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精品文档,仅供学习与交流,如有侵权请联系网站删除there/here引导的倒装句,当主语是指物的名词时,采用全部倒装, 如The bus comes here.为正常顺序。 Here comes the bus; 主语是人称代词时用第二种形式部分倒装 倒装句用法 倒装句的意义和分类:英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。但有些场合是“谓语+主语”。这种语法现象称为倒装。整个谓语被放在主语的前面,称为完全倒装。例如: There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Under a big tree sat a boy reading a book.大树下坐着一个男孩在读书。 谓语的一部分(系动词、助动词或情态动词)放在主语的前面,其余的部分仍在主语之后,称为部分倒装。 例如: Not until 10 oclock will the library open. 直到十点种图书馆才开门。 倒装的目的: 语法结构的需要:通常疑问句、there be 结构等需要用倒装句。例如: Was the Communist Party of China founded in 1921? 中国共产党是1921年成立的吗? There stants a bridge across the river. 河上有座桥。 Where are you going? 你上哪去? 语法修饰的需要:倒装句可以起强调作用,加强语气。例如: Still greater contributions should we make to our motherland. 我们应该对祖国作出更大的贡献。(强调宾语) Such is the case. 情况就是这样。(强调表语) Now comes your turn. 现在该轮到你了。(强调状语) Up went the model plane. 那架航模飞机飞起来了。(强调状语) 倒装句结构的基本用法: 全部倒装(平衡倒装句型): 句首是地点状语和表语时: In front of the house sat an old man smoking a pipe. 在房屋前面坐着一位老人在抽烟斗。(句首是状语) On wither side of the street were rows of green trees. 街道两边绿树成行。(句首是表语) 句首有 here, there, out, in, up, down, off, away 等副词时: Out rushed a cat from under the table. 从桌子底下窜出一只猫来。 Here is a ticket for you. 这是给你的票。 Up went the prices. 价格上涨。 句首有 so(表肯定),neither (nor) (表否定),表示前面所说的情况也适合与另一个人或事。 He can swim. 他会游泳。 So can she. 她也会。 He did not watch TV yesterday evening. 他昨晚没看电视。 Neither did I. 我也没看。 在there be 结构中。 There are fifty students in our class. 我班有50个学生。 在某些祝愿句中。 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁! 在某些感叹句中。 How proud we are of our great motherland! 我们为伟大的祖国感到多么自豪! 部分到装(强调倒装句型) 用于省去if 的虚拟条件句中 Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world.如果没有水和空气,世界上就不会有生命。 用于以as 引导的状语从句中 Rich as they are, they are not happy. 尽管他们富有,但不幸福。 用于句首是否定意义的副词或连词时。 Seldom have I read a novel so touching as this. 我难得读到如此动人的小说。 Hardly did I think it possible. 我几乎认为这是不可能的。 用于疑问句。 When did you begin to learn English? 你什么时候开始学英语的? 句首是only 、后边跟状语的句子中 Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这种方法,你才能学好英语。 直接引语的全部或一部分在句首时。 Do you think my clothes fit well? asked the emperor.“你认为我的衣服非常合身吗?”皇帝问道。 Mr smith said mary,May I borrow your pen? “史密斯先生”玛丽说,“我可以借一下你的钢笔吗?” 某些祝愿的句子(谓语带有情态动词,则为部分倒装)。 May you succeed. 祝您成功。 重难点分析 1.由疑问词或有疑问词修饰的名词作主语的特殊疑问句不倒装。如: Who is your maths teacher? 谁是你的数学老师?(who 是主语) Which bicycle is yours? 哪辆自行车是你的?(which 是定语,修饰bicycle ) 2.在以 here, there, now, then 等开头的句子中 here, there 强调地点但不指具体的地点,只用来引起人们的注意,要重读。同样 now, then 强调时间,也并不指具体时间,只引起人们的注意,也要重读。如: There comes our teacher. 我们的老师来了。 在时态方面要注意,除了以 then 开头的句子用过去时外,其余均用一般现在时。如: Then came a new problem. 那时出现了新问题。 3.主语是人称代词时不倒装。如: Here we are. 我们到了。(Here are we 错) Away he went. 他走开了。(Away went he.错) There he comes. 他来了。(There comes he. 错) 4.为了使句子生动、流畅,常把 in, out, down, up, away, off 等,副词放在句首,采用全部倒装语序,不加助动词( do, does等)句子的动词一般都是不及物的行为动词。如: In came the manager. 经理来了。 不说 :In did the manager come. 当主语是人称代词时,一般只把副词放在句首,不倒装。例如: In he came and the lesson began.他进来了,于是开始上课。 不说:In came he and lesson began. 5.only 放在句首,但修饰的不是状语而是主语时,不倒装。如: Only John is allowed to enter the lab. 只有约翰被允许进入实验室。 Only the boy himself knows what he is going to be. 只有这孩子本人知道他将来的前途。 6.以so 开头的句子。如果只是重复前面一句话的意思,不倒装。如: It was very cold yesterday.昨天很冷。 So it was.正是这样。 He did a good job. 他干的很出色。 So he did. 确实如此。 7.以 not only 开头的句子要倒装,但but also 后面的句子不倒装。如: Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily. 不仅他说得更准确,而且他说得也更轻松。 8.以 not until 开头的句子主句要倒装,没有助动词时要加助动词。如: Not until Mother came back did it stop raining. 直到妈妈回来雨才停。 9.带有否定意义的副词和状语词组放在句首时,句子要倒装,这样的副词常见的有:no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not until, never, hardly, seldom, scarecely, little, barely, at no time(=never) 等。在使用时要特别注意以hardly(barely/scarcely)when 和 no soonerthan 开头的句子。在这种倒装句中,主句倒装从句不倒装。如: Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang. 他一进屋,电话就响了。 10.频度状语如 often, seldom 等,地点状语如in front of, in the middle of 等,位于句首时,句子要倒装,没有助动词时要加助动词。如: Seldom does it snow here.这里很少下雪。 11.充当表语的单数名词放在句首时,不加任何冠词,也不用复数形式。如: Child as he is, he knows a lot .虽然他是个孩子,可知道的事挺多。 12.为了强调某一动作或使句子平稳和谐,将表语(形容词、现在分词、过去分词)放在句首并倒装。如: Late as it was, he still continued learning in a poor light. 虽然天色已晚,他仍继续在微弱的光线下学习。 Late as it was表示让步,是as 的一种用法,意思相当于Though it was late 。 再举一例: Written on the box is the model of the machine. 箱子上写了机器的型号。 这个句子的正常语序是:The model of the machine is written on the box. written 是过去分词在句中作表语。注意本句不是被动语态,而是系表结构。【精品文档】第 4 页
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