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Unit 2 CtoningThe First Period Warming up and ReadingTeaching goals1. Enable the students to describe cloning: What is theadvantages of cloning?2. Help the students analyze the writing techniques of thearticle.Teaching proceduresStep I Warming up一：You can imagine how rapidly the modem scienceand technology develop. I think most of you must knowsomething about space traveling, submarine exploration,robot, maglev train, gene engineering etc. But in recentyears, a hot topic, cloning is often mentioned, especiallywhen the cloning Dolly the sheep appeared. You mayhave first heard of cloning when Dolly the Sheepshowed up on the scene in 1997. Cloning technologieshave been around for much longer than Dolly, though.First things first, what is cloning and a clone? Thedictionary says cloning is the technique of producing agenetically identical duplicate of an organism. A clone issaid to be all descendants derived asexually from asingle individual, as by cuttings, bulbs, by fission, bymitosis, or by parthenogenesis reproduction. In fact, inour daily life, this happens often. For example,gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to makenew ones. You often see that your mother picks a smallbranch from a growing plant to make a new one. If shelikes this kind of flowers, she can do cloning. Cloningalso happens in animals or human beings when twinsidentical in sex and appearance are produced from thesame original egg.Discussion 1. Do you want to be cloned or not? Why?2. Can you tell me the advantages of cloning?3. And what is the disadvantage?二:Look at picturesLook at the pictures and discuss which ones are naturalclones and which ones are man 一 made. Then explainhow they differ.Step II Pre-reading(Before class, ask the students to search for someinformation about this topic. ) Now show yourquestions on the screen, and then let them discuss witheach other.Now please work in pairs and discuss about cloning.Then list the questions you want to find out. Share yourlist with your partner.Questions about cloning:1. What is a clone?2. How is a clone produced?3. What benefits can humans gain from cloning?4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned?5. Should we clone human?6. Could cloning replace sex as the means of creatingnew human life?7. Could a parent clone a child who is dying of aterminal illness?Suggested answers:1. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animaland plant.2. This happens in plants when gardeners take cuttingsfrom growing plants to make new ones, and when smallparts of a plant are taken and gown in a laboratory. Italso happens in animals when twins identical in sex andappearance are produced from the same original egg.3. It can help cure disease and can help couples whohave no baby to bear a new baby.4. There may be more bad people like Hitler.5. In my opinion, I do not agree, for it may cause manymoral problems.6. No. Because cloned human has the same quality asthe real human, natural born babys quality is higherthan his parents.7. No. The cloned baby also has the disease.Step III Fast- readingHave you not the answers of your questions? Nowplease skim the passage fast to obtain a generalunderstanding of the whole passage into several partsand find out the main idea of each part.Show the following.Para. 1 Cloning is a way of making an exact copy ofanother animal and plant.Para. 2 Cloning has two major uses.Para. 3 The problems of Dolly.Para. 4 The effect of Dolly.Para. 5 It is forbidden to clone human being.Step IV Careful-reading1. Ask the students to read the passage carefully to finishexercise Ion page 12 in the students, book.2. Check the answers.3. Finish exercise2on page 12 in the students book.4. Check the answers5. Explanationl. )It is a way of making an exact copy of another animaland plant.全句汉语意思:它是一种精确复制另一个动物或植物的方式。Here a way of means a manner of 一种的方式。2. ) Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections andhad a great impact on the media and public imagination.In this sentence, raise means lead.(弓I 起/导致)。全句意思是：多利的消灭引起一场反对风暴，并且对媒体和公众思想产生了很大的冲击。3. ) However, scientists still wonder whether cloningwill help or harm us and where it is leading us. whethercloning will help or harm us”, where it is leading us” isthe objects of the word C6wonder, 全句意思是：科学家始终致力于争辩克隆到底会有助于我们还是会损害我们，它们将我们引向何方。Step V HomeworkAsk the students to do the following.1. Complete the exercises on page 13.2. Recite the key sentences in the text.3. What is Cloning? You might not believe it, but thereare human clones among us right now. Have you everwished you could have a clone of yourself to dohomework while you hit the skate park or went out withyour friends? Imagine if you could really do that. Wherewould you start?The second period Learning about language(l)Teaching Goals:Learning the use of words and expressions inYingzaiketang.Procedure:Step 1.Re vision1 .Greetings2. RevisionFinish exercisel-2on page 13 in the students book.Step 2Learn knowledge points.Ask students to learn their usage , then ask somequestions about specific use.2. Do exx 123 in Yingzaiketang.3. Check the answers.Step 3 RememberRemember the knowledge points.2. Have a dictation.Step 4 Homework.Review what we learned.The third period Learning about language(2)Teaching Goals:Grasp key language points.Procedures:Step I. Revision1. Have a dictation.2. Check the homework.Step 2 Studyl. Get ss to study language points.2.Sum up.Step 3 Exercise1. Do some exx.2. Check the answer.3. Explain key pointsHomeworkReview the readingThe fourth period GrammarTeaching Goals:1 .Revise Appositive Clause2, Compare attributive clause with appositive clause.Stepl Appositive clause1. Concept.2. Find more sentences with the appositive in the readingpassage.3. Doexercise3 on page 14 in ssbook.Step 2 Compare1. 由于同位语从句的先行词多为fact, belief, news,idea, thought, question, reply, possibility, hope, problem,remark, report等名词，引导词常用that,所以有些同学干脆把这些名词背得滚瓜烂熟,以为只要上述名词后面消灭的从句确定是同位语从句，殊不知上述名词后面消灭的从句既有可能是同位语从句,也有可能是定语从句。例如：(l)We were greatly pleased at the news that theChinese womens volleyball team had won the matchagain .听到中国女排再次获胜的消息我们极为兴奋。(that引导的是同位语从句)(2)We were greatly pleased at the news that our teacherhad told us.听到老师告知我们的消息我们感到很兴奋。(that引导的是定语从句)从上面的例句可以看出，仅仅只*先行词就断定有些名词之后肯定就是同位语从句明显是片面的。那么，到底应当如何来区分同位语从句和定语从句呢？2 .我们可以从以下儿个方面去区分同位语从句和定语从句：Procedures:1).从意义的角度来看，同位语从句与先行词之间存在的是同位或等同的关系，如例(1)中的news与其后的从句 that the Chinese womens volleyball team hadwon the match again之间，”中国女排再次获胜”表示”消息”的具体内容。定语从句与先行词之间存在的是所属关系,表示”的”，起修饰限定作用。如例(2)中的 news 与其后的 that our teacher had told us”老师告知我们的是对消息”进行修饰限定,并不表示”消息”的具体内容。2. )从语法角度来看，引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起语法作用，用来连接同位语从句,在从句中不充当任何成分，如例中的that;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外，还要在从句中充当句子成分,主要是作主语或宾语，如例(2)中的that在从句中作动词told的宾语。3) .从先行词的词性来看，同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词，也可以是代词。例如：(1) There is no doubt that the price of wheat will goup.毫无疑问,小麦的价格将会上涨。(doubt为抽象名词,同位语从句)(2) Those who were against the plan raised theirhands.那些反对这个方案的人举起了手。(Those为代词，定语从句)4) 从可否省略来看,同位语从句的that 一般不行以省略,但是定语从句中的关系代词假如在从句中充当宾语，在非正式用语中经常可以将关系代词that省略。5) .从引导词来看，同位语从句有时也可以用whether来引导，但是定语从句则一般不用whether来引导。例如：The problem (of) whether they could finish theproject is very important.他们是否能够按期完成那个项目,这个问题格外重要。6. )who, which, what, when, why, how, where 等词都可以用来引导同位语从句，但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关系副词时引导定语从句的用法不同:引导同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行词不存在指代关系;而引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。例如：1 )The reason why he was late for class is quite clear.他上课迟到的缘由显而易见。(why引导的是定语从句)(2)He has solved the problem why the radio wasout of order.他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。(why引导的是同位语从句)Step 3Exercise1. Do some exx.2. Check the answers.Homework:Finish exercises on page 14 and exercises on page 56.The fifth period Extensive ReadingTeaching Goals:1 .Activate the Ss to show their opinions about thecloning2. Learn language points and remember them.Procedures:Stepl.Revision1 .Greetings2.Check the homework and ask the Ss to speak out theiropinion about the medical cloningStep 2 Reading (page 15)l. Read the passage and answer the questions)Why shouldnt you clone an extinct animal unless thereis enough diversity in the group? There will not beenough genetic variation in the group to be able to resistnew illnesses.)Why is it wrong to clone an extinct animal if it wouldhave to live in a zoo? It is not a good idea to clone ananimal that would have to live in a zoo because it is nota suitable habitat to develop and increase its numbers.The zoo is not a natural environment for a wild animal.)Why cant you clone the DNA of animals that havebeen extinct longer than 10,000 years? The DNA ofanimal more than 10,000 years old is not suitable forcloning, for it cant survive so long.2. Reading carefully and finish discussing Exercises 13. Check the answers.Step 3 Points1. Ask students to learn language points and rememberthem in ying zai ketang.2. Do exercises then check the answers.Step 4 Homework.Review what we learned.The sixth period WritingTeaching GoalsEnable the Ss to write the article on this debate.Step 1 Pre-WritingImagine that you are the reporter on a local newspaperand you have been asked to write an article on thisdebate. To do this you must mention both sides of theargument. Remember to make a large main heading andthen a small heading below it. Write around 250 words.Organize your writing in this way:Paragraph 1: the topic of the debate and who wonParagraph2: the ideas of the winning sideParagraphs： the ideas of the other sideParagraph4: conclusion and your reaction to the debate,together with any idea you feel they left out.Step 2Writinghis passage.A sample version:Should Medical Cloning be AllowedA Debate at Xinhua Middle SchoolYesterday there was a very exciting debate at XinhuaMiddle School about whether medical cloning should beallowed or not .After a lively discussion a vote wastaken and the side arguing for medical cloning won.The arguments for medical cloning were very stronglyput by the team supporting the motion. They argued thatserious illnesses and people who w losing their ability tomove or think could be helped by medical cloning. Theyexplained that the procedures would be safe, quick andwith no problems for the patients. They quoted that 67%of American citizens are for it to support their idea.Their arguments were very convincing.The arguments put by the team opposing medicalcloning were less strong. They argued in two ways. Thefirst reason was that the procedures were not yet secure.Their second reason was that it took many tries andmany potential animals had to be killed to produce oneuseable embryo for research. They explained that manEuropean countries dont allow medical cloningresearch because of this. They quoted Pope John Paul II.But their arguments were not so convincing.At the end of the debate the audience we left with afeeling of hope. They realized that diseases that seemterrible today may be able to be cured soon. Manypeople were excited and happy when they left theyHall .The writer of this article was among them!Give them 15 ms to write it, then ask one student to read
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