2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷83

2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The Republican landslide in the 2010 mid-terms swept a new breed of conservative zealot into office, destroying the middle ground and making legislating next to impossible.问题1选项A.sensationB.teeteringC.fanaticD.prod【答案】C【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项sensation“感觉，轰动，感动”；B选项teeter“跷跷板，摇摆不定”；C选项fanatic“狂热入迷者，狂热分子，盲信者”；D选项prod“戳，捅，刺戳的工具，刺激，提醒”。句意：共和党在2010年中期选举中取得压倒性胜利，将一批新一代的保守狂热分子推上了白宫，摧毁了中间立场，使得立法几乎不可能。Zealot“狂热者，犹太教狂热信徒”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题New philanthropists also tend to stay closely involved in the foundations they set up rather than just bankrolling an organization.问题1选项A.subsidizingB.formentingC.cruciformingD.ideating【答案】A【解析】考查近义动词辨析。A选项subsidizing“资助；给予奖助金；向行贿”；B选项formenting不存在；C选项cruciform / cruciforming“（adj.） 十字形的；十字架状的”；D选项ideating“形成概念；想象，设想”。句意：新的慈善家也倾向于密切参与他们建立的基金会，而不仅仅是资助一个组织。bankroll“提供资金；提供财务上的资助”，A选项与该词词意最相近，因此A选项正确。3. 单选题（ ）is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.问题1选项A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As【答案】D【解析】考查as的用法。as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，意为“如一样，像一样”等；as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面。句意：人们普遍认为，经济的增长取决于生产的顺利发展。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Beneath the rhetoric about who is practicing a purer form of the sport is a nasty battle over who will dominate access to the rocksaficionados of “sport”.问题1选项A.creatorsB.enthusiastsC.organizersD.advocators【答案】B【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项creators“创作者，造物主”；B选项enthusiasts“热心人，热衷者，狂热者”；C选项organizers“主办单位，举办方，举办者”；D选项advocator“提倡者，拥护者”。句意：在关于谁在练习一种更纯粹的运动形式的言辞背后，是一场关于谁将主导进入岩石运动的恶战“体育”的狂热者。Aficionados“迷，狂热爱好者”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。5. 单选题I tried in vain to（ ）the man the slip.问题1选项A.giveB.omitC.offerD.serve【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项give“给；产生；让步；举办；授予”；B选项omit“省略；遗漏；删除；疏忽；没做”；C选项offer“提供；出价；试图；意图；录取通知书”；D选项serve“招待，供应；为服务；对有用；可作用”。根据固定搭配give somebody the slip“趁某人不备时溜掉”可知该题选give。句意：我试图甩掉那个人，但没有成功。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题It is fashionable in the sixties but definitely passe in the eighties.问题1选项A.clivoseB.demodeC.abrimD.xenial【答案】B【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项clivose“小山的，丘陵的”；B选项demode“陈旧的；老式的”；C选项abrim“充满着的”；D选项xenial“主客关系的；款待的”。句意：那在六十年代是时髦的，但在八十年代肯定是过时了。passe“已过盛年的；过时的；凋谢的”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。7. 单选题I would rather have his（ ）than his company.问题1选项A.roomB.houseC.coatD.assets【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项room“房间；空间；余地；机会；房间里所有的人”；B选项house“住宅；家庭；机构；议会；某种用途的建筑物”；C选项coat“外套；上衣；大衣；女大衣”；D选项assets“资产；宝贵的人才；有益的品质； 财产；有利条件；有价值的人或物”。rather have ones room than his company“不愿与某人结伴为伍”，与prefer ones room to his company同义。句意：我不愿与他结伴为伍。8. 单选题Price touched something near（ ）bottom this year.问题1选项A.capB.waterC.rockD.pot【答案】C【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项cap“盖；帽子；脱帽致意；覆盖；胜过；给戴帽；加盖于”；B选项water“水；海水；雨水；海域，大片的水”；C选项rock“岩石；摇滚乐；暗礁；摇晃”；D选项pot“壶；盆；罐；把装罐；射击；节略”。根据固定搭配rock bottom“最低点；受挫”可知该题选rock。句意：这一年物价接近低谷。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题It only took a few seconds for her to size（ ）the situation.问题1选项A.overB.upC.onD.to【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语搭配。根据题干可知考查size up“打量；估计的大小；判断”，其他的选项都没有这种搭配。句意：她只花了几秒钟审时度势。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题Barack Obama revs up on the environment by letting states set car-emissions standards.问题1选项A.lands upB.botches upC.starts upD.sharks up【答案】C【解析】考查近义短语辨析。A选项land up“到达终点；最终成为；使淤塞”；B选项botch up“搞坏；弄糟”；C选项start up“开始；发动；突然站起；突然出现”；D选项shark up“敲诈”。句意：巴拉克奥巴马（Barack Obama）通过让各州设定汽车排放标准来加速环境保护。rev up“使更活跃；使快转；加速”。与该词组意思最接近的是C选项，因此C选项正确。11. 单选题I quiz myself once in a while: How many official South African languages can I name? There are eleven-Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulubut I usually get（1）around six or seven. I often wonder how the South African government can（2）them all. It turns out that they really cant.Many languages are regulated by some kind of authority, such as Spains Real Academia Espanola (a government body) or Frances Academie Francaise (more of an outside advisor). South Africas eleven languages are all regulated by the chronically underfunded Pan South African Language Board, a governmental department. English is in no danger, of course. Afrikaans is mostly regulated by a separate body. As a result, PanSALB concerns itself mostly（3）the nine official Bantu languages, as well as Khoi, San and South African Sign Language.I wrote last week that literature in southern African languages is（4）before ever having a chance to be（5）. Yes, there are social and historical reasons why literature development has been（6）. But some blame rests（7）PanSALB, the sole institution dedicated to these languages. It is repeatedly accused of corruption and mismanagement. During a recent inquiry, it was uncooperative. The parliaments culture committee has voted to reduce funding for PanSALB until it “got its house in（8）”, after wondering aloud in April how its budget of 56m rand ($6. 9m) produced so little. Thandile Sunduza, the chairwoman of the committee, thinks it best to eliminate PanSALB altogether, saying in May “There is nothing that has been done-no program, nothing, any money. There is nothing.”To be sure, mismanagement is（9）in South Africas government. Even if PanSALB were able to produce textbooks in, say, Pedi, recent events suggest that they would never（10）it to Pedi-speaking students in Limpopo province. But for infant literatures, PanSALBs incompetence could be fatal. PanSALB is the only major funding and support lifeline for many South African languages.问题1选项A.stuckB.caughtC./D.mad问题2选项A.keep an eye onB.keep an eye atC.keep track ofD.keep track on问题3选项A.toB.onC.withD.of问题4选项A.slowB.sickC.boomingD.decent问题5选项A.goodB.healthyC.vulgarD.popular问题6选项A.downB.goneC.slowD.developed问题7选项A.withB.toC.onD.upon问题8选项A.orderB.timeC.financeD.full问题9选项A.rareB.respectedC.dissectedD.endemic问题10选项A.makeB.bringC.takeD.seek【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:A第9题:D第10题:A【解析】1.考查动词辨析。A选项get stuck“被卡住”；B选项get caught“被抓到，被捕”；D选项get mad“变得着迷”。句意：有十一种南非语言南非荷兰语、英语，但我通常_六、七种。由此可知虽然有十一种语言，但作者不能记住全部，在6、7种的时候就卡住了，因此A选项正确。2.考查固定搭配。A选项keep an eye on“照看，留意，密切注视”；B选项keep an eye at“密切关注”；C选项keep track of“记录，与保持联系”；D选项keep track on“监控”。句意：我常常想南非政府怎么能_这十一种语言。然而事实证明，他们也不能。根据句意可知该处填记录更符合文意，因此C选项正确。3.考查固定搭配。由句子可知空格处应填与concern搭配的介词，关于concern的搭配有：concern with“与有关，关心”；concern on“关注”。句意：因此，语言委员会主要关心的是九种班图官方语言，以及霍伊语、桑语和南非手语。因此C选项正确。4.考查形容词辨析。A选项slow“慢的，减速的，迟钝的”；B选项sick“厌恶的，病态的，不舒服，渴望的，恶心的，生病的”；C选项booming“飞速发展的，繁荣的，（声音）低沉洪亮的，奋力撞击的”；D选项decent“正派的，得体的，相当好的”。由下文第二句中的blame（指责）在于/取决于可知前文情感基调是想表明在南非语言有一个健康发展的机会之前，其发展状况并不乐观。因此B选项正确。5.考查上下文语义。联系59题可知，在南非语言有一个健康发展的机会之前，其发展状况并不乐观。所以该空应填与sick相对应的词，因此B选项正确。6.考查形容词辨析。A选项down“不高兴的，情绪低落的”；B选项gone“离去的，死去的，神情恍惚的，无望的，很棒的”；C选项slow“慢的，减速的，迟钝的”；D选项developed“发达的（国家或地区），成熟的”。句意：文学语言发展_有历史和社会原因。根据上文可知该空应填的词义为“缓慢”，因此C选项正确。7.考查固定搭配。rest with“在于/取决于”。句意：但有些人要怪罪于唯一致力于这些语言的机构语言委员会。因此A选项正确。8.考查固定搭配。A选项in order“整齐，秩序井然，按顺序，状况良好”；B选项in time“及时，适时”；C选项finance“财政，财政学，金融”；D选项in full“全部，全额，充足”。文中是指该组委会应该清理干净自己的房子，即将自身腐败和管理不善的问题逐一解决。因此A选项正确。9.考查形容词辨析。A选项rare“稀有的，稀薄的，半熟的”；B选项respected“受尊敬的”；C选项dissected“切开的，分开的，多裂的”；D选项endemic“地方性的，风土的”。句意：很肯定的是，管理不善这一问题是南非政府的一项地方性通病。因此D选项正确。10.考查上下文语义。上文说到语言委员会有能力为说佩迪语言的学生制作教材，但是最近的事件表明他们不会给林波波省那些说佩迪语言的学生制作学习教材。因此A选项正确。12. 单选题Legislative success will come if Mr. Obama is skillful politically and is able to wrangle support（ ）key legislators（ ）key moments in the process.问题1选项A.from, atB.between, andC.from, toD.out of, on【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。support from“来自的支持”，support from key legislators“来自主要议员的支持”；at key moment“在关键时刻”，因此A选项正确。13. 单选题Nicks new novel proves he isnt just a flash in the（ ）.问题1选项A.skyB.panC.houseD.dark【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语搭配。a flash in the pan“昙花一现，转瞬即逝，多用来形容某事持续时间短”。句意：尼克的新小说证明他并不是昙花一现。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题For the success of the project, the company should（ ）the most of the opportunities at hand.问题1选项A.obtainB.graspC.catchD.make【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obtain“获得；流行”；B选项grasp“抓牢，握紧；试图抓住；理解，领悟；毫不犹豫地抓住（机会）”；C选项catch“ 赶上；抓住；感染；了解”；D选项make“使得；进行；布置，准备，整理；制造；认为；获得；形成；安排；引起”。seize /grasp/grab/take the opportunity“抓住机会”，句中的the most of修饰the opportunities，可视为should grasp (the most of) the opportunities。句意：为了项目的成功，公司应该抓住大部分到手的机会。因此B选项正确。15. 单选题Ten years of living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or A.L.S, progressive, paralyzing disease, have stilled nearly every muscle; Dr. Jules Lodish types with twitches of his cheek, detected by a sensor clipped to this glasses. But when people ask him how he feels about his life, Dr. Lodish, his eyes expressing the intensity denied to his body, responds: “I still look forward today.”A.L.S. or Lou Gehrigs disease, is often described as a kind of living death in, which the body goes flaccid while mind remains intact and acutely aware. The prospect of being trapped in an inert body and being totally dependent on others drives many sufferers to suicide.When Attorney General John Ashcroft attacked an Oregon law allowing doctor-assisted suicide in 2001a case that is still working its ways through the legal systempatients with the disease were among those who supported the law in court.But while the legal case and much of the national attention have focused on the issue of the right to die, less is known about those patients who want to live, and like Dr. Lodish, will go to extraordinary lengths to do so.With adequate medical care, patients often can live for years relatively free of physical pain from the disease itself. “Its more a sort of existential, psychic sort of pain,” said Dr. Leo McCluskey, a neurologist in Philadelphia who treats many people with the disease.As a result, patients and their families are forced, on a daily basis, to take stock of the meaning and quality of their lives and to make repeated decisions about how much is too much.“With A.L.S., you have a choice about when to stop treatment, letting nature take its course.” said Dr. Linda Ganzini, a professor of psychiatry at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, who has studied patients making end-of-life decisions.What keeps many patients alive, experts say, is a sense of having unfinished businessperhaps a milestone “like getting the last kid off to college” said Dr. Mellar P. Davis, a professor hematology and medical oncology at the Cleveland Clinic.Those patients who do best are those who have insurance that covers nursing and medical care, allowing them to avoid some of the major health risks associated with the disease, and family members who can cover the hours when expert help is unavailable.Many patients, Dr. Ganzini said, have deep religious beliefs that help sustain them, and they are able, “to find hope in the future, find meaning and tolerate the daily ongoing losses that they are experiencing.”Dr. Lodishs body sits limp in a wheelchair and his tongue lolls; a machine breathes for him through a tracheostomy tube in his throat. He lost the ability to talk more than three years ago, he says, then jokes, “But not the ability to be annoying.”There are no half measures for Dr. Lodish, a hematologist who devised his own intricately detailed treatment regimen. He wrote a 30-page guide for his nurses that sets standards for a sterile environment that go beyond hospital practices, rules that have helped him avoid the infections that kill many patients. When he could no longer eat, he did the research to come up with a recipe for the nutrient blend that flows down his feeding tubeeven determining that the ingredients were kosherand he typed the two-page guide to its preparation, twitch by twitch, with a special program on the laptop that helps him to choose whole words or phrases from scrolling lists.This wire to the world keeps him connected to his family and friends, and allows him to remain an important part of their lives. He continues to provide medical consultation, and now advises patients with A.L.S. and their families on how to organize their own care and use the communication devices he has mastered.“One irony is with many people I communicate more now than when I was well,” Dr. Lodish said.By holding on, he said, he has been able to see many of lifes milestones, including the marriages of two of his three children.When his older daughter, Elizabeth Lester, became pregnant with the first grandchild, she asked her father to make the official family announcement.“He still plays the same role for me” she said, “I still consult him on financial matters and other kinds of things.”Dr. Lodish said that his own determination to live comes, in part, from his long experience in treating cancer patients, who often feel that a diagnosis is a death sentence.1. A.L.S. is a disease that（ ）.2. Jules Lodish（ ）.3. All the following are possible reasons why the patients with A.L.S. can live a better life EXCEPT（ ）.4. Dr. Lodish manages to live with A.L.S. mainly because he（ ）.5. Which of the following tasks is NOT undertaken by Dr. Jules Lodish?问题1选项A.causes people to paralyze instantlyB.makes every muscle stop moving graduallyC.is highly contagious in the United StatesD.is genetically determined and cannot be cured问题2选项A.wants to commit suicideB.supports an Oregon lawC.determined to live longerD.is becoming unconscious问题3选项A.they have insurance that covers nursing and medical careB.they have a sense of having unfinished businessC.they have strong religious beliefs that help sustain themD.they have got a strong mental support from people around问题4选项A.is having expert helpB.knows how to cope with the diseaseC.is well-equipped with advanced devicesD.often communicates with other people问题5选项A.Treating a lot of cancer patients.B.Devising his own treatment plan.C.Providing medical consultation.D.Communicating with many people.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S, progressive, paralyzing disease, have stilled nearly every muscle（A.L.S是一种渐进性的麻痹性疾病，几乎使每一块肌肉都停止活动）”和第二段“A.L.S. or Lou Gehrigs disease, is often described as a kind of living death in, which the body goes flaccid while mind remains intact and acutely aware.（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症或卢伽雷氏症，常被描述为一种活死人。身体会变得松弛，而头脑却保持完整和敏锐的意识。）”，由此可推断出肌萎缩性侧索硬化症使肌肉病变会有一个循序渐进的过程。A选项“使人立即瘫痪”说法错误；B选项“使每一块肌肉逐渐停止活动”符合题意；C选项“在美国是高度传染性的”和D选项“是由基因决定的，不能治愈”文章都没有提到。因此B选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“But when people ask him how he feels about his life, Dr. Lodish, his eyes expressing the intensity denied to his body, responds: I still look forward today.（但当人们问洛迪什对自己的生活有何感想时，他的眼神流露出了身体所没有的那种强烈感，他回答说：我仍然期待着。）”和第四段“less is known about those patients who want to live, and like Dr. Lodish, will go to extraordinary lengths to do so.（但对于那些像洛迪什医生一样想要活下去的病人，人们却知之甚少。）”，由此可推断出Dr. Lodish虽然被肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症折磨，但他仍不失积极乐观的心态，对生活充满期待，决定好好生活与病魔抗争到底。A选项“想自杀”说法错误；B选项“支持俄勒冈州一项（允许医生协助自杀的）法律”文章没有提到；C选项“决心活得更长”符合题意；D选项“正在变得失去意识”说法错误。因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第八段“What keeps many patients alive, experts say, is a sense of having unfinished business（专家说，让许多病人活下来的，是一种未完的事业感）”；第九段“Those patients who do best are those who have insurance that covers nursing and medical care, allowing them to avoid some of the major health risks associated with the disease, and family members who can cover the hours when expert help is unavailable.（那些做得最好的病人是那些拥有涵盖护理和医疗护理的保险，使他们能够避免一些与疾病相关的主要健康风险的人，以及那些家庭成员在得不到专家帮助时可以支付时间的人。）”以及第十段“have deep religious beliefs that help sustain them（许多患者都有深刻的宗教信仰，这些信仰帮助他们维持生命）”，因此A选项“他们有涵盖护理和医疗的保险”；B选项“他们有一种未完的事业感”以及C选项“他们有强烈的宗教信仰来支持他们”在文中都有提到，只有D选项“他们从周围的人那里得到了强大的精神支持”文章没有提及，因此D选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第十三段“This wire to the world keeps him connected to his family and friends, and allows him to remain an important part of their lives.（这条与世界相连的线让他与家人和朋友保持联系，让他成为他们生活中重要的一部分。）”以及第十四段“One irony is with many people I communicate more now than when I was well（具有讽刺意味的是，我现在和很多人交流的次数比我健康时还多）”，由此可知Dr. Lodish与病魔作斗争是通过经常与他人沟通交流，分享生命中的点滴。A选项“正在接受专家的帮助”；B选项“知道如何对付这种疾病”；C选项“配备了先进的设备”都不是主要原因，只有D选项“经常与他人交流”符合题意，因此D选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第十二段“who devised his own intricately detailed treatment regimen.（他设计了自己复杂而详细的治疗方案。）”；第十三段“This wire to the world keeps him connected to his family and friends, and allows him to remain an important part of their lives. He continues to provide medical consultation（这条与世界相连的线让他与家人和朋友保持联系，让他成为他们生活中重要的一部分。他继续提供医疗咨询）”，由此可知B选项“制定自己的治疗方案”；C选项“提供医疗咨询”和D选项“与许多人交流”说法正确，文章都有提及，而A选项“治疗了很多癌症患者”可定位到文章最后一段“Dr. Lodish said that his own determination to live comes, in part, from his long experience in treating cancer patients, who often feel that a diagnosis is a death sentence.（洛迪什说，他自己想活下去的决心，在一定程度上来自于他长期治疗癌症患者的经验，这些患者常常觉得确诊就等于判了死刑。）”，该段落只说了Dr. Lodish想活下去的决心来自治疗癌症患者的经验，并没有直接说他治疗了很多癌症患者，因此A选项符合题意，A选项正确。16. 单选题After three weeks of fruitless haggling with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, the Obama administration has given up its efforts to persuade the Israeli government to freeze construction of Jewish settlements for 90 days, a senior administration official said Tuesday.The decision leaves Middle East peace talks in flux, with the Palestinians refusing to resume direct negotiations absent a moratorium the United States struggling to find another formula to bring them back to the table. It is another setback in what has proved to be a star-crossed campaign by President Obama.The administration decided to pull the plug, officials said, because it concluded that even if Mr. Netanyahu persuaded his cabinet to accept a freeze which he had not yet been able to do the 90-day negotiating period would not have produced the progress on core issues that the United States originally had sought.Administration officials did not offer a Plan B to revive the talks, and analysts said it was not clear that the administration had one, beyond a general commitment to keep talking to the Israelis and Palestinians about the major issues that divide them: borders, security and the status of Jerusalem, among others.A preview of the administrations next move could come in an address on Middle East policy that Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton is scheduled to deliver on Friday at the Brookings Institution. But the administrations strategy appeared to be unsettled.“Wisely, in my view, the administration is bending to reality,” said Robert Malley, a peace negotiator in the Clinton administration, “The most likely scenario is that this moratorium was going to buy them a short reprieve, and was then going to plunge them into the same crisis they were in before”.Neither the Israelis nor the Palestinians issued a response to the news. But administration officials said the United States made the decision after consultations between Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Netanyahu. The two had hammered out the agreement on a 90-day freeze, which Mr. Netanyahu later said he could not sell to his cabinet without written security assurances from the Americans.Those assurances, which included 20 F-35 stealth airplanes and an American pledge to veto anti-Israel resolutions at the United Nations, were never delivered to the Israelis. While that package is now off the table, an official said, he reiterated that the United States would continue to protect Israels security and fight efforts to challenge its legitimacy in international organizations.In the short run, analysts said the failure raised questions about Mr. Netanyahus capacity to negotiate a fi