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语法专题九语法专题九 特殊句式特殊句式语法精讲语法精讲(一一)用替代词的省略用替代词的省略在某些情况下，当我们省略某个词、词组或句子在某些情况下，当我们省略某个词、词组或句子时，还需用某个替代词。常用的替代词有时，还需用某个替代词。常用的替代词有do(does),so,not,to,one(ones),the same等。等。1.do可以用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。可以用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。He speaks English more fluently than you do.(do=speak English)2.so可以代替单词、词组或句子，作可以代替单词、词组或句子，作call,expect,hope,do,imagine,suppose,speak,say,tell,think,believe,notice等的宾语；等的宾语；not代替否定的代替否定的句子，用法与句子，用法与so相似，并可放在相似，并可放在perhaps,probably,absolutely等副词后。等副词后。3.保留不定式符号保留不定式符号to，省略动词。，省略动词。有些动词如有些动词如want,wish,hope,like,live,try,forget,prefer,mean,expect,be going,be about,be sure,be certain,be likely,be ready,be supposed,be obliged,be bound等的后面，为避免重复，只用不定式符号等的后面，为避免重复，只用不定式符号to表示不定式。表示不定式。Would you like to come to the party?Id like to.(二二)状语从句的省略状语从句的省略在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果主句、从句的主语一致，从句中谓语动词又包如果主句、从句的主语一致，从句中谓语动词又包含含be或主语是或主语是it，常可以把从句中主语和谓语的一部，常可以把从句中主语和谓语的一部分省略。分省略。Look out for cars when(you are) crossing the street.(一一)全部倒装全部倒装在全部倒装的句子中，要把整个谓语放在主语的在全部倒装的句子中，要把整个谓语放在主语的前面而构成倒装语序。前面而构成倒装语序。1.当当there,here,then,now等副词放在句首，且谓等副词放在句首，且谓语是语是come,go,be等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用倒装语序。是代词，则不用倒装语序。Now,here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。这个故事是这样的。Look,there comes the taxi.瞧，出租车过来瞧，出租车过来了。了。2.表示方向或位置的副词或介词短语放到句首，表示方向或位置的副词或介词短语放到句首，该句要用全部倒装。该句要用全部倒装。When he ran to the door,there stood a midaged man with a lantern in his hand.当他向房门跑去时，那儿正站着一位手里拿着一当他向房门跑去时，那儿正站着一位手里拿着一盏灯笼的中年男人。盏灯笼的中年男人。High up into the sky went the kite.风筝高高地飞向天空。风筝高高地飞向天空。(二二)部分倒装部分倒装1.以以only修饰的副词、介词短语或从句作状语位修饰的副词、介词短语或从句作状语位于句首时，采用部分倒装。如不在句首或虽在句首于句首时，采用部分倒装。如不在句首或虽在句首但但only不修饰状语时用正常语序。不修饰状语时用正常语序。Only by working hard can one succeed.Only I can go there.(正常正常)只有我才能去那里。只有我才能去那里。2.否定意义或否定形式的词或词组放在句首时，否定意义或否定形式的词或词组放在句首时，应采用部分倒装。如不居于句首则用正常语序。这应采用部分倒装。如不居于句首则用正常语序。这类词或词组常用的有：类词或词组常用的有：seldom,little,few,hardly, never,rarely,scarely,not a bit(一点也不一点也不),not until(直至直至才才),hardly.when,no sooner.than (一一就就),at no time(从不从不),by no means(决决不不),in vain(无效，没有用无效，没有用),on no condition(决不决不)等。等。 3.以副词以副词so,neither,nor开头的句子表示开头的句子表示“也也(不不)”时，需倒装，并且用时，需倒装，并且用do(does,did)代替实代替实义动词。但义动词。但so表示表示“是的，确实是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒时，主谓语不倒装。装。 They can leave now,so can we. They won the championship five years ago. 他们五年前就获得了冠军。他们五年前就获得了冠军。 So they did.可不是吗！可不是吗！4.为加强语气，为加强语气，so+形容词形容词/副词副词.that. such+形容词形容词+名词名词.that. 句型中，如果句型中，如果 so+形容词形容词/副词副词 such+形容词形容词+名词名词 提到句首，则提到句首，则主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装。主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装。(即即so和和such部分要部分要倒装，倒装，that从句不倒装从句不倒装)。So dark was it that he couldnt see the faces of his companions.天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的力量很大，把所有窗户都震破了。爆炸的力量很大，把所有窗户都震破了。5.以以as引导的让步状语从句，其表语应提到句首，引导的让步状语从句，其表语应提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。名词前的冠词去掉。though引导的让步状语从句也可以用这种形式，引导的让步状语从句也可以用这种形式，但也可以用正常结构。其结构一般为但也可以用正常结构。其结构一般为“adj./adv./v./v.-ed/v.-ing/n.+as/though+主语主语+谓语谓语”。但。但although引导的让步状语从句不倒装。引导的让步状语从句不倒装。Young as/though she is,she has seen much of the world.她虽然年轻，但却见过很多世面。她虽然年轻，但却见过很多世面。Woman as she is,she is courageous.她虽然是女人，但却很勇敢。她虽然是女人，但却很勇敢。6.省略省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词语有系动词were,助动词助动词had或情态动词或情态动词should等，等，可省去可省去if，把，把were,had或或should移到主语之前。移到主语之前。Were I you,I would take his advice.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就会推迟举行。万一明天下雨，运动会就会推迟举行。(一一)强调句的构成强调句的构成基本句型为：基本句型为：It is/was+被强调的部分被强调的部分+that/who/whom+句子其他成分。注意：强调时间句子其他成分。注意：强调时间状语和地点状语时用状语和地点状语时用that。强调地点状语：强调地点状语：It was in the supermarket that I met Jack.我昨天是在超市遇到杰克的。我昨天是在超市遇到杰克的。强调时间状语：强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Jack in the supermarket.我是昨天在超市遇到杰克的。我是昨天在超市遇到杰克的。(二二)强调句与其他从句的辨析强调句与其他从句的辨析1.与定语从句的辨析与定语从句的辨析It was in the factory that they met for the first time.(强调句强调句)他们是在这家工厂第一次相遇的。他们是在这家工厂第一次相遇的。It was the factory where they met for the first time.(定语从句定语从句)这是他们第一次相遇的工厂。这是他们第一次相遇的工厂。2.与主语从句的辨析与主语从句的辨析It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit.(强调句强调句)他们要去游览的是长城。他们要去游览的是长城。Its true that they are going to visit the Great Wall.(主语从句主语从句)他们确实要去游览长城。他们确实要去游览长城。3.与状语从句的辨析与状语从句的辨析It was at 8 oclock that he arrived home.(强调强调句句)他是在八点钟到的家。他是在八点钟到的家。It was 8 oclock when he arrived home.(时间时间状语从句状语从句)他到家时八点钟了。他到家时八点钟了。注意注意 (1)not.until句型的强调句为：句型的强调句为：It is/was not until+被强调部分被强调部分+that+其他。其他。He didnt go to bed until ten o clock.= =It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed.(2)It is/was.that.结构不能用来强调谓语。如结构不能用来强调谓语。如果需要强调谓语，则要使用动词果需要强调谓语，则要使用动词do,did或或does。Do come this evening.语法精练语法精练1.Only those who have experienced hardship well aware of what happiness means. A.can they beB.they can be C.can beD.they can 答案答案 C 解析解析 onlyonly修饰主语修饰主语thosethose，无需倒装，也无需再加，无需倒装，也无需再加主语。主语。2.(2009江西江西,24)According to statistics,a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer a woman. A.thanB.such C.soD.as 答案答案 D 解析解析 阅读题干可知此题考查倍数句式的同级比阅读题干可知此题考查倍数句式的同级比较句型，其构成应为：倍数词较句型，其构成应为：倍数词+as+as+形容词形容词/ /副词原副词原级级+as+as+另一比较对象，所以此空应该填另一比较对象，所以此空应该填as as。3. on the MSN,some people often use 88 for goodbye. A.When chatB.When chatting C.When chattedD.When to chat 答案答案 B 解析解析 when chatting.when chatting.为为when they are chatting.when they are chatting.的的省略。省略。4.(2009四川四川,16)Not until I came home last night to bed. A.Mum did goB.did Mum go C.went MumD.Mum went 答案答案 B 解析解析 not untilnot until引导的时间状语从句置于句首时，引导的时间状语从句置于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构。主句用部分倒装结构。5.(2009重庆重庆,33)Unsatisfied with the paym- ent,he took the job just to get some work experience. A.though was heB.though he was C.he was thoughD.was he though 答案答案 B 解析解析 句意为：尽管他对报酬不满意，但为了得句意为：尽管他对报酬不满意，但为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了那份工作。到一些工作经验他还是接受了那份工作。thoughthough引引导从句时，可用倒装也可不用，而本句中表语形容导从句时，可用倒装也可不用，而本句中表语形容词提到了句首，为倒装形式，语序为：词提到了句首，为倒装形式，语序为：adj./adv./n./adj./adv./n./动词原形动词原形+though+though+主语主语+ +谓语，故选谓语，故选B B。6.(2009全国全国,6)It is often that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. A.saidB.to say C.sayingD.being said 答案答案 A 解析解析 句意为：经常听人说人类天生有说话的能句意为：经常听人说人类天生有说话的能力。力。It is said that.It is said that.为固定句式，意为为固定句式，意为“据说据说”。7.(2008福建福建,30) Who should be responsible for the accident? The boss,not the workers.They just carried out the order . A.as toldB.as are told C.as tellingD.as they told 答案答案 A 解析解析 as told=as they were told,as told=as they were told,此处是此处是as as引导的方式引导的方式状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致，且状语从句的省略。当从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语动词含有谓语动词含有bebe时，将从句的主语和时，将从句的主语和bebe省略。又因省略。又因为为workersworkers与与telltell之间是被动关系，排除之间是被动关系，排除C C、D D。8.(2008湖南湖南,23)I thought wed be late for the concert, we ended up getting there ahead of time. A.butB.or C.soD.for 答案答案 A 解析解析 句意为：我以为我们去听音乐会会迟到，句意为：我以为我们去听音乐会会迟到，但结果我们却提前到了那里。此处用但结果我们却提前到了那里。此处用butbut表转折。表转折。9.(2008湖南湖南,24) the website of the Fire Department in your city,and you will learn a lot about firefighting. A.Having searchedB.To search C.SearchingD.Search 答案答案 D 解析解析 祈使句祈使句+and+and+简单句，相当于简单句，相当于if if引导的条件引导的条件状语从句。状语从句。10.(2008江苏江苏,32) you eat the correct foods be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A.Only if;will you B.Only if;you will C.Unless;will you D.Unless;you will 答案答案 A 解析解析 句意为：只有吃适当的食物，你才能够保句意为：只有吃适当的食物，你才能够保持持only ifonly if位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装形式。位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装形式。11.(2008江西江西,22)My English teachers humor was make every student burst into laughter. A.so as toB.such as to C.such thatD.so that 答案答案 B 解析解析 句意为：我的英语老师的幽默就是如此句意为：我的英语老师的幽默就是如此（好笑）以致于使每一个同学都哈哈大笑。（好笑）以致于使每一个同学都哈哈大笑。such as such as (to do,that)(to do,that)到如此程度到如此程度, ,如此如此以致于以致于（正式（正式或文学用语）。或文学用语）。A A项只能作目的状语项只能作目的状语, ,不能作表语。不能作表语。C C项引导从句。项引导从句。12.(2008江西江西,31)It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes. A.the residents would be permitted B.had the residents been permitted C.would the residents be permitted D.the residents had been permitted 答案答案 C 解析解析 句意为：据宣布句意为：据宣布, ,只有在火势被控制住的时只有在火势被控制住的时候居民们才被允许回到家中。候居民们才被允许回到家中。thatthat从句中从句中onlyonly引导引导的时间状语从句位于句首的时间状语从句位于句首,that,that从句需用部分倒装从句需用部分倒装结构。结构。13.(2008辽宁辽宁,35)Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and . A.I was neitherB.neither was I C.I was eitherD.either was I 答案答案 B 解析解析 句意为：句意为：BillBill对对JasonJason耽误了报告的事不高兴耽误了报告的事不高兴, ,我也是（我也不高兴）。表示我也是（我也不高兴）。表示“某人也不某人也不时时”, ,应该用应该用“neither/nor+neither/nor+助动词助动词/ /系动词系动词/ /情态动情态动词词+ +主语主语”。14.(2008全国全国,13)Stand over there youll be able to see the oil painting better. A.butB.till C.andD.or 答案答案 C 解析解析 本题句式：祈使句本题句式：祈使句+and/then/or+and/then/or+一般将来一般将来时的句子。时的句子。15.(2008全国全国,20)It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith. A.thatB.how C.whichD.when 答案答案 A 解析解析 句意为：正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见句意为：正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到史密斯先生。到史密斯先生。It+be+It+be+被强调成分被强调成分+that+that为强调句为强调句型。型。16.(2008陕西陕西,7)Not until the motorbike looked almost new repairing and cleaning it. A.he stoppedB.did he stop C.stopped heD.he did stop 答案答案 B 解析解析 not untilnot until位于句首时位于句首时, ,主句要用倒装语序。主句要用倒装语序。17.(2008天津天津,8)It was along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A.howB.which C.that D.where 答案答案 C 解析解析 此处构成此处构成It was.that.It was.that.强调句式强调句式, ,句中强调了句中强调了介词短语介词短语along the Mississippi Riveralong the Mississippi River。18.(2008重庆重庆,22)It was not until midnight they reached the camp site. A.that B.when C.while D.as 答案答案 A 解析解析 考查强调句。考查强调句。19.(2008重庆重庆,26)Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them. A.I realizedB.I had realized C.had I realizedD.did I realize 答案答案 D 解析解析 考查部分倒装。考查部分倒装。“only+only+状语状语”放于句首时放于句首时主句用部分倒装。主句用部分倒装。20.(2008重庆重庆,32)The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life. A.andB.or C.butD.so 答案答案 A 解析解析 考查连词的用法，表顺承。考查连词的用法，表顺承。21.(2008上海上海,39)So much of interest that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. A.offers Beijing B.Beijing offers C.does Beijing offer D.Beijing does offer 答案答案 C 解析解析 在使用在使用so.thatso.that句式时，若句式时，若so+adj./adv.so+adj./adv.位于位于句首，则该句须用倒装语序，故应选择句首，则该句须用倒装语序，故应选择C C项。项。22.If Joes wife wont go to the party, . A.he will either B.neither will he C.he neither will D.either he will 答案答案 B 解析解析 neitherneither引导倒装句，表示前者不做某事，引导倒装句，表示前者不做某事，后者也不做。后者也不做。23.How was the televised debate last night? Super!Rarely so much media attention. A.a debate attracted B.did a debate attract C.a debate did attract D.attracted a debate 答案答案 B 解析解析 否定副词置于句首时，谓语动词要用部分否定副词置于句首时，谓语动词要用部分倒装结构。倒装结构。24.The little boy came riding full-speed down the motorway on his bicycle. it was! A.What a dangerous scene B.What dangerous a scene C.How a dangerous scene D.How dangerous the scene 答案答案 A 解析解析 What a dangerous scene it was!=How What a dangerous scene it was!=How dangerous the scene was!dangerous the scene was!25.Little that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. A.he realized B.he didnt realize C.didnt he realize D.did he realize 答案答案 D 解析解析 否定副词否定副词littlelittle提前，主句用部分倒装。提前，主句用部分倒装。26.In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than . A.that used to be B.it is used to C.it was used to D.it used to be 答案答案 D 解析解析 表示表示“过去常常过去常常”用用used to do.,used to do.,并且并且本题中动词原形本题中动词原形bebe不能省略。不能省略。27.Between the two generations,it is often not their age, their education that causes misunderstanding. A.likeB.as C.orD.but 答案答案 D 解析解析 not.but. “not.but. “不是不是而是而是”。28.You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, you wont pass the course. A.andB.so C.butD.or 答案答案 D 解析解析 句意为：你已经两次考试不及格了，你最句意为：你已经两次考试不及格了，你最好更加努力学习，否则你这门课程还会不及格。好更加努力学习，否则你这门课程还会不及格。oror否则。否则。29.When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, ? A.do youB.dont you C.will youD.wont you 答案答案 C 解析解析 表达否定意义的祈使句的反意疑问句一般表达否定意义的祈使句的反意疑问句一般用用will youwill you。30.Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, the way they actually are. A.asB.or C.butD.and 答案答案 C 解析解析 句意为：现实不是你希望事情成为的那样，句意为：现实不是你希望事情成为的那样，也不是事情看上去的那样，而是事情本身的样子。也不是事情看上去的那样，而是事情本身的样子。本题考查本题考查not.but.not.but.结构。结构。1. snacks and drinks,but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A.Not only they brought B.Not only did they bring C.Not only brought they D.Not only they did bring 答案答案 B 解析解析 本题是对倒装结构进行考查。当本题是对倒装结构进行考查。当not not only.but also.only.but also.连接两个句子时，前一个分句用部连接两个句子时，前一个分句用部分倒装，故选分倒装，故选B B项。项。2.I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies. A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize 答案答案 D 解析解析 考查考查onlyonly修饰状语放在句首而出现部分倒装修饰状语放在句首而出现部分倒装的知识。值得注意的是，有的考生以为此题中的知识。值得注意的是，有的考生以为此题中onlyonly修饰状语时没有真正放在句首，但是它却放在了第修饰状语时没有真正放在句首，但是它却放在了第二个分句的句首，因此后一分句就应该倒装。二个分句的句首，因此后一分句就应该倒装。3.There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture, ? A.didnt theyB.dont they C.mustnt theyD.havent they 答案答案 D 解析解析 虽然陈述部分的谓语动词有情态动词虽然陈述部分的谓语动词有情态动词mustmust，但在这儿表示推测，所以附加疑问句不可以再用但在这儿表示推测，所以附加疑问句不可以再用mustmust。must have donemust have done结构是对过去发生的事实进结构是对过去发生的事实进行肯定的推测，根据句子的意思因为他们去听报告行肯定的推测，根据句子的意思因为他们去听报告了，所以灯才一直没有亮，强调对现在造成的结果，了，所以灯才一直没有亮，强调对现在造成的结果，应该用现在完成时，即应该用现在完成时，即“They have gone to the They have gone to the lecture,havent they?”lecture,havent they?”如果选择如果选择A A，则只表示去听，则只表示去听过报告，而不能由灯还没有亮推出现在还没有回来。过报告，而不能由灯还没有亮推出现在还没有回来。4.Every possible means to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear. A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 答案答案 C 解析解析 meansmeans被单数意义的被单数意义的everyevery所修饰，所以谓语所修饰，所以谓语动词用单数形式，再根据后一分句可以知道到现在动词用单数形式，再根据后一分句可以知道到现在“天空还不明亮天空还不明亮”，故选，故选C C，用现在完成时。，用现在完成时。5. matters to do the job wellwhat you are or where you come from? Neither.It depends on whether you put your heart into it. A.Which is it thatB.What it is that C.Which it is thatD.What is it which 答案答案 A 解析解析 本句考查强调句式，特殊疑问词应放在句本句考查强调句式，特殊疑问词应放在句首。句意为：首。句意为：做好这项工作的关键在于你的职做好这项工作的关键在于你的职业还是你来自何处？业还是你来自何处？两者均不是，这要看你是两者均不是，这要看你是否用心去做。否用心去做。6.Why is it so many people enjoy eating on the run? Of course,the most obvious answer is that fast food is fast. A.thatB.which C.whatD.how 答案答案 A 解析解析 本题考查特殊疑问句的强调用法，特殊疑本题考查特殊疑问句的强调用法，特殊疑问词问词whywhy放在句首，即疑问词放在句首，即疑问词+is/was that.+is/was that.。7.The patient looks much better. is it that has made him he is today? Perhaps the special medicine and his familys patient care. A.What;thatB.That;that C.What;whatD.What;which 答案答案 C 解析解析 本句考查强调句。首先考查了它的特殊疑本句考查强调句。首先考查了它的特殊疑问句式，同时又考查问句式，同时又考查whatwhat引导从句作宾语补足语这引导从句作宾语补足语这一语法现象。一语法现象。8.How was the 2008 Beijing Olympic opening ceremony? that the whole world was attracted. A.It was very fantastic B.Such fantastic was it C.So fantastic was it D.So fantastic it was 答案答案 C 解析解析 SoSo后有形容词或副词且位于句首时，应使后有形容词或副词且位于句首时，应使用部分倒装形式。用部分倒装形式。 9. should the young illegal behavior. A.On no account;take in B.Under no circumstances;take to C.In no way;take after D.With no means;take on 答案答案 B 解析解析 句意为：年轻人绝不能采取非法行为。句句意为：年轻人绝不能采取非法行为。句中出现了：中出现了：Under no circumstances,Under no circumstances,当表达否定的副当表达否定的副词或词组位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。词或词组位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。10.Not far from the school there was a garden, owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A.itsB.whose C.whichD.that 答案答案 A 解析解析 此题很容易误选此题很容易误选B B，许多同学会认为句中逗，许多同学会认为句中逗号的后面是一个非限制性定语从句，号的后面是一个非限制性定语从句，whosewhose在定语在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词ownerowner。此分析从。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的也许有的同学认为，其中的seatedseated可视为谓语动词，可视为谓语动词，但是注意，但是注意，seatseat用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么就用于被动语态，所以若在要么接宾语，要么就用于被动语态，所以若在seatedseated前加上助动词前加上助动词waswas，则可以选择，则可以选择B B。所以此题。所以此题最佳答案为最佳答案为A A项。项。阅读表达专练阅读表达专练 (9) 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。注意问题后的词数要求）。A 1What is a lifestyle and how is that different from a life?A lifestyle is about brand names and buying identity or prestige.Lifestyle gives a false sense of peace and acceptability that comes from others recognizing what youve bought into.If your car,clothes,and home areexpensive,youre sophisticated and stylish.If you have the right kind of job or go to the right social gatherings,then you receive the superfi-cial approval of others.This means that your self-esteem is always at the mercy of others, with no appreciation of you as an individual. 2 .A life is what you lead when you know what matters most to you.It is simple and comes from being connected to what you know is important and being willing to put that first,no matter what others may think.When youcreate a life vs. a lifestyle,your self-esteem comes from whats inside you,not what others think about you. 3How many times have you seen some-one work long hours in a job that they do not enjoy just to be able to maintain an expensive lifestyle?There was a recent commercial on TV that showed a man laughing in his yard saying, “I drive an expensive car,have a five-bedroomed house,a country club membership,a swimming pool and Im in debt up to my eyeballs!”Everytime I see this commercial I think about the bookThe Millionaire Next Door.The book says that most of the people living in the largest homes are exactly like the man in the commercial that the real millionaires are the ones you would never guess,because their focus is on creating a life vs.a lifestyle. 4Lifestyle is expensive monetarily and personally,because it costs a great deal to keep up appearances and do what you think is socia-lly acceptable.A life is not expensive.Ratherthan draining personal or financial resources,a life generates energy and staying power.If we focus on what we wear,or what kind of car we drive,or where we live,then we are saying that how others see us is more important than what we think of ourselves.If we find out what our true beliefs and values are and choose to live by these,then the opinions of others dont drive our life.This is not an issue of avoiding luxury for its own sake;its about liberating yourself from the mindless consumption that societydictates.It is about making the choices that are in line with your values,instead of draining your bank account or energy for no heart-driven reason. 5How can you make the change? Under-stand the difference between a life and a lifesty-le.Analyze your current lifestyle to see what it is costing you in money,time,stress,and energy to maintain it.Let go and make room for what is really important to you,what sustains you and brings you joy.Remember that who you are comes from within,not what you own!1.Fill in the blank in paragraph 2 with a proper sentence.(Please answer within 10 words.) A life,on the other hand,is very different2.List three facts which are linked to the so called “right” sense of a lifestyle according to the text.(Please answer the question within 10 words.) (1) (2) (3) brand names,buying identity or prestigeacceptability from othersright job or right social gatherings3.Whats the main idea of paragraph 3?(Please answer the question within 10 words.) A real rich person focuses on the quality of his life./The quality of ones life is better than his lifestyle.4.Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? Youre the master in your own life and others cannot have much influence on you. When you create a life vs.a lifestyle,your self-esteem comes from whats inside you,not what others think about you.5.Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 into Chinese.真正的百万富翁是你永远都不会猜到的人，因为他真正的百万富翁是你永远都不会猜到的人，因为他们关注的是创造一种生活而不是创造一种生活方式。们关注的是创造一种生活而不是创造一种生活方式。B Faced with a tough job market,fresh gradua-tes are dreaming of running their own busines-ses instead.But a recent survey has shown that such ambitions lack the required support and remain just thatdreams. The Shanghai Municipal Employment Prom-otion Center poll of 1,276 graduates in several universities and colleges in the city,released recently,showed 59.78 percent of respondents considered the possibility of setting up a comp-any or at least a small store. “But they just stop at the thinking stage,” it stated. Respondents put the top reasons for not going it alone down to a shortage of investment and a lack of business opportunity.They also listed lack of business experience and social networks,and the need for advanced study as factors that stood in their way. More than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider two or three years down the road. Guo Bing,a senior student in Shanghai Inter-national Studies University majoring in E
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