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专题三 概要写作,怎么考 概要写作主要包含阅读和写作两个过程，要求考生在阅读过程中，准确地把握文章大意，弄清不同体裁的文章内部之间的逻辑关系，提取文章要点和关键词或词组。英语概要写作的写作过程是建立在阅读原材料基础之上的，其写作过程要根据阅读时列出的提纲，清晰、准确、简洁地呈现原文的主旨。,怎么学 考生除了平时要积极阅读，特别是一些议论文或说明文文体的300词左右的英语文章并练习概要写作之外，还需要储备一些常用的英语表达和英语句式。如开头句式常可以采用如下句式：This study/paper/article is aimed at/conveys the message that/mainly deals with the fact that/focuses on the topic that.等；可以用来表达结尾的句式有The result shows that/The writer found that/It was concluded that/We can draw the conclusion that/At last，we can know that.等。总之，考生需要平时积累一些常规的议论文或者说明文的丰富多彩的句式，以备不时之需。,怎么写 在具体的写作过程中，尽管所给文章的文体不同，但一般的概要写作都有如下几个步骤： 1.阅读。首先要通读全文，对文章的体裁和大意有所了解。阅读时要快速地找到主题句，以便抓住中心，理解全文。有的文章主题句出现在开头或结尾，很容易找到。有的文章中没有主题句，考生要根据各段落的大意自己去总结。考生还需根据文章内容列出一个简单的提纲，以便在写作过程中不会遗漏要点，总结全面。,2.写出初稿。在写作过程中，考生要注意词数要求，不要对文章进行复述或复写，而是要使用精炼的句子概括文章的要点，可以引用所给阅读材料中的重要词语，但不可过多，否则便失去了概要的意义；考生还需谨记：概要应该遵循所给阅读材料的逻辑顺序和结构，必须全面、清晰地表达所给阅读材料的信息，客观、准确地反映所给阅读材料的真实意图，不可随意添加或增减内容，也不可加入自己的观点。,3.修正初稿。初稿完成后，要将其与所给阅读材料核对一遍，看原材料中的要点是否在概要中都得到了体现，同时还需检查句子是否有错误，时态和语态的使用是否正确，标点、格式、大小写是否有误等。通过细致的修正与调整，力争使文章在各个方面都万无一失。,下面以新考试说明中的样题为例，分析概要写作的题型特点。 该题型要求考生基于所提供的一篇350词以内的短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容： 1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； 2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； 3.上下文的连贯性； 4.对各要点表达的独立性情况。,阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt，in the opinion of most people，is a good thing.However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry ，King of France，was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.,Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War .Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?,Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter(后者) position is gaining some ground. _ _ _,【写作指导】 本题要求考生写出一篇英语短文的内容概要。考生首先应当仔细阅读原文，明确文体；再根据文体特征和写作特点明确文章主题和要点。 通读全文可知，本文是一篇议论文，每段对应一个要点。文章第一段提出论点：对于如何对待皮肤上的灰尘，人们有着不同的观点；第二段对应第二个要点：一些欧洲人相信皮肤上的灰尘有保护人体健康的作用；第三段对应第三个要点：200年前，人们改变了观念，认为洗掉皮肤上的灰尘有益于健康；最后一段对应第四个要点：免疫学家的观点灰尘有益于健康。写作时，考生应当全面呈现这些要点，确保不遗漏。,在遣词造句上，考生应尽量使用较复杂句型和高级词汇，还应注意合理使用连接成分，以增强文章的逻辑性。此外，应注意词数，不要少于40词或多于80词。,【参考范文】 People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.(要点1)For a long time in history，people of some European countries，such as France，believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.(要点2) However，people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago.People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.(要点3)However，some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.(要点4),
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