2022-2023年考博英语-中国传媒大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第33期

2022-2023年考博英语-中国传媒大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearers background, personality and social outlook.Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate peoples impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person s education, background, or interests.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyle of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore change the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” groomingshorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she wont get a job.”1. The author believes that we can use clothes to（）.2. The phrase “agree on” (Line 1, Para. 3) can best be replaced by “（）”.3. It is commonly agreed that（）.4. By saying that “it has been otherwise for women”, the author means that（）.5. According to the last paragraph, male administrators tend to hire a woman（）.问题1选项A.lead others to believe we are who we appear to beB.make a correct judgment on peoples personalitiesC.improve our social statusD.influence peoples mood问题2选项A.sing high praise ofB.be influenced byC.be unanimous inD.follow the example of问题3选项A.newscasters should be conservativeB.college students play an active role in interpersonal relationshipsC.clothes enables people to be confidentD.job interviews and court appearances are stressful situations问题4选项A.women couldnt achieve success as easily as menB.women dont have a well-defined dress codeC.women have to merge “masculine attributes into clothingD.women enjoy more freedom in the choice of clothing问题5选项A.without feminine attributesB.with a masculine appearanceC.with some masculine attributesD.attractive and femininely-dressed【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的首句“Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate peoples impression of us. 由于衣服是社会信息的重要来源，我们可以利用它来改变人们对我们的印象。”，也就是说，可以让别人相信我们就是我们所看起来的这个样子。选项A符合原文。选项B“对人们的个性做出准确的判断”不正确，因为衣服只是提供线索，不一定判断就是准确的；选项C“提高社会地位”和选项D“影响人们心情”都是改变人们对我们的印象，让别人相信我们就是我们所看起来的这个样子。所以选项A正确。2.语义题。这个词组在原文中所在句的意思是“人们往往会 某些衣服类型的含义”，“agree on”本意表示“同意”，再根据下文的举例，“青春期的女孩很容易 那些穿某种服装的女孩的生活方式，包括她们可能有多少男朋友，她们是否抽烟或喝酒”。两处“agree on”表达的是同样的意思，所以这里是指“形成相同的看法”。所以选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的第三句“新闻播音员，或者是那些在电视上读新闻的播音员，当他们穿着保守的时候会被认为更有说服力，更诚实，更有能力”，原文并没有说新闻播音员应该保守，所以选项A曲解了原文意思，不正确；再根据下一句“那些认为自己在人际关系中扮演积极角色的大学生说，他们关心的是成功扮演这些角色所必须穿的服装”，并不能说明大学生在人际关系中起着积极的作用，所以选项B也不正确；根据第三段的最后一句“当你预期会有压力的时候，比如面试或出庭，或许你会用衣服来获得自信”，选项C“衣服使人自信”，这里的clothing并不是指任何的clothing，而是指特定的某种clothing，所以选项C所指过泛；选项D“工作面试和出庭都是压力很大的情形”符合原文。所以本题答案为选项D。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段第一句“In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success.”可知，在工作场所，男性长期以来都有明确定义的成功的先例和榜样。对于女性来说情况则完全不同，说明男性有明确的穿衣模式，女性没有。后文又讲到商业中的女性不知道该如何选择合适的着装，由此可知所以选项B“女性没有定义好的穿衣模式”符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” groomingshorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. ”可知，男性管理者倾向于选择那些女性特质少的人管理职位上任职管理岗位，也就是打扮得不那么具有“女人味”，要带有一些男性特质，比如短发、适度化妆、穿着简单的定制套装。所以选项C正确。2. 单选题This painting perfectly（）the impressionistic style, which was so popular at the time.问题1选项A.examinesB.exemplifiesC.extractsD.exempts【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。“examine检查，调查”；exemplify“例证，例示”；extract“提取，摘录”；exempt“免除，豁免”。句意：这幅画完美的例证了在那个时期非常流行的印象派风格。选项B更符合语境。3. 单选题These are two（）issues, but people often take them as one.问题1选项A.obliviousB.distinguishedC.distinctD.evident【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项oblivious“遗忘的，健忘的”。B选项distinguished “著名的，卓著 的”。C选项distinct “明显的，独特的，有区别的”。D选项evident“明显的，明白的”。句意：这是两个截然不同的问题，但人们往往把它们视为一个问题。but表示转折，说明前面所表述的问题是不同的，独特的。因此C选项符合题。4. 单选题The industrial community should be close enough to the crowded centers but distant enough to reduce （） hazards.问题1选项A.feasibleB.activeC.substantialD.potential【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项feasible “可行的；可能的;”；B选项active “积极的；活跃的”；C选项substantial “大量的；实质的”；D选项potential “潜在的，可能的”。句意:工业区应该离拥挤的中心足够近，但要足够远，以减少潜在的危险。所选之词应修饰hazards(危险)，而且其意应为“潜在的或可能发生的”危险。故选D。5. 单选题In last weeks Tribune, there was an interesting letter from Mr. J. Stewart Cook, in which he suggested that the best way of avoiding the danger of a “scientific hierarchy would be to see to it that every member of the general public was, as far as possible, scientifically educated. At the same time, scientists should be brought out of their isolation and encouraged to take a greater part in politics and administration.As a general statement, I think most of us would agree with this, but I notice that, as usual, Mr. Cook does not define science, and merely implies in passing that it means certain exact sciences whose experiments can be made under laboratory conditions. Thus, adult education tends “to neglect scientific studies in favor of literary, economic and social subjects”, economics and sociology not being regarded as branches of science, apparent. This point is of great importance. For the word science is at present used in at least two meanings, but the whole question of scientific education is obscured by the current tendency to dodge from one meaning to the other.Science is generally taken as meaning either (a) the exact sciences, such as chemistry, physics, etc., or (b) a method of thought which obtains verifiable results by reasoning logically from observed fact.If you ask any scientist, or indeed almost any educated person, “What is science? You are likely to get an answer approximating to (b). In everyday life, however, both in speaking and in writing, when people say “science” they mean (a). Science means something that happens in a laboratory: test-tubes balances, Bunsen burners, microscopes. A biologist, an astronomer, perhaps psychologist or a mathematician, is described as a man of science no one would think of applying this term to a statesman, a poet, a journalist or even a philosopher. And those who tell us that the young must be scientifically educated mean, almost invariably, that they should be taught more about radioactivity, or the stars, or the physiology of their own bodies, rather than that they should be taught to think more exactly.This confusion of meaning, which is partly deliberate, has in it a great danger, Implied in the demand for more scientific education is the claim that if one has been scientifically trained ones approach to all subjects will be more intelligent than if one had had no such training. A scientists political opinions, it is assumed, his opinions on sociological questions, on morals, on philosophy perhaps even on the arts, will be more valuable than those of a layman. But a “scientist”, as we have just seen, means in practice a specialist in one of the exact sciences. It follows that a chemist or physicist, as such, is politically more intelligent than a poet or a lawyer. And, in fact, there are already millions of people who do believe this.But is it really true that a scientist, in this narrower sense, is any likelier than other people to approach non-scientific problems in an objective way? There is not much reason for thinking so. Take one simple testthe ability to withstand nationalism. It is often loosely said that Science is international, but in practice the scientific workers of all countries line up behind their own governments with fewer scruples than are felt by the writers and the artists. The German scientific community, as a whole, made no resistance to Hitler. There were plenty of gifted men to do the necessary research on such things as synthetic oil, jet planes, rocket projectiles and the atomic bomb.On the other hand, what happened to German literature when the Nazis came to power? I believe exhaustive lists have been published, but I imagine that the number of German scientistsJew apartwho voluntarily exiled themselves or were persecuted by the regime was much smaller than the number of writers and journalists. More sinister than this, a number of German scientists swallowed the monstrosity (巨大而丑陋的东西) of racial science”But does this mean that the general public should not be more scientifically educated? On the contrary. All it means is that scientific education for the masses will do little good, and probably a lot of harm, if it simply boils down to more physics, more chemistry, more biology, etc. to the detriment of literature and history. Its probable effect on the average human being would be to narrow the range of his thoughts and make him more than ever contemptuous of such knowledge as he did not possess; and his political reactions would probably be somewhat less intelligent than those of an illiterate peasant who retained a few historical memories and a fairly sound aesthetic sense.Clearly, scientific education ought to mean the implanting of a rational, skeptical, experimental habit of mind. It ought to mean acquiring a methoda method that can be used on any problem that one meetsand not simply piling up a lot of facts. Put it in those words, and the apologist of scientific education will usually agree. Press him further, ask him to particularize, and somehow it always turns out that scientific education means more attention to the exact sciences, in other wordsmore facts. The idea that science means a way of looking at the world, and not simply a body of knowledge, is in practice strongly resisted. I think sheer professional, jealousy is part of the reason for this.1. We know from the second paragraph that the author considers the present definition of the word “science” （）.2. When people are talking about science, they may NOT refer to（）.3. The author, contrasts German science with Clurman literature to support viewpoint that（）.4. An average person ignorant of history, being compared with an illiterate farmer, with historical memories is to show that （）.5. The passage can be best summarized as（）.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.ambivalentC.questionableD.inappropriate问题2选项A.physicsB.physiologyC.philosophyD.psychology问题3选项A.German literature has long been persecuted by the governmentB.writers are the most disruptive force of a governmentC.scientists are more inclined to support their governments than writersD.German scientists should not be on the side of the racists问题4选项A.in scientific education, the teaching of history shouldnt be neglectedB.history is important for a person who wants to be outstandingC.history is the most important subject in scientific educationD.in scientific education, more history courses should be provided问题5选项A.contrasting science with literatureB.explaining what science isC.giving a better definition of scienceD.pointing out peoples misunderstanding of science【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“从第二段中可知，作者认为当下对科学这个词的定义是怎样的？”文章第二段最后一句话提到“因为在当下科学的含义至少有两种，但目前人们倾向于从一种含义转向另一种含义，这整个科学教育问题模糊不清”(For the word science is at present used in at least two meanings, but the whole question of scientific education is obscured by the current tendency to dodge from one meaning to the other)，因此选项A“模糊不清的，模棱两可的”符合题意。ambivalent “矛盾的”；questionable “可疑的，有问题的”；inappropriate “不适当的”。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当人们谈论科学时，他们没有涉及到下列哪项？”文章第四段提到生物学家、天文学家，可能是心理学家或数学家，被描述为科学家，而没有人会想到用这个词来形容政治家、诗人、记者甚至哲学家（A biologist, an astronomer, perhaps psychologist or a mathematician, is described as a man of science no one would think of applying this term to a statesman, a poet, a journalist or even a philosopher），由此可知人们在谈论科学时，他们不是指哲学，因此选项C符合题意。Physics “物理学”；physiology “生理学”；psychology “心理学”。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者将德国科学与克鲁曼文学进行对比，来支持下列哪个观点？”文章第六段第四句提到人们常泛泛地说“科学是国际性的”，但实际上所有国家的科学工作者都站在自己征服一边，比作家和艺术家们所感到的顾虑要少得多(It is often loosely said that Science is international, but in practice the scientific workers of all countries line up behind their own governments with fewer scruples than are felt by the writers and the artists)。然后将德国科学家与文学家对待纳粹党的态度进行对比，指出前者接受纳粹党，而后者则由于反对而受到迫害的居多，因此选项C“科学家比作家更倾向于支持他们的政府”符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“一个对历史一无所知的普通人，与一个目不识丁的农民相比，用历史的记忆来说明什么？”文章倒数第二段提到对大众的科学教育如果只是注重在物理、化学、生物等方面的教育并没有好处，可能还会有危害。然后提到接受科学教育的一般人的政治反应可能比一个目不识丁的农民的反应要迟钝，因为后者还保留着一些历史记忆和相当健全的审美意识（Its probable effect on the average human being would be to narrow the range of his thoughts and make him more than ever contemptuous of such knowledge as he did not possess; and his political reactions would probably be somewhat less intelligent than those of an illiterate peasant who retained a few historical memories and a fairly sound aesthetic sense），由此可知作者是为了说明在科学教育中，历史教学不应该被忽略，选项A符合题意。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章可以最好地概括为”。文章开篇由一封信引出科学这个概念，提到科学至少有两种定义，而当下用得比较多的定义是第一种，即精确的科学，比如化学、物理学等；接着提到科学家与文学家的区别，并且举了德国科学与文学之间的区别的例子，这些都是在围绕“科学是什么”这个主题进行。因此选项B符合题意。6. 单选题In 2008 there were fears that we might enter another economic（）as bad as the 1930s.问题1选项A.dropB.recessionC.decreaseD.slump【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。drop“水滴”；recession“衰退，不景气”；decrease“减少，降低”；slump“（价格，数量等）骤降”。句意：2008年的时候，有人担心我们可能会进入与上世纪30年代一样严重的又一次的经济衰退。选项B更符合语境。7. 单选题I（）that he was a little crippled in the leg so I slowed down my pace.问题1选项A.perceivedB.deceivedC.conceivedD.received【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项perceive“察觉；理解；认知”；B选项deceive“欺骗；行骗”；C选项conceive“怀孕；构思；持有”；D选项receive“收到；接待；接纳”。句意：他的腿有点瘸，所以我放慢了脚步。“我”放慢脚步是因为“发现、察觉”他腿脚不便，因此A选项正确。8. 单选题They persecute those who do not（）to their ideas.问题1选项A.surrenderB.confirmC.submitD.conform【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。surrender“投降，屈服”，一般指战败而屈服；confirm“确认，证实”，一般指通过提供证据证明或表明某事物（绝对）正确；submit“服从，提交”，一般指放弃抵抗，愿意服从对方；conform“符合，遵守”，侧重于以同一群体或社会中大多数人的相同方式行动和思考。句意：他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的人。这里是的关键词是“idea”，所以选项D最恰当。9. 单选题A censors duty is to ensure that no content is （） in publication or films.问题1选项A.evilB.obscureC.obsceneD.opaque【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项evil “恶毒的;邪恶的”；B选项obscure “无名的;鲜为人知的”；C选项obscene “淫秽的;猥亵的”；D选项opaque “不透明的;不透光的”。句意：审查员的职责是确保出版物或电影中没有淫秽内容。根据关键词“审查员的职责”可知C符合句意。10. 单选题It is（）that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.问题1选项A.allergicB.amateurC.annualD.absurd【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。allergic“对极讨厌”;amateur“业余的，外行的”；annual“每年的，年度的”；absurd “荒谬的，可笑的”。根据后面提到的“做同样的工作，女性获得的报酬比男性的少”，可知这种做法是荒谬的，因此选项D符合题意。句意：做同样的工作，女性获得的报酬比男性的少，这是很荒谬的。11. 单选题Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors, including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed.1.Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Dam as io calls “gut feeling”. Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. For example, when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake, sensors on their skins will detect sweat, a sign of anxiety; even though the people say they do not feel fear. The sweat shows up even when a picture is presented so rapidly that the subject has no conscious awareness of seeing it.Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may be unaware of his irritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them.Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotional intelligence: being able to shake off a bad mood.2.Mood Management. Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character. The key is balance.We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their strategies for escaping foul moods. Her research, along with that of other psychologists, provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.Of all the moods that people want to escape, rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When someone in another car cuts you off on the highway, your reflexive thought may be: That jerk! He could have hit me! I cant let him get away with that! The more you stew, the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of hypertension and reckless driving.What should you do to relieve rage? One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact, researchers have found thats one of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is “reframing”, which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put anger to rest.Going off alone to cool down is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you cant think clearly. Tice found that a large proportion of men cool down by going for a drive a finding that inspired her to dive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do, dont waste the time pursuing your train of anger thoughts. Your aim should be to distract yourself.The techniques of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation and you have an arsenal of weapons against bad moods.1.What are gut feeling?2.According to the author, the importance of knowing ones gut feeling is that（）.3.The word “spice”（Para.6）is closet in meaning to（）.4.On mood control, the author seems to suggest that we（）.5.The essence of “reframing” is（）.问题1选项A.They are feeling one is born with.B.They are feelings one may be unaware of.C.They are feelings of fear and anxiety.D.The