2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷58

2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题There are people in Italy who cant stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you its a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because theres the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, and close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV wont do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms bang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first basemans position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.1. The passage is mainly concerned with _.2. Those who dont like baseball may complain that _.3. The author admits that _.4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means _.5. We can safely conclude that the author _.问题1选项A.the different tastes of people for sportsB.the different characteristics of sportsC.the attraction of footballD.the attraction of baseball问题2选项A.it is only to the taste of the oldB.it involves fewer players than footballC.it is not exciting enoughD.it is pretentious and looks funny问题3选项A.baseball is too peaceful for the youngB.baseball may seem boring when watched on TVC.football is more attracting than baseballD.baseball is more interesting than football问题4选项A.the third baseman would rather sleep than play the gameB.even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the resultC.the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work wellD.the consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it问题5选项A.likes footballB.hates footballC.hates baseballD.likes baseball【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段简述了人们对棒球所持的偏见认为它毫无活力、从容和缓；文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了棒球的根本特征及欣赏角度，文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了棒球的魅力“If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music（如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话，那么，棒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。）”。可见，本文主要探讨的是棒球的特点及其欣赏，所以D选项“棒球的吸引力”符合题意。A选项“人们对运动的不同品味”不对，虽然第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用以引出对棒球的特征及欣赏的讨论；B选项“运动的不同特点”和C选项“足球的吸引力”都不是文章主要表达的内容，故不选。因此D选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“.there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you its a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. （许多人不喜欢棒球，一提起棒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。对他们来说，看棒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么激动人心的事发生没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味，缓慢，安静，具有绅士风度。）”由此可知那些不喜欢棒球的人认为这项运动不够刺激，所以C选项“它不够刺激”符合题意。A选项“它只适合老年人的口味”说法错误，文章第一段只提到“They tell you its a game better suited to the 19th century（他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世纪的人的口味）”，与老年人意味不一样；B选项“它涉及的球员比足球少”文章没有提及；D选项“它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑”，这与文章说它gentlemanly（具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢的意思）不一样，故不选。因此C选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, and close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV wont do it for you.（在电视上，棒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用重放、特写等电视制作技术，这破坏了该运动的整体运动感，使观众无法将自己投入到运动中去，以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。电视做不到这一点，因此，电视上的棒球比赛看上去沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾的。）”所以B选项“电视上的棒球比赛很无聊”符合题意。A选项“棒球运动对年轻人来说太平静了”文章没有提及，文章只提到了很多人认为棒球不刺激，并没有说到棒球对年轻人来说太安静了，故A选项不选；C选项“足球比棒球更吸引人”和D选项“棒球比足球更有趣”不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。因此B选项正确。4.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first basemans position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”（但要注意投手每次投球时都会发生什么：三垒手踮起脚尖，弯曲手臂或将手套举到他面前的某个点上，向右或向左、向后或向前跨一步，也许他会扫一眼全场来检查一垒手的位置。假设球场是一个球。“什么都没发生”，你说。“我本来可以闭上眼睛的”）该段整个都在描述棒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好球，做好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影响比赛结果。所以文章说到“本来可以闭上眼睛”，所以B选项“即使三垒手刚才闭上眼睛，结果也不会有什么不同”意思与题干相符，A选项“三垒手宁愿睡觉也不愿比赛”；C选项“第三垒手擅长棒球，他可以闭着眼睛完成比赛，并且做得很好”；D选项“结果太糟糕了，他无法忍受看到它”都不符合作者意图，因此B选项正确。5.判断推理题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了棒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出只有根据棒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到棒球比赛中运动员的各种动作、棒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对棒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱棒球，所以D选项“喜欢棒球”说法正确。A选项“喜欢足球”；B选项“讨厌足球”；C选项“讨厌棒球”都与文章意思不符，因此D选项正确。2. 翻译题The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the motorcycle that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open county. I respect them; they are good citizens, good husbands and good fathers and of course somebody has to pay the taxes; but I dont find them exciting. I am fascinated by the men few enough in all conscience who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will but at all events we gave the illusion of it. At a cross-road, it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or to the left and the choice once made, it is difficult to see that whole course of the words history obliged us to take the turning we did.【答案】对于大多数人来说，生活是由环境决定的。他们在命运的拨弄面前，不仅逆来顺受，甚至还能随遇而安。这些人犹如街上的有轨电车，满足于在自己的轨道上运行；而对于那些不时出没于车水马龙间和欢快地奔驰在旷野上的廉价小汽车却不屑一顾。我尊重这些人；他们是守法的公民、尽职的丈夫、慈祥的父亲。当然，总得有人缴纳种种税款；可是，我并不觉得他们使人振奋。另有些人把生活掌握在自己手里，似乎在按照自己的意愿创造生活，尽管这样的人寥若晨星，他们却深深地吸引了我。自由意志这玩意儿对我们来说也许纯属子虚乌有；但不管怎么说，它确实存在于我们的幻想之中。每逢站在十字路口，我们好像能在左右两条道路中任选其一，可一旦选定之后，却又很难认识到那实际是世界历史的整个进程左右了我们的转折点。3. 单选题This week ten top designers will _ their autumn collections at the fashion fair.问题1选项A.enhanceB.lubricateC.hustleD.unveil【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项enhance“提高；加强；增加”；B选项lubricate“润滑；涂油；起润滑剂作用；使润滑；给加润滑油”；C选项hustle“推搡；强力将（某人往特定方向）赶；努力干；奋力前行；（粗暴地）取得；兜售；偷窃；拉客”；D选项unveil“使公之于众，揭开；揭幕；除去面纱；显露”。句意：本周，十位顶级设计师将在时装博览会上揭示他们的秋季作品集。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so _ at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.问题1选项A.adroitB.shrewdC.considerateD.foxy【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项adroit“敏捷的，灵巧的；熟练的”；B选项shrewd“精明的；机灵的”；C选项considerate“体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的”；D选项foxy“像狐狸的；狡猾的；（女性）狐媚的；赤褐色的；（葡萄酒）有麝香味的；（纸或其他材料）有斑点的，泛黄的”。句意：本杰明富兰克林年轻时很笨拙，但后来变得善于交际，善于与人打交道，被任命为美国驻法国大使。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题To everybodys surprise, the referee took a _ view of the foul and did not punish the player at all.问题1选项A.lenientB.divergentC.dimD.cautious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lenient“宽大的；仁慈的”；B选项divergent“相异的，分歧的；求异的，发散的；散开的”；C选项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲观的，怀疑的”；D选项cautious“谨慎的；十分小心的”。句意：令大家吃惊的是，裁判对这次犯规很宽容，根本没有处罚球员。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Englands team, who are now superbly fit, will be doing their best next week to _ themselves for last years defeat.问题1选项A.reviveB.retortC.revengeD.remedy【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项revive“复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神”；B选项retort“反驳，回嘴；蒸馏；在曲颈瓶里加热；（对侮辱或伤害）进行报复”；C选项revenge“报复；替报仇；雪耻”；D选项remedy“补救，纠正，改进；治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态极佳，下周将竭尽全力为去年的失败复仇。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题A healthy diet includes lots of _ natural food with plenty of proteins and vitamins.问题1选项A.indigestibleB.wholesomeC.leftoverD.heavy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indigestible“难消化的；难理解的”；B选项wholesome“健全的；有益健康的；合乎卫生的；审慎的”；C选项leftover“剩下的；多余的”；D选项heavy“沉重的；繁重的，巨大的；拥挤的；阴沉的”。句意：健康的饮食包括许多健康的天然食物，含有大量的蛋白质和维生素。因此B选项正确。8. 翻译题A similar movement is going on before our own eyes. Modern bourgeois society, with its relations of production, of exchange and of property, a society that has conjured up such gigantic means of production and of exchange, is like the sorcerer who is no longer able to control the powers of the nether world whom he has called up by his spells. For many a decade past, the history of industry and commerce is but the history of the revolt of modern productive forces against modern conditions of production, against the property relations that are the conditions for the existence of the bourgeois and of its rule. It is enough to mention the commercial crises that, by their periodical return, put the existence of the entire bourgeois society on its trial, each time more threateningly. In these crises, a great part not only of the existing products, but also of the previously created productive forces, are periodically destroyed. In these crises, there breaks out an epidemic that, in all earlier epochs, would have seemed an absurditythe epidemic of over-production. Society suddenly finds itself put back into a state of momentary barbarism; it appears as if a famine, a universal war of devastation, had cutoff the supply of every means of subsistence; industry and commerce seem to be destroyed. And why?Because there is too much civilization, too much means of subsistence, too much industry, too much commerce. The productive forces at the disposal of society no longer tend to further the development of the conditions of bourgeois property; on the contrary, they have become too powerful for these conditions, by which they are fettered, and so soon as they overcome these fetters, they bring disorder into the whole of bourgeois society, endanger the existence of bourgeois property. The conditions of bourgeois society are too narrow to comprise the wealth created by them. And how does the bourgeoisie get over these crises? On the one hand, by enforced destruction of a mass of productive forces; on the other, by the conquest of new markets, and by the more thorough exploitation of the old ones. That is to say, by paving the way for more extensive and more destructive crises, and by diminishing the means whereby crises are prevented.【答案】现在，我们眼前又进行着类似的运动。资产阶级的生产关系和交换关系，资产阶级的所有制关系，这个曾经仿佛用法术创造了如此庞大的生产资料和交换手段的现代资产阶级社会，现在像一个魔法师一样不能再支配自己用法术呼唤出来的魔鬼了。几十年来的工业和商业的历史，只不过是现代生产力反抗现代生产关系、反抗作为资产阶级及其统治的存在条件的所有制关系的历史。只要指出在周期性的重复中越来越危及整个资产阶级社会生存的商业危机就够了。在商业危机期间，总是不仅有很大一部分制成的产品被毁灭掉，而且有很大一部分已经造成的生产力被毁灭掉。在危机期间，发生一种在过去一切时代看来都好像是荒唐现象的社会瘟疫，即生产过剩的瘟疫。社会突然发现自己回到了一时的野蛮状态：仿佛是一次饥荒、一场普遍的毁灭性战争，使社会失去了全部生活资料；仿佛是工业和商业全被毁灭了，这是什么缘故呢？因为社会上文明过度，生活资料太多，工业和商业太发达。社会所拥有的生产力已经不能再促进资产阶级文明和资产阶级所有制关系的发展；相反，生产力已经强大到这种关系所不能适应的地步，它已经受到这种关系的阻碍；而它一着手克服这种障碍，就使整个资产阶级社会陷入混乱，就使资产阶级所有制的存在受到威胁。资产阶级的关系已经太狭窄了，再容纳不了它本身所造成的财富了。资产阶级用什么办法来克服这种危机呢？一方面不得不消灭大量生产力，另一方面夺取新的市场，更加彻底地利用旧的市场。这究竟是怎样的一种办法呢？这不过是资产阶级准备更全面更猛烈的危机的办法，不过是使防止危机的手段越来越少的办法。9. 单选题Samuel Slater was born in Belper, England, in 1768. On completion of his seven year apprenticeship in an English spinning mill, he was apparently so worried about the growth, and hence saturation, of the industry in the United Kingdom that, in 1789, without the knowledge of his family, Slater traveled to America at the age of 21. This was done in secret; it was illegal at the time to export anything to the U.S. relating to machinery, including engineers. Also, the U.S. was offering rewards for textile information.Arriving in New York, it was not long before he learned of the experimental work of Moses Brown and William Almy, in Pawtucket, with more advanced machines than the Spinning Jennys used in New York. Initially without any contract, and working alongside the engineers already employed at the Almy and Brown mill, Slater successfully reworked a spinning frame along the lines of Arkwrights Water Frame. This three months of work resulted in a partnership with Almy and Brown. He understood the whole spinning process and knew which machines were vital to overall success of a mill.However, that management training and knowledge really came into its own over the next two years as Slater labored to educate the embryonic textile industry and businessmen in the techniques that had proved so successful in Belper. Without these, Slater believed the industry would not flourish. In particular, his aim was to maximize the output from the machinery and develop the market place in order to sell all the yarn that could be produced. Prior to this, the philosophy of Almy and Brown was to produce only to order. By 1792, Slater had proved, through the use of his Belper-learned management techniques, that he could make spinning a profitable business. This led to building the Old Slater Millthe first successful U.S. cotton spinning mill. Slaters view was to concentrate on a specific aspect and specialize. The other partners believed in covering the whole textile process through to finished goods, including knitting. As a result, in 1797, Slater broke away and built his own larger millthe White Mill. Following the success of Slaters business, the cotton industry really took off and over the next ten or so years, over eighty mills developed. Slater has been called both the “Father of American Industry”, and the “Founder of the American Industrial Revolution”.1. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?2. According to the passage, Slater was attracted to the Almy and Brown mill because _.3. According to the passage, which of the following was NOT one of Slaters aims in his approach to running a mill?4. What had Slater proved by 1792?5. Slater left Almy and Brown to establish _.问题1选项A.Slaters arrival in AmericaB.New York and the Almy and Brown millC.The first three months and achievement of a partnershipD.Slaters understanding of the spinning process问题2选项A.they were in PawtucketB.they were innovative and had advanced machinesC.he did not have to have a contractD.they employed professional engineers问题3选项A.maximizing outputB.sales developmentC.Belper management techniquesD.covering the full process through to knitted goods问题4选项A.That his imported management techniques worked.B.That the philosophy of Almy and Brown was wrong.C.That he could build his own successful mill.D.That he could sell all the yarn he could produce.问题5选项A.the Old Slater MillB.the White MillC.over eighty millsD.ten or so mills【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第二段倒数第二句“This three months of work resulted in a partnership with Almy and Brown.（经过三个月的努力，斯莱特与阿尔米和布朗建立了伙伴关系。）”可知第二段主要讲的是斯莱特与另外两个工厂的合作以及取得的成就，所以C选项“合伙的头三个月和成就”符合题意。A选项“斯莱特到达美国”；B选项“纽约、阿尔米和布朗磨坊”；D选项“斯莱特对纺纱过程的理解”均不符合题意，因此C选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段“Arriving in New York, it was not long before he learned of the experimental work of Moses Brown and William Almy, in Pawtucket, with more advanced machines than the Spinning Jennys used in New York.（到达纽约后不久，他就知道了摩西布朗和威廉阿尔米在波塔基特的实验工作，他们用的机器比纽约使用的詹妮丝纺车还要先进。）”，由此可知是布朗和阿米尔他们的先进机器吸引了斯莱特，所以B选项“他们是创新的且有先进的机器”符合题意。A选项“他们在波塔基特”；C选项“他不需要签合同”；D选项“他们雇佣专业工程师”。因此B选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“In particular, his aim was to maximize the output from the machinery and develop the market place in order to sell all the yarn that could be produced. （特别是，他的目标是最大限度地提高机器的产量和发展市场，以销售所有能生产的纱线。）”，由此可知A选项“输出最大化”和B选项“发展销售”正确，可排除；第三段开头提到“.as Slater labored to educate the embryonic textile industry and businessmen in the techniques that had proved so successful in Belper.（因为斯莱特努力向处于萌芽阶段的纺织业和商人传授在贝尔珀非常成功的技术。）”，由此可知C选项“贝尔珀管理技术”正确，也可排除；根据第三段“Slaters view was to concentrate on a specific aspect and specialize. The other partners believed in covering the whole textile process through to finished goods, including knitting. （斯莱特的观点是专注于一个特定的方面并专门化。其他合作伙伴认为应该涵盖整个纺织过程到成品，包括针织。）”，由此可知D选项“涵盖针织产品的整个生产过程”并不是斯莱特的目的，因此该题应选D选项。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“By 1792, Slater had proved, through the use of his Belper-learned management techniques, that he could make spinning a profitable business.（到1792年，斯莱特已经证明，通过使用他在贝尔珀学会的管理技巧，他可以使纺纱生意有利可图。）”，由此可知斯莱特证明了他引进的技术能让纺纱生意有利可图，所以A选项“他引进的管理技术有效”符合题意。B选项“阿尔米和布朗的观点是错误的”；C选项“他可以建立自己成功的工厂”；D选项“他能卖掉他能生产的所有纱线”都不符合题意，因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“As a result, in 1797, Slater broke away and built his own larger millthe White Mill. （结果，在1797年，斯莱特单飞并建立了他自己的更大的磨坊白磨坊。）”，由此可知B选项“白磨坊”正确。A选项“老斯莱特磨坊”；C选项“年过八十的磨坊”以及D选项“大约10个磨坊”均说法错误，因此B选项正确。10. 单选题The manager tried to wave aside these issues as _ details that would be settled later.问题1选项A.versatileB.trivialC.preliminaryD.alternate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项versatile“多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的”；B选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的”；C选项preliminary“初步的；开始的；预备的”；D选项alternate“交替的，轮流的；间隔的，每隔（天等）的；（一个或多个事物）另外的，可供选择的；（两者）互不相容的；另类的，非传统的；（叶、芽）互生的”。句意：经理试图对这些问题置之不理，认为都是些琐碎的细节，以后再解决。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone （1） making mistakes. It is actually caused by （2） of your “body clock”a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological （3） . The body clock is designed for a （4） rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it （5） daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone.The （6） of jetlag often persist for days （7） the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is （8） that is based on proven （9） pioneering scientific research.Dr. Martin Moore-Ere has （10） a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone （11） controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates （12） of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either （13） or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule （14） light exposure depends a great deal on （15） travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individuals sleep （16） are used to produce a Trip Guide with （17） on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls （18） bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, （19） you are on an aero plane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light （20） for a range of ac