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2019-2020年高中英语基础知识 感叹词的讲解与训练感叹词 知识要点 感叹词是用来表示说话时表达的喜怒哀乐等情感的词。它不构成后面句子的一个语法成分,却在意义上与它有关连,后面的句子一般说明这种情绪的性质、原因。感叹词是英语口语中最富于表现力的词语之一,用途甚广。学会它,对于提高英语的交际能力,表达复杂的思想起着举足轻重的作用。英语中的感叹词很多,但目前的语法著作中却很少对它进行归纳总结,致使许多人对含有感叹词的句子理解不透。现将部分感叹词的用法进行小结: 1. well表示快慰、让步、期望、讥讽、解释、责备、犹豫等,可译为“好吧、不过、好啦、嗯”等。 2. there表示得意、鼓励、同情、悲哀、不耐烦、失望、安慰、挑衅、引起注意等,可译为“哟、瞧、好啦、得啦”等。3. man表示兴奋、轻蔑、不耐烦、引起注意、可译为“啊、嗨”等。4. Oh 表惊讶、指责、痛苦、称赞、懊恼等,可译为“哦”、“哎呀”、“噢”、“啊”、“呀”等。5. Ah表示惊奇、高兴、讨厌、懊悔、藐视、威胁等,可译为“呀、啊”等。6. e表示鼓励、不耐烦、引起注意、安慰等,可译为“喂、好吧、说吧、得啦”等。7. dear表示后悔、难过、怜悯、同情、吃惊、盼望等,可译为“哎呀、天哪”等。8. now 表示警告、命令、请求、说明、安慰筹,可译为“喂、喏、好了”等,有时也可不必译出。9. boy表示高兴、兴奋、惊奇等,可译为“嘿、哇、哼、怎么样”等。 10. 此外还有:(1)ha (惊奇、疑惑、鄙视)。如:Ha! Pround as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me. 哈!这些贵族尽管傲慢,他却害怕见到我。(2)aha(得意、惊奇、嘲弄、满意)。如:The trousers are all right; now the waistcoat; aha, right again.裤子合身;再请穿上背心试试;啊哈,也很合适。 (3)hey(喜悦、打招呼)。如:Hey! I didnt expect to meet you here. 嗨,我没想到会在这儿遇到你。(4)why(吃惊、抗议)。如:Why, whats the harm? 咳,这有什么害处呢?(5)nonsense(胡说)。如:Nonsense, the king shouted. My cook is the best cook in the world.“胡说!”那国王喊道,“我的厨师是世界上最好的厨师。”(6)Good heavens(惊异、不高兴)。如:Good heavens! Listen to that silly child, said the father.“天哪!听听那傻孩子在瞎说些什么!”孩子的父亲说。 疑难突破1、感叹词的位置 感叹词通常位于句首,用逗号或感叹号隔开,意义较强时用感叹号,否则用逗号。感叹词间或也可放在句子中。如:Uoch! Ive got a pain here. 哎哟!我这里疼。Bravo! A strike! 好!好球!2、常用感叹词的用法 常用感叹词表达多种情绪,需根据上下代来推测。(1)Oh(O)表示惊奇、恐惧、懊恼、高兴等。例如:Oh!So you are here!啊!你也在这儿!(惊奇、高兴)Oh!Please dont ask me any more.啊,求你别再问我了。(痛苦)Oh,dont do it again.嗳,不要再做它了。(不耐烦)(2)Ah表示惊奇、高兴、满意、遗憾等。例如:Ah,thats right.嗯,这样就对了。(同意)Ah!So you are back now!啊!你回来了!(高兴)(3)well表示惊奇、快慰、疑问、忍从、松一口气、开始新话题等。例如:Well, here we are at last!好了,我们到底到了。(快慰)Well, it cant be helped.唉,这是没有办法的。(无可奈何)(4)Hello(Hi)用来招呼人,相当于“喂”、“嘿”等。例如:Hello,how are you?喂,您好吗?Hello! This is Mrs. Green speaking. 喂! 我是格林太太。(在电话中说)(5)Why表示惊奇或不足为奇,常常带有“你这都不知道吗?”“原来这样”这类意思。例如:Why, you are ahead of time too! 怎么,你们也提前完成了!(惊奇)Why, even a child knows that! 哎,就是孩子也知道的!(不足为奇)(6)Oh dear ,dear, dear me, (my)goodness表示惊异赞叹、不耐烦、难过等,与汉语里的“天呀”有些相近(这类感叹词女人用得比较多)。例如:My goodness! How could you work so fast! 我的天!你怎么干得这么快!Oh ,dear! Why should you be so stubborn! 天哪,你怎么这么固执!(7)Aha等其他表示感叹的词或短语。Aha(表示得意,满意),Pshaw(表示鄙视、不高兴),Alas(表示痛苦、焦急),whew(惊讶、失望),Hey(喜悦、招呼),Bah(表示鄙视),Bravo(用于欢呼),Hush(要求肃静或低声),Nonsense(相当于汉语的“胡说”),Hurrah(用于欢呼,庆祝胜利),e, e(表示劝说、鼓励等),Now(请求、埋怨、不耐烦、诧异等),Fie(表示轻蔑、羞辱相当于“呸”)。 即学即练1._ different life today is from_ it was fifty years ago!AWhat a;what BHow; what CWhat;what DWhat;how2Shanghai has taken on fl new look_!AW hat great changeBA great change has been taken on flnew lookC How great it has changedDHow it has changed3How _time we had at the big dinner party that night!Aa good Bgood Ca wonderful Dwonderful a4“Hi,Jack,havent seen you for ages!Do you still teach in that school?” “_.Its three years since I taught thereAYes,I have BYes,l do CNo。I havent DNo。I dont 直击高考 .1. (xx湖北卷 21) Poetry written from the _ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege 2.(xx福建卷 26) The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A. result B. cause C. warning D. reflection3. (xx全国卷 33) It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; 不填4.(xx全国卷II 16) As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a5. (xx山东卷 21) Take your timeits just _short distance from here to _ restaurant.A.不填;the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填;a6.(xx全国卷II 11)I got this bicycle for _; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing7.(xx 北京卷34) The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase .A. them B. those C. it D. that8.(xx北京卷21)We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one9.(xx上海春招26)They produced two reports, _of which contained any useful suggestions. A. either B. all C. none D. neither10.(xx全国卷II 12)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is another to play it well yourself. A. quite B. very C. rather D. much11.(xx全国卷II 17)Mr. Stevenson is great to work for - I really couldnt ask for a _ boss. A. better B. good C. best D. still better12.(xx湖北卷23)The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was_,though slow.A. shaky B. heavy C. casual D. steady13.(xx湖北卷24) An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons characters, however, they are not always_,A. practical B. avoidable C. permanent D. beneficial14.(xx江苏卷 27)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.Aconsequence Bindependence Cpetence Dintelligence15.(xx湖北卷22.) Carbon dioxide, which makes a _ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is being warmer. A. difference B. parison C. connection D. barrier16. (xx湖北卷30) An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered _ a long lost antique Greek vase. A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion17.(xx江苏卷 33)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _ for the better.A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead18. (xx江西卷 22)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _.A. curiosity B. satisfaction C. envy D. patience19.(xx辽宁卷) 23. The accident caused some_ to my car, but its nothing serious. A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage20. (xx天津卷7.) While she was in Paris, she developed a _ for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D.habit感叹词即学即练1. B。本题是感叹句。但是life是句中的主语,因而要用how + 形容词引导感叹句。2. D。用了感叹号,提示本题是感叹句。如选A要加一个不定冠词(What a great change!)。修饰动词,要用副词,排除C。正确答案为D。How+ 主语+ 谓语也是一种感叹句句型。例如:How (hard)he works!他工作多努力! 3. D。本题为感叹句。How+ 形容词aan-+-名词等同于What+ aan+ 形容词+名词。4. D。ItS three years since 1 taught there意为:我已3年没在那里教书了。根据句意,本题中的回答应该是否定的。直击高考 1. A。本题考查词汇和句意的理解。句意:从城市青年的角度来写的诗歌更加倾向于揭示他们在缺乏归属感上的焦虑。perspective 观点,看法; 角度;priority优先,优先权;participation n. 参加,参与 ;privilege n. 特权 ,权益;重点结构:written from在句中充当后置定语。2. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意:公众缺乏对生态环保的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。 result结果;cause原因;warning警告;reflection反映,反射;回响。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系,故选B。3. A。考查冠词的用法。句意:人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉,能挺身而出,勇于战斗。a boy和 a man都是泛指,表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。4. D。考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。句意:当Jack走到前门时,看到了一个奇怪的景象。the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门,a strange sight是泛指,相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。5. B。考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。句意:别急从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。a short distance短距离,是固定搭配的短语;the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆,故用the特指。6. D。考查复合不定代词的用法。句意:我没花钱就得了这辆自行车;我的朋友买了一辆新车,就把这辆给了我。据后面gave it to me可判断没花钱,nothing表否定,for表示交换。7.【答案与解析】C。考查代词it的用法。句意:由于当地政府的努力,大城市里的就业率持续升高。it代指前面交代过的the employment rate,是单数,而them和those是复数。8. A。考查代词it的用法。句意:我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指to make our country a better place。9. D。考查不定代词的用法。依据句意“他们提供了两份报告,没有一份报告含有任何有用的建议”选择D项。 neither两个都不;either两者之一,但后半句里的any useful suggestions与否定连用;all与none指三个或三个以上,与前面的two reports不相一致。10. A。考查副词的辨析。句意:听音乐是一回事,但是演奏音乐完全是另一回事。在第二句中another后省略了thing。Another是一个不分级的形容词,修饰不可分级的形容词如right, wrong, ready, full, empty, perfect, impossible, alone, unique 等时,通常只用 quite,此时quite 并不表示“相当”或“很”,而表示“完全”。如:Youre quite right (wrong)。 你完全正确(错了)。quite another (thing)表示“完全不同、完全是另一回事”。故选A项。11. A。考查形容词的比较级。根据句意前半句可知,史蒂文先生工作棒极了,后面意味这再也找不到更好的老板了,依据信息点couldnt选择A项,否定副词与比较级连用表达最高级意义。 D项still一词虽然可以修饰形容词比较级,用以加强语气,表示“更”,但却不用于该结构中。12. D。考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意:这位老科学家的双眼仍然神采奕奕,即便满脸已经布满了皱纹。在穿过这个房间的时候,尽管走得很慢,但是却很平稳。选择D项steady“稳的, 稳定的, 坚定的”。casual漠不关心的,冷淡的;heavy沉重的;shaky颤抖的;此三项不合题意。13. C。考查形容词。根据句义:一个不快乐的童年对给一个孩子的个性产生消极的影响;然而,这种影响也不是长久的。Beneficial有利的,有益的;practical实际的,实践的;Avoidable可以避免的;C合题意。14. C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。consequence后果,结果;independence独立;petence能力,胜任,称职;intelligence智力, 智慧, 理解力;根据句意选C。15. D。本题考查词汇和句意的理解。difference 差别,差异 ;parison 比较,对照; connection 连接,联系,关系; barrier 障碍,屏障;本题中有一个which引导的非限制性定义从句,一个短语prevents from。句意:二氧化碳在我们与太阳之间的形成了一道屏障,它可以防止热量轻易逃离大气层,因此地球变得越来越暖。16. B。本题考查短语和句意的理解。at random任意地,随便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;无意之中;碰巧;in turn轮流地;相应地;on occasion有时,间或。句意:一个艺术家最近乘坐渡轮到那个南方岛屿旅游,他无意之中竟然发现失传已久的古希腊花瓶。17. C。本题考查固定短语在语境中的使用。A. take a share分担,为出力 B. take a chance冒险 C. take a turn转弯,转;(情况、形势等)转变 D. take a lead领先,带头。根据本句,for the better的提示,可见是讲转变,变得更好,所以选C。句意:有了源于其他食品文化的灵感,美国饮食文化可以变得更好。18. D。考查with+名词搭配的介宾短语。A. with curiosity好奇地;B. with satisfaction满意地;C. with envy羡慕地;D. with patience耐心地。句意:无论什么时候我犯了错,老师总是耐心地给我指出来。19. D。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. harm伤害,害处 B. injury意外伤害 C. ruin毁灭(不可修复);废墟D. damage破坏,损坏(可以修复)。根据后一句its nothing serious,可知造成的破坏不严重,可以修复。所以选D。句意:这次事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏,但并不严重。20. C。本题考查名词的词义辨析。句意:当她在巴黎时,培养了自己鉴赏精美艺术品的品位。A项way方式、方法;B项relation关系,联系;C项taste品位,鉴赏,符合句意;而D项意为“习惯”。
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