也增加了其他乘客的压力。放在行李架上也会有掉落的风险从而伤到其他人, 所以选项A, B, C均正确, 只有选项D未提及。3.细节推断题。根据题干关键词 Poole定位到第二段。根据第三句Unless the system is expended, he predicts customer service will continue its over-all downward trend.他预计, 除非该系统得到扩展, 否则客户服务将继续全面下滑。选项D符合原文。4.细节推断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句Another innovation that has shown great promise abroad is smaller, privately owned airports offering point-to-point service using new fuel-efficient jets.。另一项在海外表现出巨大前景的创新是小型私人机场, 它们使用新型节油飞机提供点对点服务。选项A正确。5.主旨大义题。本文讲述了航天系统所岀现的问题及其解决策略。选项C符合文章主旨。15. 单选题Both sides at the conflict have agreed temporarily to （ ） hostilities.问题1选项A.suspendB.reconcileC.compromiseD.negotiate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Suspend延缓,推迟; reconcile使一致,使和解;compromise妥协,和解; negotiate谈判,交涉。句意：冲突双方已同意暂时停止敌对行动。选项A符合句意 。16. 单选题Though this book was written more than 50 years ago, it has a relatively contemporary appeal, and its （ ） plotting will amuse mystery lovers.问题1选项A.intricateB.disparateC.compassionateD.passionate【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。intricate错综复杂的；disparate不同的，迥异的，不相干的；compassionate慈悲的，富有同情心的；passionate热情的，充满激情的。句意：虽然这本书是50多年前写的，但它具有相对现代的吸引力，其错综复杂的情节会让神秘爱好者感到有趣。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题It is very kind of you to offer, but any more pudding would simply be （ ） .问题1选项A.exceptionalB.excessiveC.abundantD.ample【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。exceptional例外的;异常的; excessive过多的;极度的; abundant丰富的,多产的; ample丰富的,足够的。句意：你给的刚刚好, 再多一点布丁都显得太过分了。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题In the professions where women （ ） numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.问题1选项A.tolerateB.integrateC.predominateD.accumulate【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使.完整；predominate支配，主导，在.中占优势；accumulate 累积，积聚。句意：在妇女数量上占优势的职位中，期望她们担任高级职位也是合情合理的。所以选项C符合句意。19. 单选题To maintain a leading position in the market, companies have to develop products which are cheaper, more（ ） and more reliable than those of their competitors.问题1选项A.innovativeB.commensurateC.enlighteningD.legitimate【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。innovative创新的，革新的；commensurate相称的，同量的；enlightening富有启发的；legitimate合法的，合理的，正当的。句意：为了在市场上保持领先地位，公司必须开发出比竞争对手更便宜、更创新、更可靠的产品。选项A符合句意。20. 单选题Such occupations were so （ ） as to be unworthy of his full attention.问题1选项A.triggeringB.triplingC.triflingD.trembling【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。triggering触发，启动； tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling发抖的，战栗的。根据下句可推测出，选项C更符合句意。句意：这些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神贯注。