2022年考博英语-武汉大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解35

2022年考博英语-武汉大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题各国文明的多样性，是人类社会的基本特征，也是推动世界文明进步的重要动力。当今世界拥有60亿人口，200多个国家和地区，2 500多个民族，5 000多种语言。由于历史传统、宗教信仰、文化背景、社会制度、价值观念和发展程度的不同，各个国家和地区才具有了各自鲜明的特征，整个人类文明也因此而交相辉映、多姿多彩、富有活力。这种文明的多样性是在历史长河中形成的，并将长期存在下去。我们应该尊重和维护各国文明的多样性，而不应人为歧视或贬低他国文明；应该鼓励各种文明在对话交流中相互借鉴、取长补短，而不应相互隔绝和相互排斥；应该倡导各种文明在相互包容、求同存异中共同发展，而不应强求一律、强加于人。随着经济全球化和新科技革命的发展，国家间的相互联系和相互依存愈益加深，但这并不意味着可以忽视和削弱国家主权的地位与作用。必须实行国际关系民主化。不尊重别国主权，以大欺小，以强凌弱，推行霸权主义和强权政治，实践证明是行不通的。Directions:Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】The diversity of the worlds civilizations is a basic hallmark of human society and an important driving force that propels human progress. Our world today has over 6 billion inhabitants living in more than 200 countries and regions. They break down into over 2,500 ethnic groups and speak more than 5,000 different languages. Because of the difference in historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from one another. It is these differences that make our planet dazzling, colorful and bustling with life. Such diversity is a legacy of history and will stay with us into the future. Instead of harboring bias against or deliberately belittling other civilizations, we should give full respect to the diversity of civilizations all over the world. Instead of shutting each other out in mutual exclusion, we should encourage dialogues and exchanges between civilizations so that they can learn from each other in mutual emulation. Instead of demanding uniformity and imposing ones will on others, we should promote common development of all civilizations in the course of mutual tolerance and seeking agreement while shelving differences.With the globalization of economy and the advancement in new, scientific and technological revolution, the interconnection and interdependence between countries are developing in depth, but this doesnt mean allowing of ignoring and weakening the status and role of a nations sovereignty. It is necessary to have greater democracy in international relations. Practice indicates that the disregard for other countries sovereignty, the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak and the pursuance of hegemonism and power politics wont work.2. 单选题Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. These people, from the dim mists of prehistory have been wall-conscious; from the Neolithic periodwhen ramparts of pounded earth were used-to the Communist Revolution, walls were an essential part of any village. Not only towns and villages, the houses and the temples within them were somehow walled, and the houses also had no windows overlooking the street, thus giving the feeling of wandering around a huge maze. The name for “city” in Chinese means wall, and over these walled cities, villages, houses and temples presides the god of walls and mounts,whose duties were, and still are, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the inhabitants. Thus a great and extremely laborious task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run through the country, must not have seemed such an absurdity.However,it is indeed a common mistake to perceive the great wall as a single architectural structure, and it would also be erroneous to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. For the building of the wall spanned the various dynasties and each of these dynasties somehow contributed to the reburbishing and the construction of a wall, whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago. It was during the fourth and third century B. C. that each warring state started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads. Especially three of these states: the Qin, the Zhao and the Yan, corresponding respectively to the modern provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei, over and above building walls that surrounded their kindoms, also laid the foundations on which Qin Shi Huang Di would build his first continuous Great Wall.The role that the Great Wall played in the growth of Chinese economy was an important one. Throughout the centuries many settlements were established along the new border. The garrison troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it, roads and canals were built, to mention just a few of the works carried out. All these undertakings greatly helped to increase the countrys trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asiathe formation of the Silk Route. Builders, garrisons,artisans,farmers and peasants left behind a trail of objects, including inscribed tablets, household articles, and written work, which have become extremely valuable archaeological evidence to the study of defense institutions of the Great Wall and the everyday life of these people who lived and died along the wall.1.Chinese cities resembled a maze because（ ）.2.Constructing a wall that ran the length of the country （ ） .3.The Great Wall of China （ ） .4.Crops were planted（ ） .问题1选项A.they were designed to protect their kingdomsB.the houses had no external windowsC.the name for cities means “wall”D.walls have always been important there问题2选项A.honored the god of walls and mountsB.was an absurdly laborious taskC.may have made sense within Chinese cultureD.made the country look like a huge maze问题3选项A.used existing foundationsB.was built in a single dynastyC.was built by the Qin, the Zhao and the YanD.was refurbished in the fourth and third centuries B. C.问题4选项A.on wastelandB.to reclaim wastelandC.on reclaimed wastelandD.along the canals【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. Chinese cities resembled a maze because _. 1. 中国城市就像一个迷宫，因为_。A. they were designed to protect their kingdoms A. 它们被设计来保护它们的王国B. the houses had no external windows B. 房子没有外部窗户C. the name for cities means “wall” C. 城市的意思是“墙”D. walls have always been important there D. 在那里，墙一直都很重要【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第一段第三句“不仅是城镇和村庄，房屋和寺庙都有围墙，房子也没有窗户可以俯瞰街道，给人一种在巨大迷宫中漫步的感觉（giving the feeling of wandering around a huge maze）”，从中可知，中国的城市像一个迷宫，是因为房子没有窗户，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“它们被设计来保护它们的王国”是公元前4世纪和公元前3世纪的国家修护城墙的目的，和题干无关，张冠李戴；C项“城市的意思是墙”和D项“在那里，墙一直都很重要”虽然在文中有提及，但是并不符合题干的问题，属于张冠李戴。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. Constructing a wall that ran the length of the country _. 2. 建造一堵贯穿整个国家的墙_。A. honored the god of walls and mounts A. 是为了纪念墙神和山神B. was an absurdly laborious task B. 是一项极其费力的工作C. may have made sense within Chinese culture C. 可能在中国文化中有意义D. made the country look like a huge maze D. 让这个国家看起来像个巨大的迷宫【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段最后一句“因此，像修筑一堵穿越全国的城墙这样艰巨而又极其费力的工作，就不会显得如此荒谬了”，结合它的上一句“在这些有城墙的城市、村庄、房屋和寺庙的上方，有墙神和山神，他们的职责过去是现在依然是保护和负责居民的福利”综合理解可知，修筑贯穿全国的高墙是一项艰巨而又费力的工作，但是在中国文化中，城墙上有墙神和山神，来保佑居民的福利；所以建造一堵贯穿整个国家的墙在中国的文化中是具有一定意义的，C项“可能在中国文化中有意义”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“是为了纪念墙神和山神”根据解题思路可知，该项曲解原文；B项“是一项极其费力的工作”虽然在文中确有提及，但不是题干问的重点之处，属于本末倒置；D项“让这个国家看起来像个巨大的迷宫”与建造一堵贯穿整个国家的墙的原因无关，偷换概念。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. The Great Wall of China _. 3. 中国长城_。A. used existing foundations A. 使用存在的地基B. was built in a single dynasty B. 是在一个朝代建造的C. was built by the Qin, the Zhao and the Yan C. 是由秦朝、赵朝和燕朝建造的D. was refurbished in the fourth and third centuries B. C. D. 在公元前4世纪和公元前3世纪被翻修【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第二段第二句“因为长城的修建跨越了各个朝代（wall spanned the various dynasties），而每个朝代都在某种程度上对长城的翻新和建造做出了贡献，而这些长城的地基在许多世纪以前就已经奠定了（whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago）”，从中可知，长城的地基在很久以前就有了，所以A项“使用存在的地基”表述与原文相符。故该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B项“是在一个朝代建造的”，根据解题思路可知，长城的修建跨越了好几个朝代，该项与原文不符，属于曲解原文；C项“是由秦朝、赵朝和燕朝建造的”，根据第二段最后两句“在公元前4世纪和公元前3世纪，每个交战的国家开始建造城墙来保护自己的王国，以抵御彼此和北方游牧民族的入侵。特别是其中三个国家（three of these states）：秦朝、赵国和燕国”，可知，每一个交战国家都有建造城墙，而秦、赵、燕只是其中的几个国家，该项偷换概念；D项“在公元前4世纪和公元前3世纪被翻修”，根据C选项的解题思路可知，公元前4世纪至公元前3世纪才开始修建长城，而不是翻新，该项曲解原文。第4题:4.【选项释义】4. Crops were planted _. 4. 庄稼种植_。A. on wasteland A. 在荒地上B. to reclaim wasteland B. 为了开垦荒地C. on reclaimed wasteland C. 在开垦的荒地上D. along the canals D. 沿着运河【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据关键词crops定位至第三段第三句“卫戍部队奉命开垦荒地，在上面种植庄稼（The garrison troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it）”，从中可知，庄稼的种植是在开垦了的荒地上，C项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“在荒地上”根据解题思路可知，该项表述与原文不符，曲解原文；B项“为了开垦荒地”并不是庄稼种植的目的，而是其原因，该项偷换概念；D项“沿着运河”，原文只是提到修建运河，并没有说庄稼种植在运河边上，该项曲解原文。3. 不定项选择题Of all the people on my holiday shopping list, there was one little boy for whom buying a gift had become increasingly difficult. Hes a wonderful child, adorable and loving, and hes not fussy or irritable or spoiled. Though he lives across the country from me, I receive regular updates and photos, and he likes all the things that the boys his age want to play with. Shopping for him should be easy, but I find it hard to summon up any enthusiasm, because in all the years Ive given him presents, he never once sent me a thank-you note.“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,” mourns Mary Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms. Demeanor” and author of six etiquette books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me : I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is a tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside its an attitude based on respecting other people.”A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a horse on it.) ; a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state to find such a unique item! ) ; a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way it has enhanced your life (Ill be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!).So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most appropriate time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot. I have explained to my kids how I have reacted to not hearing from the little boy how it made me feel unappreciated and unmotivated to repeat the process next year.I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-thank-you notes ; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special just as, we hope, the recipient feels. Its a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.1.The author felt unmotivated when buying a gift for the little boy because he（ ）.2.According to Ms. Demeanor, showing appreciation has the benefit of （ ） .3.In a thank-you note, “The book will be my good companion when I am alone.” serves as （ ） .4.What does the author mean by “while the tinsel is hot”(Line 2, Para. 6)?问题1选项A.purposely intended not to show gratitude for her kindness and considerationB.had never expressed appreciation of the gifts he received in previous yearsC.had no idea how thoughtful she was in choosing a gift for himD.didnt like any of the gift she had given him问题2选项A.forming the habit of good mannersB.regaining the lost art of expressing thanksC.motivating the gift giver to buy more giftsD.distinguishing oneself from others in work and life问题3选项A.a recognition of the time and effort spent to select itB.an announcement of how it has enhanced your lifeC.a prediction of how you will use your giftD.an acknowledgement of the gift问题4选项A.The moment her kids receive a gift.B.The moment she starts choosing gifts for each kid.C.When the art of sending thank-you notes isnt lost yet.D.When her kids still remember who bought the gifts for them【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. The author felt unmotivated when buying a gift for the little boy because he _. 1. 作者在给小男孩买礼物时感到没有动力，因为他_。A. purposely intended not to show gratitude for her kindness and consideration A. 故意不表示对她的善良和体贴的感激B. had never expressed appreciation of the gifts he received in previous years B. 从未对前几年收到的礼物表示过感谢C. had no idea how thoughtful she was in choosing a gift for him C. 不知道她在为他挑选礼物时考虑得有多周到D. didnt like any of the gift she had given him D. 不喜欢她送给他的任何礼物【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第一段最后一句“为他买礼物应该很容易，但我发现很难唤起任何热情，因为在我送他礼物的这些年里，他从来没有给过我一封感谢信（because in all the years Ive given him presents, he never once sent me a thank-you note）”，从中可知，作者在给小男孩买礼物时感到没有动力，因为他没有为前面几年的礼物写过感谢信，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“故意不表示对她的善良和体贴的感激”过度解读，曲解原文；C选项“不知道她在为他挑选礼物时考虑得有多周到”和D选项“不喜欢她送给他的任何礼物”没有提到，无中生有。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. According to Ms. Demeanor, showing appreciation has the benefit of _. 2. 据迪米娜称，表达感激对_有好处。A. forming the habit of good manners A. 养成良好的习惯B. regaining the lost art of expressing thanks B. 重拾遗失的表达感谢的艺术C. motivating the gift giver to buy more gifts C. 激励送礼物的人买更多的礼物D. distinguishing oneself from others in work and life D. 在工作和生活中脱颖而出【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“感恩的态度是一种非常重要的生活技能，是一种有效而廉价的方式，可以让我们在职场和成人生活中脱颖而出（set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives）”可知，迪米娜认为表示感恩能够让我们在工作和生活中脱颖而出。故该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“养成良好的习惯”、B选项“重拾遗失的表达感谢的艺术”和C选项“激励送礼物的人买更多的礼物”没有提及，无中生有。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. In a thank-you note, “The book will be my good companion when I am alone.” serves as _. 3. 在一封感谢信中，“当我孤独的时候，这本书将是我的好伴侣。”是_。A. a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it A. 对花在选择它上的时间和精力的认可B. an announcement of how it has enhanced your life B. 如何提升了你的生活的宣告C. a prediction of how you will use your gift C. 你将如何使用你的礼物的预测D. an acknowledgement of the gift D. 对礼物的致谢【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第五段的内容可知，感谢信应该包含的三个部分是：对礼物的认可，对选择礼物所花费的时间和精力的认可，以及预测你将如何使用礼物或者它如何提高你的生活。所以从“当我孤独的时候，这本书将是我的好伴侣。”可以看出，这句话是强调礼物的用途，即原文所说的“将如何使用你的礼物”。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“对花在选择它上的时间和精力的认可”并不是这句话的作用，张冠李戴；B选项“如何提升了你的生活的宣告”文中没有提到，无中生有；D选项“对礼物的致谢”范围太广，不详细，张冠李戴。第4题:4.【选项释义】4. What does the author mean by “while the tinsel is hot” (Para. 6)? 4. 作者第6段所说的“while the tinsel is hot”是什么意思？A. The moment her kids receive a gift. A. 她的孩子收到礼物的那一刻。B. The moment she starts choosing gifts for each kid. B. 当她开始为每个孩子挑选礼物的时候。C. When the art of sending thank-you notes isnt lost yet. C. 当发送感谢信的艺术还没有消失的时候。D. When her kids still remember who bought the gifts for them. D. 当她的孩子还记得是谁给他们买的礼物时。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第六段第一句“所以，五年前，在我为数不多的一次作为父母的领悟中，我决定，教导这一基本礼貌的最合适时机是while the tinsel is hot”，结合下一句“我宣布，从今以后，每收到一件礼物，都将成为立即当场写感谢信的机会”，综合理解可知，while the tinsel is hot指的是“在收到礼物的那一刻就写感谢信”，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“当她开始为每个孩子挑选礼物的时候”、C选项“当发送感谢信的艺术还没有消失的时候”和D选项“当她的孩子还记得是谁给他们买的礼物时”理解错误，属于曲解原文。4. 单选题The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are actually caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in the isolated Arctic Regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty rooms. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.1.Which of the following does NOT agree with the chosen passage?2.Arctic explorers may catch colds when（ ）.3.Volunteers of the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit （ ） .4.The passage mainly discusses （ ） .问题1选项A.The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.B.Colds are not caused by cold.C.People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.D.A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.问题2选项A.they are working in the isolated Arctic RegionsB.they are writing reports in terribly cold weatherC.they are free from work in the isolated Arctic RegionsD.they are corning into touch again with the outside world问题3选项A.suffered much from coldnessB.never caught coldsC.always caught coldsD.became very strong问题4选项A.the experiments on the common coldB.the viruses of the common coldC.the reason and the way people catch coldsD.the continued spread of common colds【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. Which of the following does NOT agree with the chosen passage? 1. 下列哪一项与文章不一致？A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time. A. 爱斯基摩人并不总是感冒。B. Colds are not caused by cold. B. 感冒不是由寒冷引起的。C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors. C. 人们患感冒只是因为他们喜欢待在室内。D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one. D. 一个人可能会因为接触已经感冒的人而感冒。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据第二段倒数第三句“科学家给出的一种解释是，与其他时候相比，人们在寒冷的天气里更倾向于待在室内，这使得感冒病毒更容易传播”，可知，这里是对冬天更容易感冒的解释，并不是说人们患感冒是因为他们喜欢待在室内，故C项“人们患感冒只是因为他们喜欢待在室内”表述与原文不符合，但符合题意。故该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“爱斯基摩人并不总是感冒”，根据第一段第三和第四句“如果感冒是由寒冷引起的，那么爱斯基摩人将永远遭受感冒的折磨是有道理的。但事实并非如此。”可知，感冒并不是寒冷引起的，所以爱斯基摩人不会总是感冒，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；B项“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”，根据文章第一段第一句“最普遍的谬论（fallacy）是感冒是由寒冷引起的”，从fallacy（谬论）可知，感冒并不是由寒冷引起的，该项也符合原文，属于反向干扰；D项“一个人可能会因为接触已经感冒的人而感冒”，根据第一段第二句“感冒实际上是由人与人之间传播的病毒引起的”可知，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _. 2. 当_，北极探险家可能会感冒。A. they are working in the isolated Arctic Regions A. 他们在与世隔绝的北极地区工作B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather B. 他们在极冷的天气里写报告C. they are free from work in the isolated Arctic Regions C. 他们不用在与世隔绝的北极地区工作D. they are corning into touch again with the outside world D. 他们又开始与外界接触【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据关键词Arctic explorers定位至第一段最后一句“在与世隔绝的北极地区，探险家们报告说，在通过从飞机上扔下的包裹和邮件与外界的感染者再次接触之前，他们没有感冒”，从中可知，探险家们在接触外界之前没有感冒，这也就是说当他们接触外界时，他们可能会感冒，D项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“他们在与世隔绝的北极地区工作”，根据解题思路可知，该项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；B项“他们在极冷的天气里写报告”在原文没有依据，属于无中生有；C项“他们不用在与世隔绝的北极地区工作”，根据原文可知，北极探险家并不是因为在与世隔绝的北极地区才没感冒，而是没有接触带有病毒的感染者，该项属于偷换概念。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. Volunteers of the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _. 3. 在普通感冒研究中心做实验的志愿者_。A. suffered much from coldness A. 深受寒冷之苦B. never caught colds B. 从来不感冒C. always caught colds C. 总是感冒D. became very strong D. 非常强壮【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据关键词Common Cold Research Unit定