2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷80

2022年考博英语-浙江工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Modern-day business really does transcend national barriers. Thanks to sophisticated IT and communications systems, businesses can now market their products on a truly global scale. The world is indisputably becoming a smaller place, as service and manufacturing companies search the international marketplace for new suppliers and clients.Businesses must, however, be aware that once they expand the area in which they operate, they face increased competition. The standard and quality of their goods become increasingly important in keeping up with competitors. But most of all, it is the service element accompanying the goods which is crucial to a companys success in a particular market. This new philosophy has led to many companies, some of which have even offered products of a lesser quality, gaining success overseas.Although globalization may, in some sense, have brought national economies closer together, societies around the world still have radically different expectations, processes, and standards. These are not a function of economic changes, but are more deep-rooted and difficult to alter. They can be a major problem for businesses expanding abroad, with the greatest obstacle of all being the language barrier. If you have to deal with clients, suppliers and distributors in a range of countries, you will not only need the skills to communicate with them, you will also need to reconcile any national biases you have with the diverse ways of doing business that exist around the globe.The value of effective communication is not to be underestimated. Nev technology such as videoconferencing and email has played a part in making the communication process easier, and it may also be possible that the introduction of language interpretation software will help with some global communications problems. But, of course, it is the human element of the communication process that is so vital in business, especially in negotiations, presentations and team-building. It is essential for managers to meet regularly with staff, customers and partners, so that issues can be discussed, messages communicated and feedback obtained.The value of well-organized language training is immense, and can bring benefits to all levels and departments within a multinational organization. Unfortunately, however, many organizations have a very narrow view when it comes to training of any kind. Often, an urgent requirement has to be identified before training is authorized. Then, a training company is employed or a program is developed in-house, the team is trained, and that is seen as the end of the matter. However, the fact remains that training programmes are effective only if they are relevant to a companys breeder, long-term needs. They should be regarded as an investment rather than a cost.Changes in expectations and attitudes are certain, to continue for companies that trade globally. Although such companies are not yet faced with their international partners and clients demanding that business be conducted in their mother tongue, they realize that overseas competition is increasing fast, if these companies want to continue to achieve success on the international trading circuit, they must be prepared to adapt to situations and speak the local language. If not, someone else will.11. According to the first paragraph, improved communications have enabled companies to（ ）.12. Approaches to doing business vary between countries because of（ ）.13. The writer thinks that the use of modern technology will（ ）.14. A common weakness of training courses is that they（ ）.15. Why should companies do business in the language of the countries they are operating in?问题1选项A.offer a wider variety of products and servicesB.expand beyond their domestic marketsC.perform better than their international competitorsD.open ore manufacturing facilities abroad问题2选项A.local economic considerationsB.strong wishes to remain independentC.the existence of cultural differencesD.regulations about business practices问题3选项A.speed up the process of language interpretationB.not lead to greater communication between companies and clientsC.help solve the problems involved in maintaining strong teamsD.never replace the need for face-to-face interaction问题4选项A.are developed by the wrong teamB.do not give good value for moneyC.are provided only if there is an immediate needD.do not deal with a companys specific requirements问题5选项A.to prevent other companies taking their businessB.to help them find new international partnersC.to meet clients current expectationsD.to become more aware of their competitors activities【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】11.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第三句话Thanks to sophisticated IT and communications systems, businesses can now market their products on a truly global scale.（感谢精密的IT和沟通系统，企业现在可以在一个真正的全球规模上开发它们的产品市场。）这其中global是个关键的暗示，可以联想到海外市场，因此B选项“在国内市场以外的地方扩张”正确。A选项“提供更多种类的产品和服务”、C选项“比国际竞争对手表现更好”两项在原文中并未提及；D选项“在国外开设更多生产设施”，文中只说了可以在海外扩张，没有提到开设更多的生产设备。12.事实细节题。根据题干定位至第二段开头一段话Although globalization may, in some senses, have brought national economies closer together, societies around the world still have radically different expectations, processes and standards.（虽然全球化可能在某种意义上使国家经济更加密切，但世界各地仍有着极度不同的期望、过程和标准）；后面又提到了一句you will also need to reconcile any national biases you have with the diverse ways of doing business that exist around the globe.（你需要用不同的做生意的方式来与民族偏见和解）。这一段整体讲的就是要克服沟通上的障碍，理解了内容不难作答。因此C选项“原因是文化差异的存在”，与原文所表达的意思相符，正确。A选项“当地的经济因素”；B选项“强烈希望保持独立”以及D选项“有关商业惯例的规例”都不是原文的观点。13.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段，前面介绍说新技术，比如视频会议和电子邮件，会使沟通过程更简单。并且语言翻译软件（language interpretation software）会帮助解决一些国际沟通问题。后面一个BUT，才真正揭示了答案，说在沟通过程中人的作用是至关重要的。It is essential for managers to meet regularly with staff, customers and partners.（经理们定期会见员工、客户和合作伙伴是很有必要的），从这一句可以看出作者的真正态度，是认为当面交流仍然很重要，因此D选项“现代技术永远也无法替代面对面互动的需要”正确。A选项“加快语言口译的过程”，不是作者真正的观点；B选项“不能促进公司和客户之间的交流”，不正确，作者还是认为现代技术是有用的，只是不能够完全取代当面交流；C选项“帮助解决维护强大团队所涉及的问题”，是无关项。14.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位至第四段Often, an urgent requirement has to be identified before training is authorized.（通常，在授权培训之前必须确定紧急需求），可知确认有迫切的需要时培训才会被批准。作者认为很多公司的培训有些急功近利，training programmes are effective only if they are relevant to a companys broader, long-term needs. They should be regarded as an investment rather than a cost.（培训计划只有在与公司更广泛、更长期的需要相关时才有效。它们应该被视为一种投资，而不是一种成本）。因此C选项“培训的缺点是：只有迫切需要时才会被提供”正确，其中 immediate need与原文urgent requirement相照应。A选项“是由错误的团队开发的”，过度推断，原文并未给出相关表达；B选项“没有物有所值”，不正确；D选项“不处理公司的具体要求”，没有提及。15.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段demanding that business be conducted in their mother tongue, they realize that overseas competition is increasing fast.（客户要求他们使用母语，这些公司也意识到海外竞争逐渐激烈。）还有最后一句If not, someone else will.（如果他们不说当地的语言，其他人会说的。）意思就是如果你不使用当地的语言做生意，其他人会取而代之的。因此A选项“防止其他公司占领了他们的业务”正确。B选项“帮助他们找到新的国际合作伙伴”，原文没有提及；C选项“满足客户当前的期望”，不是他们的目的；D选项“更多地了解竞争对手的活动”，也不是他们的根本目的。2. 单选题“In every known human society the males needs for achievement can be recognized. In a greater number of human societies mens sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right or ability to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.”This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defence which men have thrown up around their hither to accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of womens pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of mens status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behaviour: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of peoples sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.11. The phrase “mens sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they（ ）.12. The third paragraph（ ）.13. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to（ ）.14. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph（ ）.15. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author（ ）.问题1选项A.are confident in their ability to charm womenB.take the initiative in courtshipC.have a clear idea of what is considered “manly”D.tend to be more immoral than women are问题2选项A.generally agrees with the first paragraphB.has no connection with the first paragraphC.repeats the argument of the second paragraphD.contradicts the last paragraph问题3选项A.show that men are stronger than womenB.carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphC.support the first sentence of the same paragraphD.disown the ideas he is expressing问题4选项A.is based on the study of archaeologyB.illustrates how people expect men to behaveC.is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD.proves that the man, not women, should be the wooer问题5选项A.approves ofB.argues is naturalC.completely rejectsD.expects to go on changing【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】11.判断推理题。根据文章关键词定位到第一段mens sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice（男子对其性别角色的确定与他们从事某些妇女不允许从事的活动的权利或能力有关）。从此句可知，男人们很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通过一些方式来把握和巩固这个地位，因此C选项“清楚地知道什么才是男子汉气概”正确。A选项“对自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，没有提及；B选项“在求爱中采取主动”，亦没有提及；D选项“往往比女人更不道德”，文章没有具体说明。12.判断推理题。第一段讲述的是男性会通过阻止妇女进入某个领域或从事某项壮举来保证他们的男子气概，而第三段说There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of . occupation and sociable groupings. （关于妇女继续受到家庭奴役和男子围绕其迄今为止公认的优势所建立的复杂的防御体系的出版物层出不穷，有时采取明显的形式，将妇女排除在各种职业和社交团体之外。）和第一段说的几乎都是同样的主题，因此A选项“大致同意第一段”正确。B选项“和第一段没有关系”；C选项“重复第二段的论点”以及D选项“与最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并没有谈到这方面的信息，都不正确。13.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段结尾处作者用比较夸张的方式提到，在原始社会里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句话Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life.（人们都持着那种从人类最原始的状态时就有的关于男人和女人社会角色的观点。）因此最后两句话形象而具体地解释了那种观点到底是什么。因此C选项“支持同一段的第一句话”正确。A选项“表明男人比女人更强大”，并没有明确说明；B选项“进一步表达最初段落的意思”，最后一段并没有继续讲述第一段的信息；D选项“否认他所表达的观点”，不正确。14.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段an expression of inwardly felt expectations of peoples sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes（只是作为人们内心对两性角色区分的基本正确性的期望的表达。）因此B选项“说明了人们对男人的期望”正确。A选项“是基于考古学的研究”；C选项“被作者当作一个无关紧要的笑话而不予理会”以及D选项“这证明了求婚者应该是男人，而不是女人”，都不是正确的理解。15.判断推理题。根据题干和选项关键词定位到第四段There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of mens status.（有许多客观证据表明男性地位的下降。）随后又举例说明两性社会角色在发生变化，因此D选项“期望继续改变”正确。最后一段作者承认引文的观点自古就有，但他认为这种关系正在变化，因此A选项“同意”；B选项“认为是自然的”以及C选项“完全拒绝”都不正确。3. 单选题In accordance with the new regulations, you are entitled to three days of paid sick leave every month.问题1选项A.According toB.Carrying onC.Looking throughD.Putting out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项According to“根据”；B选项Carrying on“继承，开始实施”；C选项Looking through“浏览，温习”；D选项Putting out“扑灭，搏出”。句意：根据新规定，你每个月可以享受三天的带薪病假。A选项与划线词的词义最接近，因此A选项符合题意。4. 单选题If any man here does not agree with me, he should（ ）his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.问题1选项A.put onB.put outC.put inD.put forward【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项put on“穿上，上演”；B选项put out“熄灭，伸出，出版”；C选项put in“插嘴，插入”；D选项put forward“拿出，推举出，提出”。句意：如果这里有人不同意我的观点，他应该_自己改善这些人生活条件的计划。本句表达的意思为“他应该提出自己的计划”，因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题Recently the car factory had to carry out personnel（ ）because of financial trouble.问题1选项A.cutsB.demandsC.reductionsD.orders【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cuts“切口，份额”；B选项demands“需求”；C选项reductions“减少，缩小”；D选项orders“顺序”。句意：最近，由于财政困难，汽车厂不得不进行人事_。根据前句说“财政困难”，可以推测应该是要进行人事减少，因此C选项符合题意。6. 单选题Traditionally, the woman has held a low position in marriage partnerships. While her husband went his way, she had to wash, stitch and sew. Today the move is to liberate the woman, which may in the end strengthen the marriage union.Perhaps the greatest obstacle to friendship in marriage is the amount a couple usually see of each other. Friendship in its usual sense is not tested by the strain of daily, year-long cohabitation. Couples need to take up separate interests (and friendship) as well as mutually shared ones, if they are not to get used to the more attractive elements of each others personalities.Married couples are likely to exert themselves for guestsbeing amusing, discussing with passion and point and then to fall into dull exhausted silence when the guests have gone.As in all friendship, a husband and wife must try to interest each other, and to spend sufficient time sharing absorbing activities to give them continuing common interests. But at the same time they must spend enough time on separate interests with separate people to preserve and develop their separate personalities and keep their relationship fresh.For too many highly intelligent working women, home represents chore obligations, because the husband only tolerates her work and does not participate in household chores. For too many highly intelligent working men, home represents dullness and complaintsfrom an over-dependent wife who will not gather courage to make her own life.In such an atmosphere, the partners grow further and further apart, both love and liking disappearing. For too many couples with children, the children are allowed to command all time and attention, allowing the couple no time to develop liking and friendship, as well as love, allotting them exclusive parental roles.41. According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct?42. The passage suggests that married couples become（ ）.43. The passage seems to indicate at the end that children（ ）.问题1选项A.Friendship in marriage means daily, year-long cohabitation.B.Friendship can be kept fresh by both separate and shared interests.C.Friendship in marriage is based on developing similar interests.D.Friendship in marriage is based on developing separate interests.问题2选项A.unfriendly with guestsB.uninterested in guestsC.hostile when guests have leftD.quiet when guest have left问题3选项A.help couples reinforce their friendshipB.make no impact on the quality of friendshipC.may pose obstacles in marital friendshipD.command less time and care than expected【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C【解析】41.判断推理题。根据选项定位到第四段As in all friendship, a husband and wife must try to interest each other, and to . interests with separate people to preserve and develop their separate personalities and keep their relationship fresh.（就像所有的友谊一样，丈夫和妻子必须努力使对方感兴趣，并花足够的时间分享有趣的活动，以使他们保持共同的兴趣。但同时，他们必须花足够的时间和不同的人在不同的兴趣上，以保持和发展他们不同的个性，保持他们的关系新鲜。）而B选项“无论是单独的还是共同的兴趣爱好都能使友谊保持新鲜感”与文段最相符，因此B选项正确。A选项“婚姻中的友谊意味着每天、一年的同居生活”，与原文并不符；C选项“婚姻中的友谊是建立在发展相似的兴趣上的”；D选项“婚姻中的友谊是建立在发展各自的兴趣上的”，文章认为应该是要两者结合才是最好。42.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Married couples are likely to exert themselves for guestsbeing amusing, discussing with passion and pointand then to fall into dull exhausted silence when the guests have gone.（已婚夫妇很可能会为客人竭尽全力逗乐，激情而有意义地讨论然后当客人走后陷入沉闷而疲惫的沉默。）也就是说客人在的时候他们会尽力去交谈，而客人走后却无话可说，因此D选项“客人走后他们会保持安静”正确。A选项“对待客人并不友好”，与原文不符；B选项“对客人不感兴趣”，原文完全没有提到；C选项“在客人离开后，双方变得敌对”，无关项。43.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段In such an atmosphere,the partners grow further and further apart, both love . allowing the couple no time to develop liking and friendship, as well as love,allotting them exclusive parental roles.（在这样的氛围中，伴侣之间的距离越来越远，爱和喜欢都消失了。对于太多有孩子的夫妇来说，孩子被允许支配所有的时间和注意力，让夫妇没有时间去发展喜欢、友谊和爱，给他们分配了唯一的父母角色。）通过这句话可以得出，孩子占用了夫妇大部分的时间，成了婚姻关系中的障碍，因此C信息“可能对婚姻友谊造成障碍”正确；A选项“帮助夫妇巩固他们的友谊”；B选项“不影响夫妻关系”；D选项“比预期要求更少的时间和照顾”都与文章不符。7. 单选题His consciousness of the urgency of the situation encouraged him to hurry.问题1选项A.identificationB.recognitionC.comprehensionD.awareness【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项identification“鉴定，识别（具体的，外在的可以看到信息）”；B选项recognition“识别，承认（其他人眼中是怎样的看法）”；C选项comprehension “理解，包含”；D选项awareness“意识，认识”。句意：他对形势紧急的意识促使他赶快行动。原句表达的意思是，他的意识在督促他行动，因此D选项符合题意。8. 单选题The town is famous for its magnificent tower by the side of the river.问题1选项A.ancientB.splendidC.contemporaryD.delicate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项ancient“古代的，古老的”；B选项splendid“辉煌的，极好的”；C选项contemporary“当代的，同龄的”；D选项delicate“精美的，雅致的”。句意：这个城镇以河边的宏伟塔而闻名。根据句意，可以看出与“宏伟的”最接近应该是B选项，因此B选项符合题意。9. 单选题In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. “America is therefore the land of the future,” the German philosopher Hegel wrote. “The American lives even more for his goals, for the future, than the European.” Albert Einstein concurred. “Life for him is always becoming, never being.”In 2012, America will still be the place where the future happens first, for that is the nations oldest tradition. The early Puritans lived in almost Stone Age conditions, but they were inspired by visions of future glories, Gods kingdom on earth. The early pioneers would sometimes travel past perfectly good farmland, because they were convinced that even more amazing land could be found over the next ridge. The Founding Fathers took 13 scraggly Colonies and believed they were creating a new nation on earth. The railroad speculators envisioned magnificent fortunes built on bands of iron. Its now fashionable to ridicule the visions of dot-com entrepreneurs of the 1990s, but they had inherited the urge to leap for the horizon. “The Future is endowed with such a life, that it lives to us even in anticipation,” Herman Melville wrote. “The Future is the Bible of t