2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷97

2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题In his will, the millionaire（ ）nearly all his fortunes to the housemaid who took care of him in his last days.问题1选项A.inheritedB.bequeathedC.owedD.remitted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。inherit “继承（遗产）等”；bequeath “将（财物等）遗赠给”；owe “感恩；亏欠”；remit “宽恕；汇款”。句意：在他的遗嘱中，这个百万富翁将他几乎全部的财产留给了在他最后日子里照顾他的女佣。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题The mother was（ ）with grief when she heard that her child was dead.问题1选项A.fantasticB.frankC.franticD.frenzy【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。fantastic “奇异的；古怪的”；frank “坦白的，直率的”；frantic “狂乱的，疯狂的”；frenzy “狂暴；狂怒”。句意：当那位母亲得知她的孩子死了，悲痛到疯了。Be frantic with “因而疯狂”。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题As a young man, John was fascinated by movies. He would often see four or five films a week. His interest in them waned in his late twenties, when he began to spend a lot of time outdoors.问题1选项A.As a young manB.would often seeC.in his late twentiesD.when he began to spend a lot of time outdoorsE.没有问题【答案】D【解析】短语误用。began to spend改成began spending。表示开始一种新习惯时，应使用begin doing的形式4. 单选题With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very （ ） for the nineteenth-century factory workers.问题1选项A.hostileB.anxiousC.tediousD.obscure【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。hostile敌对的;anxious焦虑的;tedious单调乏味的, 沉闷的;obscure模糊的, 隐蔽的。句意：对于19世纪的工厂工人来说, 一周工作80个小时, 几乎没有什么乐趣, 生活一定很乏味。选项C更符合句意。5. 单选题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.It doesnt seem to offer as much freedom as he anticipated.B.It isnt so motivating as he believed.C.It isnt so enjoyable as he expected.D.It doesnt enable him to earn as much money as he used to.问题2选项A.Few of them are aware of their employees feelings.B.Not all of them care about their employees behaviors.C.Not all of them know how to motivate their employees.D.Few of them offer praise and reward to their employees.问题3选项A.Self-awareness.B.Autonomy.C.Job satisfaction.D.Money.问题4选项A.The importance of cultivating close relationships with clients.B.The way to explore employees interests and talents.C.The advantages of permanent full-time employment.D.The need for getting recommendations from their managers.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】Conversation TwoW: How do you like being self-employed?M: There are obvious benefits, 5 though I dont seem to have the freedom I anticipated as I just dont seem able to decline work offers. And working alone, there have been times when Ive found that money alone provides insufficient motivation. Have you experienced the same since you began working for yourself?W: Sometimes, yes, unlike the rest of the workforce who have managers to prompt motivation whenever theyre feeling lazy or bored, we self-employed workers perform our jobs without a manager to lift our spirits. Theres no one around to offer praise or initiate collaboration, no one to make greater use of our interests and talents.M: Thats a fact. Not every manager behaves with such awareness and care of course, 6 and certainly not all managers have a clue how to motivate people. Still, having a manager nearby at least indicates theres an opportunity: therell be decent enough to look out for you when your energy and focus begin to deplete.W: 7 The motivator I value most is autonomy. Ive learned not to sacrifice my prized autonomy by working all hours of the day, and by saying yes to every clients request.M: 7 Yes, I need to remind myself that I selected this lifestyle for the independence. I dont miss aspects of permanent full-time employment I disliked, such as the office politics, job insecurity, inflexible hours and so on. I wouldnt mind a bit more in the form of praise though, praise which is on the record.W: Thatll come with time. Relatedness is inevitably cultivated via human interaction, engaging with clients, getting written testimony and recommendations, staying in contact with clients afterwards. These are things youll find will come in due course and provide you with motivation.M: Youre right. Thats an area I do need to put some more effort into8 building closer relationships with those who engage my services and skills.5. What does the man say about his life of being self-employed?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问的是男士对自己的自主创业生活的看法。录音中提及男士似乎并未享受到他所期待的那种自由，因为他没办法拒绝工作邀约。由此可知，男士的自主创业生活并没有他所期望的那样自由自在，因此A选项正确。B选项“这并不像他所认为的那样能够调动积极性”，主要是利用motivation设置干扰，录音中男士说的是对于自主创业来说，有时候光靠钱并不能给人带来足够的动力，但并没有说过他曾认为自主创业能充分调动积极性，因此B选项不正确；C选项“这不如他所预期的那样有趣”和D选项“这使他不能像以前那样挣那么多钱了”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。6. What does the man say about managers?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是男士对管理者的看法。录音中男士提及，不是所有管理者都懂得如何去激励员工（not all managers have a clue how to motivate people），C选项是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“他们中很少有人意识到员工的感受”和B选项“不是所有管理者都在意员工的行为举止”在录音中并没有提及；D选项“他们中很少有人赞扬和奖励员工”，录音中男士提及的是并非所有管理者都知道如何激励自己的员工，但并没有说很少有管理者去赞扬和奖励员工，属于过度推断，因此排除。7. What do both speakers value most about self-employment?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问对于自主创业，两位说话者最看重的是什么? 在讨论自主创业的驱动力或激励因素（motivator）时，女士先表示她最看重自主性（autonomy）。男士接着用Yes表示赞同，因此B选项“自主性”正确。A选项“自我意识”和C选项“工作满足感”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“金钱”只是男士提到的其中一个因素，女士并未提及，而且男士说只有金钱作为驱动力是不够的，也就是说他最看重的并非是金钱，因此可排除。8. On what point does the man agree with the woman?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问男士在哪一点上与女士意见一致。录音的结尾部分，女士表示，工作中的相互关系是通过与客户来往并保持联系培养起来的，而这最终会带来工作上的动力。然后男士说“你说得对”，并表示要努力与他的服务对象建立更密切的关系， 由此可知，双方一致认可与客户建立密切关系的重要性，因此A选项正确。B选项“挖掘员工兴趣和才能的方法”；C选项“长期全职工作的好处”和D选项“（员工）从管理者那里获取建议的需求”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。6. 单选题With more than 150 miles of virtually no waterfalls or rapids, the Hudson River extends inland from（ ）, the Atlantic Ocean.问题1选项A.the source ofB.where its sourceC.its sourceD.from which its source is【答案】C【解析】语法（同位语）题。分析题干可知，空格后的the Atlantic Ocean是空格的同位语，所以排除A选项和D选项;B选项的its为物主代词，与后面的名词source构成主语，那就缺少谓语成分，所以B选项排除，所以答案为C选项。7. 单选题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.The womans earnings over the years.B.The key to running a shop at a low cost.C.The business success of the womans shop.D.The womans relationship with other shops.问题2选项A.Keep down its expenses.B.Improve its customer service.C.Expand its business scale.D.Upgrade the goods it sells.问题3选项A.They are in great demand.B.They are delivered free of charge.C.They are very popular with the local residents.D.They are sold at lower prices than in other shops.问题4选项A.To maintain friendly relationships with other shops.B.To avoid being put out of business in competition.C.To attract more customers in the neighborhood.D.To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】Conversation TwoM: 5 You say your shop has been doing well. Could you give me some idea of what doing well means in facts and figures?W: Well, doing well means averaging 1,200 pounds or more a week for about 7 years, making almost a quarter of a million pounds. And doing well means your earnings are rising. Last year we did slightly over 50,000 and this year we hope to do more than 60,000. So thats good if we continue to rise.M: Now thats growth on earnings I assume. What about your expenses?W: Yes, thats growth. The expenses of course go up steadily. And since weve moved to this new shop, the expenses have increased greatly because its a much bigger shop. So I couldnt say exactly what our expenses are. Theres something in the region of 6 or 7 thousand pounds a year, which is not highcommercially speaking, its very low. 6 And we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.M: 7 And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about. How do the local shopkeepers feel about having a shop doing so well in their midst?W: Perhaps a lot of them dont realize how well were doing because we dont make a point of publicizing. That was a lesson weve learned very early on. We were very friendly with all local shop- keepers and we have been to mention to a local shopkeeper how much we have made that week. He was very unhappy and never as friendly again. So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of the money we make. But were on very good terms with all the shops; none of them have ever complained that were putting them out of business or anything like that. I think its a nice funny relationship. 8 Maybe if they did know what we made, perhaps they wouldnt be so friendly.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么？在录音开头，男士就问女士能否用事实和数据来说明她的店铺经营良好。接下来女士从盈利、开支、与其他店主之间的关系三方面进行阐述。C选项“女士店铺的成功经营”最能概括对话的主要内容，因此正确。A选项“这些年女士的收入”和D选项“女士与其他店铺的关系”虽然在录音中有提及，但只是女士在讲述其店铺经营时的一些具体方面，并不是对话的主题，因此可排除；B选项“低成本经营店铺的关键因素”在录音中并没有信息提及。6. What does the woman say her shop tries to do?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问女士说她的店铺试图做什么？男士问到女士店铺的开支时，女士提到其店铺在该地区一年要支出6000至7000英镑，但其实并不算多，接着还说他们会尽可能降低开支（we try to keep our expenses as low as we can）。A选项“降低其开支”是对录音原文的同义替换，因此正确。B选项“改善顾客服务质量”；C选项“扩大业务规模”和D选项“升级销售的产品”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。7. What do we learn about goods sold at the womans shop?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于女士店铺出售的商品，我们了解到什么？根据录音中，男士向女士问的最后一个问题：同样的商品，女士店铺里销售的要比附近其他商店价格要低很多，附近的商店对女士店铺经营得如此好是怎么看的。由此可知，D选项“它们的售价比其他 店铺低”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它们的需求量很大”；B选项“它们免费送货”和C选项“它们很受当地居民的欢迎”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。8. Why doesnt the woman want to make known their earnings anymore?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问为什么这位女士不想让别人知道他们的收入了？录音中提及女士的店铺曾向当地的店主提及赚了多少钱，使得与其他店主关系变差了，因此他们不再公布自己的收入了。由此可推测，女士不宣扬其店铺收入是想与其他店主保持良好的关系。因此A选项“与其他商店保持友好关系”正确。B选项“避免在商业竞争中被淘汰”；C选项“为了吸引更多附近的客户”和D选项“跟随当地店主的习惯做法”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。8. 单选题She walked round to the（ ）of the car and stood silently while he undid the boot and picked up her bag.问题1选项A.reamB.ranchC.rearD.realm【答案】C【解析】考察形近词辨析。ream “令（纸张的计数单位），大量”；ranch “大农场，大牧场”；rear “后面，屁股，后方部队”；realm “领域，范围，王国”。句意：她围绕着车后方走 。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.They have to learn how to avoid body contact.B.They need to keep moving to avoid getting hurt.C.They believe in team spirit for good performance.D.They are likely to get injured when moving too fast.问题2选项A.They keep themselves busy even after retirement.B.They do not start enjoying life until full retirement.C.They tend to live a longer life with early retirement.D.They do not have many years to live after retirement.问题3选项A.It slows down our aging process.B.It prevents us from worrying.C.It enables us to accomplish more in life.D.It provides us with more chances to learn.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B【解析】Passage OneRelated to the “use it or lose it” law is the “keep moving” principle. We learn about stagnation from nature. A river that stops moving gets smelly. The same thing happens to people who stop moving, either mentally or physically. 9 Those who play contact sports know that the player who usually gets hurt the most is the one who is standing still. Of course, youll need some time to catch your breath every so often, but the essential massage is keep moving, extending and learning. Ships last a lot longer when they go to sea than when they stay in the harbor. The same is true for airplanes. You dont preserve an airplane by keeping it on the ground. You preserve it by keeping it in service. We also get to live a long healthy life by staying in service. 10 Longevity statistics reveal that the average person doesnt last very long after retirement. The more well hear is dont retire. If a fellow says “Im 94 years old and I worked all my life”, we need to realize, that is how he got to be 94, by staying involved. George Bernard Shaw won a Nobel Prize when he was nearly 70. Benjamin Franklin produced some of his best writings at the age of 84, and Pablo Picasso put brush to canvas right through his eighties. Isnt the issue how old we think we are? 11 A bonus with the “keep moving” principle is that while we keep moving, we dont have a chance to worry. Hence, we avoid the dreaded paralysis by analysis.9. What does the speaker say about players of contact sports?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问关于接触式运动的运动员，说话者说了什么？录音开头提到，从事接触式运动的人都知道，受伤最严重的往往是那些站着不动的人。B选项“他们需要保持移动以免受伤”是此处的同义表述，因此B选项正确。录音中提及接触式运动是不可能避免身体接触的，因此A选项“他们必须学会如何避免身体接触”不正确；C选项“他们相信有团队精神才能取得好成绩”在录音中没有提及；录音中强调的是站着不动的人往往受伤最严重，因此D选项“移动速度过快时可能受伤”不正确。10. What do longevity statistics reveal about the average person?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问寿命统计数据揭示了普通人的什么？录音提到，寿命统计数据显示，一般人退休后活不了多久（the average person doesnt last very long after retirement）。因此D选项“他们退休后没有多少年的生活时间”正确。本题的干扰项是A选项，录音中有提到几位名人在很大的年纪也一直忙个不停，但并没有说这是一般人退休后的状态，因此A选项不正确；B选项“他们直到完全退休后才开始享受生活”和C选项“提前退休他们往往寿命更长”在录音中均没有提及，因此可排除。11. What bonus does the “keep moving” principle bring us according to the speaker?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问“不断前进”的原则能给我们带来什么好处？录音最后部分提到：“不断前进”原则的一个好处是，当我们不断前进时，我们没有机会担忧（we dont have a chance to worry），B选项是此处的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“它减缓了我们的衰老过程”和C选项“它使我们能够在生活中取得更多成就”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“它为我们提供了更多的学习机会”主要是a chance造成了干扰，录音中说的是a chance to worry，并不是chances to learn，因此不正确。10. 单选题Science suggests that the greater part of an optimistic outlook can be （ ）with the right instruction.问题1选项A.acquiredB.imposedC.tracedD.fabricated【答案】A【解析】考察动词辨析。acquired获得； imposed强加；traced追踪；fabricated伪造。句意：科学表明乐观的前景大都可以通过正确的教导获得。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps（ ）rigid departmental boundaries.问题1选项A.pass overB.stand forC.break downD.set off【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。pass over “越过，忽略”；stand for “代表，支持”；break down “分解，失败”；set off “出发，引起”。句意：这种方法迫使经理们相互交流，并且有助于跨越严格的部门界限。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.She called on the man.B.She went to the bank.C.She made a business plan.D.She paid her mortgage.问题2选项A.She didnt pay her mortgage in time.B.She had apparently asked for too much.C.Her credit history was considered poor.D.Her previous debt hadnt been cleared yet.问题3选项A.Start her own business.B.Buy a piece of property.C.Pay a debt long overdue.D.Check her credit history.问题4选项A.Build up her own finances step by step.B.Revise her business proposal carefully.C.Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.D.Seek advice from an expert about fundraising.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】Conversation TwoM: 5 How did it go at the bank this morning?W: Not well, my proposal was rejected.M: Really, but why?W: Bunch of reasons. For starters, 6 they said my credit history was not good enough.M: Do they say how you could improve that?W: Yes, they said that after five more years of paying my mortgage, then I will become a more viable candidate for a business loan. But right now, its too risky for them to lend me money. They fear I will default on any business loan Im given.M: Well, that doesnt sound fair. Your business idea is amazing. Did you show them your business plan?What did they say?W: They didnt really articulate any position regarding the actual business plan. They simply looked at my credit history and determined it was not good enough. They said the bank has strict guidelines and requirements as to who they can lend money to. And I simply dont meet their financial threshold.M: What if you ask for a smaller amount? 8 Maybe you could gather capital from other sources, smaller loans from more lenders?W: You dont get it. It doesnt matter the size of the loan I ask for or the type of business I propose. Thats all inconsequential. The first thing every bank will do is studying how much money I have and how much debt I have before they decide whether or not to lend me any more money. 7 If I want to continue ahead with this dream of owning my own business, I have no other choice but to build up my own finances. I need around 20% more in personal savings and 50% less debt. Thats all there is to it.M: I see now. Well, its a huge pity that they rejected your request, but dont lose hope. I still think that your idea is great and that you will turn it into a phenomenal success.5. What did the woman do this morning?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问女士今天早上做了什么？对话开头， 男士就问今天早上去银行怎么样，女士回答说不太好，由此可知，B选项“她去了银行”正确。A选项“她拜访了男士”在录音中未提及；C选项“她制定了一个商业计划”，利用录音中的business plan设干扰，录音确实提到女士做了商业计划，但未明确商业计划是何时做的，因此C选项不正确；D选项“她付清按揭贷款”，录音中有提到paying my mortgage，但说的是女士还了5年的按揭贷款后，就更有可能申请商业贷款，这只是银行给的建议，并不是女士今天早上做的事情，因此D选项不正确。6. Why was the womans proposal rejected?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问为什么女士的提议被拒绝了？女士提到提议被拒绝的原因首先是银行说她的信用记录不够好，因此C选项“她的信用记录被认为很差”正确。A选项“她没有及时偿还按揭贷款”在录音中没有提及；B选项“她显然要求太多了”，录音中提到与女士要求的贷款规模或提议的业务类型无关，这都是无关紧要的，由此可知，B选项不正确；D选项“她以前的债务还没还清”，录音中说到女士需要多20%的个人储蓄，少50%的债务，也就是说她被拒绝的原因不仅仅是债务未还清，因此D选项不选。7. What is the woman planning to do?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问女士打算做什么？女士提到如果她想实现“拥有自己的公司”这个梦想，别无选择，只能增强自己的财力。由此可知女士是打算“自己开公司”，因此A选项正确。B选项“买一处房产”中的a piece of property和C选项“支付拖欠已久的债务”中的long overdue在录音中均未提及；D选项“检查她的信用记录”也没有信息表明，因此不正确。8. What does the man suggest the woman do?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问男士建议女士做什么？录音中男士建议女士或许可以从其他渠道筹集资金，从更多的贷款人那里获得多笔小额贷款，C选项“向不同的贷款人申请小额贷款”与录音表述一致，因此正确。A选项“逐步增强她自己的财力”利用录音中的build up my own finances作干扰，这是女士自己的打算，并不是男士的建议；B选项“仔细修改她的商业计划书”和D选项“向专家寻求关于筹款的建议”在录音中均未提及。13. 单选题The problem with employing（ ）people is that they often dont stay in the job for long.问题1选项A.overpricedB.overqualifiedC.overratedD.overwhelmed【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。overpriced “定价过高的”；overqualified “资历过高的，条件太好的”；overrated “评价过高的，高估的”；overwhelmed “不堪重负的，受宠若惊的”。句意：招聘那些不堪重负的人的问题就是这些人不会在工作岗位上待太久。选项D符合题意。14. 单选题The development of staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplace can be effectively（ ）by the use of humor.问题1选项A.acquaintedB.installedC.regulatedD.facilitated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。acquaint “使熟悉”；install “安装”；regulate “调节”；facilitate “促进”。句意：幽默可以有效促进职场员工的凝聚力发展和团队合作意识。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题The aim of the presidents speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the great necessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that（ ）terrorists.问题1选项A.kidnappedB.harassedC.heckledD.harbored【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。kidnap “绑架”；harass “扰乱，使烦恼”；heckle “诘问，责问”；harbor “庇护”。句意：总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信，强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.He found there had been little research on their language.B.He was trying to preserve the languages of the Indian tribes.C.His contact with a social worker had greatly aroused his interest in the tribe.D.His meeting with Gonzalez had made him eager to learn more about the tribe.问题2选项A.He taught Copeland to speak the Tarahumaras language.B.He persuaded the Tarahumaras to accept Copelands gifts.C.He recommended one of his best friends as an interpreter.D.He acted as an intermediary between Copeland and the villagers.问题3选项A.Unpredictable.B.Unjustifiable.C.Laborious.D.Tedious.问题4选项A.Their appreciation of help from the outsiders.B.Their sense of sharing and caring.C.Their readiness to adapt to technology.D.Their belief in creating wealth for themselves.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】Passage TwoThe idea to study the American Indian tribe, Tarahumaras, came to James Copeland in 1984, 12 when he discovered that very little research had been done on their language. He contacted a tribe member through a social worker who worked with the tribesmen in Mexico. At first, the tribe member, named Gonzalez, was very reluctant to cooperate. He told Copeland that no amount of money could buy his language. But after Copeland explained to him what he intended to do with his research and how it would benefit the Tarahumaras, Gonzalez agreed to help. 13