2023年职称英语考试理工类A级试题

第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1Why cant you stop your eternal complaining？ Aeverlasting B long CtemporaryD boring 2Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. Ashaken B damaged Cfallen D jumped 3These paintings are considered by many to be authentic. Afaithful B royal CgenuineD sincere 4Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. AattractionB simplicity CpowerD rigor 5Ten years after the event， her death still remains a puzzle. Amist B fog Cmystery D secret 6John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation， Aannoyed B troubled Cangered D aroused 7Academic records cannot be duplicated. AborrowedB purchased Crewritten D copied 8The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research Afastened B encouraged CraisedD initiated 9We have ample money for the journey Asome B little Cextra D enough 10 The doctors pills worked marvels for me. Apatients B miracles Cillness D recovery 11 Marys perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad. Amonotonous B endless Cserious D bitter 12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment Aold B unforgettable Cfunny D unfair 13 You didnt adhere to these principles. Afollow B order Cprove D handle 14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land. Aempty B hairless Cbare D smooth 15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications. Aexpressions B warnings C instructions D advertisements 第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供的是对的信息，请选择A；假如该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C. Water-the Issue of This Century The world is running short of fresh water. Populations are growing bigger and Thirstier（渴的）， with the result that freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce （缺少）。 Half the worlds wetlands have disappeared during the last century， while estimates suggest that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. The World Bank report estimates that as much as half of the worlds population， concentrated in Africa， the Middle East and south Asia， will face severe water shortages by 2025. Local water conflicts and the loss of freshwater ecosystems appear large in some regions. A similar picture emerges from the globes salt water regions. Three-quarters of the worlds people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025， putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries （渔业） are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits， and half the worlds coral reefs （珊瑚礁） may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities， the Bank says. The report concludes that there is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently. Fresh water consumption is rising quickly， and the availability of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century. A third of the worlds population - around two billion people - live in countries that are experiencing moderate to high water shortages. That proportion could rise to half or more in the next 30 years unless institutions （制度） change to ensure better conservation and allocation of water. China is one country where the portents （征兆） are gloomy. The most water-stressed country in East Asia， China is exploiting 44% of its usable water， a figure projected to rise to 60% by 2023. Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60% is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although Chinas total use appears still to be reasonable， it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally. Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan， and will exceed them in India by 2023. In the Middle East and North Africa， only Morocco has unexploited water resources. The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers （蓄水层） - bodies of water-bearing rock - the report says. 16It is estimated that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 17Most developed countries will face water shortages in 20 years. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 18Most of the worlds population may live within 100km of the sea in 2025. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 19Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 20Some species of fish in the Atlantic are at dangerously low levels. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 21The World Bank report implies that urgent action should be taken to protect water supplies. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 22India exceeds environmental limits for water use. A Right BWrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题规定从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第2730题规定从所给的6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。 Chimpanzees 1Chimpanzees （黑猩猩） will soon be extinct （灭绝）。 If the present rate of hunting and habitat （栖息地） destruction continues， then within 20 years， there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy （悲剧）。 Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications （含意） for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings. 2In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes （基因组） match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse， used as model for human disease in lab tests， which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact， chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically， chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority （优先）。 But there is another， more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. 3The chimpanzees trump card （王牌） comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians （兽医） often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular， chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting. 4For example， chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV， the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed， their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant. 5By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing （找到） the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans， scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This， they hope， will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration （改变） of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.23Paragraph 1 。 24Paragraph 2 。 25Paragraph 3 。 26Paragraph 4 。 AReasons for HIV resistance BImplications of chimpanzee extinction for humans CEffective AIDS treatment DGenetic similarities between chimps and humans EChimps resistance to HIV FGenetic differences between chimps and“ humans 27Chimpanzee extinction may affect 。 28There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and 。 29Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting 。 30The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to 。 Asome human disease treatments Bsome diseases Chuman survival Dhuman genomes Ekey areas Fhealthier lifestyle 第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题拟定1个最佳选项。 31The “Youth Emancipation” program aims at helping young people Afight for freedom. Blive in an independent way. Cfight against social injustice. Dget rid of family responsibilities. 32It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in AFinland. BGreece. CSpain. DItaly. 33Young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT Aparents tolerance. Bhousing problems. Ccultural traditions. Dunwillingness to get married. 34Which of the following statements is ，NOT true of Dionisio Masso？ A She is 60 years old. B She has a boyfriend. C She has three children. D She lives in Madrid. 35The phrase “wary of” in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by Atired of. Bafraid of. Ccautious about. Dworried about. 第二篇 36Which of the following is true about birdsongs？ AFemale zebra finches are too shy to sing before males. BMale zebra finches sing louder than females. CFemale zebra finches like to listen to unknown males sing. DMale zebra finches change their songs to attract females. 37What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches？ AFemale finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates BFemale finches liked songs male finches sang for them. CFemale finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers， DFemale finches chose the best male singers as their mates. 38What is meant by “concert songs” in paragraph？ ASongs sung by zebra finches at a concert. BSongs sung by female finches for male finches. CSongs sung by male finches for female finches. DSongs sung by male finches to other finches. 39The expression “directed communication” in the last paragraph means communication in which Athe message sender has a specific audience. Bthe communicator sends messages to himself. Ctwo communicators send messages to each other. Dmothers talk to their babies in their mother tongue. 40Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage？ AChirping away. BZebra finches and their life. CBirdsongs as communication. DFrequencies of birdsongs. 第三篇 The Robot Man According to Hans Moravec， universal robots will take over all the physical 41What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots？ AThey will be able to recognize speeches and texts. BThey will be able to learn by themselves. CThey will be able to predict problems. DThey will be able to match human reasoning and behavior. 42Which of the following statements is true of the future robots？ AThey will relieve us of many chores. BThey will take over the information industry. CThey will never surpass us. DThey will become high-cost commodity items. 43The authors main purpose is to Adescribe the life of Hans Moravec. Bsupport the view that robots will play a major role in our life. Cmake fun of the views of Hans Moravec. Dget people prepared for the threat of future robots. 44The word “plummet” in paragraph 6 means Adecrease. Bstretch. Cextend. Dgrow. 45What does Moravec think of these future robots？ AThey will look like previous biological children BThey will be humans mind-children. CThey will create a dangerous world. DThey will rule the world. 第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分） 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 My Life at Renda I learned very quickly that being a teaching assistant （TA） at the University of Iowa would be different from being a teacher at Renmin University. （46） Eyes staring， mouths open， students examined my big nose， while I was writing my name on the blackboard. At Iowa， when my first classes began， half of my students still hadnt arrived. When everyone finally found a seat， ringing cellphones and loud yawns （哈欠） interrupted my opening remarks. It is not that American students were disrespectful. （47） They were， however， far more skeptical than the students I had at Renda. The truth is I couldnt fault them for their skepticism. Undergraduates at large US universities - especially freshmen and sophomores - often have several classes a semester handled by TAs. In some cases， the TA sets the course content.（48） Most have good intentions， but very few are as effective as professors. Every teacher has to confront obstacles to learning - no matter what the culture. Students who talk during lectures， students who cheat， students who question the grade they get for a paper or project - dealing with these is all part of the job.（49） The difference， I think， is that in the US I had to swallow more of my pride.（50） I had a responsibility to teach them， of course， but I had to do so indirectly -as a guide who himself had a few things to learn from the students. AIn my students minds， I had little to offer them， except perhaps some sample questions for the mid-term exam. BIn others， the TA works as a grader and discussion leader. CI encountered these in China， and I faced them in the US. DOn the other hand， being taught by a graduate student is not necessarily bad. EMost were polite， or at least， indifferent. FBack at Renda， I had walked into my first classes feeling like a celebrity 第6部分：完形填空（第5155题，每题1分，共15分） 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白拟定一个最佳选项。 Sharks Perform a Service for Earths Waters It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to（51） people frequently. Although these fish perform a valuable（52） for earths waters and for human beings， business and sport fishing are threatening their（53）。 As a result， some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth. Warm weather may influence both fish and shark（54）。 Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their（55） waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas，（56） people also swim. In fact， most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person（57） a sea animal， such as a seal （海豹） or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up， because those are the times when sharks are looking for（58）。 Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry （珠宝） may cause sharks to attack. A shark has an extremely good sense of（59）， with which it can find small amounts of substances in water， such as blood， body liquids and chemicals（60） by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish， any （61） sharks， and plants that live in the ocean. Medical researchers want to learn more about the sharks body defense and immune （免疫的）（62） against disease. Researchers know that sharks（63） quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease. Sharks are important for the worlds oceans， as they eat injured and diseased fish. Their（64） activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too（65）。 This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans. 51A attack B meet C recognize D visit 52A research B experiment C service D analysis 53A power B existenceC mates D skills 54A intelligence B shapeC size D activity 55A fresh B soft C warmD deep 56A whose B whichC that D where 57A to B forC asD with 58A food B help C friends D trainers 59A humor B security C smell D touch 60A contained B produced C usedD added 61A those B theseC another D other 62A systems B processesC ideas D theories 63A recover B escape C return D cut 64A mental B huntingC social D swimming 65A weak B little C few D great 【参考答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D10. B 11. B12. D13. A14. C15. C 16. A17. C18. A19. B20. C 21. A22. B23. B24. D25. F 26. E27. C28. D29. B30. A 31. B32. A33. D34. B35. C 36. D37. B38. C39. A40. C 41. B42. A43. B44. A45. B 46. F47. E48. B49. C50. A 51. A52. C53. B54. D55. C 56. D57. B58. A59. C60. B 61. D62. A63. A64. B65. D