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第 6 讲 短文填空短文填空是 2012 年广东中考出现的一个新题型，其特点是在一篇短文中留出 10 个空(首句不设空)，要求考生根据短文的内容以及上下文的意思，在空白处填入意思、语法都正确的单词，一空只能填一个词(有些空的答案可能不是唯一的)。短文的题材很广泛，可以是故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等，考试一般会选取考生比较熟悉的材料。短文填空是中考中一个难度比较大的题型。它所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高，综合性也很强。它不仅考查考生在词汇、语法和习惯用法等方面的基础知识，还考查理解、推导、分析等综合能力。从表面上看是考查考生对单词的辨认能力，而实质上既考查了考生掌握单词的数量及准确性，又考查了他们对句子上下文以及词义的理解和判断能力，由此考查学生的知识记忆与再现能力。1跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读短文填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。(1)把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义。(2)根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。动词：注意动词短语固定搭配、时态、语态、主谓一致、谓语与非谓语动词等；名词：注意名词的单复数及名词的所有格形式；形容词：注意固定搭配、比较级和最高级形式及构词规则；副词：注意插入语、比较级和最高级形式，关注句与句之间的连贯性；连词、关系词：注意状语从句、定语从句等在语篇中的运用；代词：关注上下文，注意代词的前后照应关系；介词、冠词：注意习惯用法。如果所填的词在句首，注意首字母要大写。3三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。(一)2012 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试样题请用适当的词完成这张明信片，每空只能填写一个词。Dear Karl，Im now sitting in the chair in thegarden of a house near a small village.Im(71)_ afternoontea with my family here.enjoying/having/drinkingI arrived here three days (72)_ with my dad, my mom andsome friends.We will be on holiday together here (73)_ twoweeks.It is a quiet and nice place.The hills are very near (74)_house.It is cool here, and the air is (75)_.The trees aroundthe house are green, and the flowers smell nice.(76)_ are manythings we can do here.Yesterday, we walked around the village tosay hello (77)_ the villagers, and took lots of (78)_with them.These pictures will help us remember everythinghere.Tomorrow we are going to (79)_ the hills.From thetop of the hills, the village may look more beautiful.Its a pity youdidnt come with (80)_.LovePeteragofortheclean/freshTheretopictures/photosclimbus/me(二)2011 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试Li Ming is a middle school student.His 15th birthday iscoming on (71)_ 3rd.One day, Li Ming walked past the shoeshop at the street corner.Once again, he stopped to look at the shop(72)_.He felt happy to see the shoes that he wanted verymuch were still there.He really wanted to have (73)_ for hisbirthday.Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry for himself.JulywindowthemHe sadly walked away and thought (74)_ to tell his motherabout it.He knew she would give him (75)_ heliked if she could.But he also knew very well she had little moneyfor that ￥1299-Nike Shoes.He (76)_ not to go home at once,as he didnt want to upset his mother.So he went to the park and saton the (77)_.There he saw a girl in a wheelchair.He noticed that the girl (78)_ the wheel withher hands.Li Ming watched her carefully and was (79)_to find that the girl had no feet.He looked at his own feet.“Its much(80)_ to be without shoes than without feet.” he thought.Therewas no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad.He went away andsmiled, thinking he was luckier.howanything/everythingdecidedgrass/groundmoved/pushedsurprisedbetter(三)2010 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试One day when Mr.Kong was walking in the (71)_, hesaw Miss Lan, a friend of his, sitting in a bench (长椅) with a dog(72)_ her.parkbeside/nearsitKong walked up to her and said, “Hello, Miss Lan, how areyou? May I (73)_ down and talk with you for a while？”“Of course,” Lan said.Kong sat down next to her and they(74)_ happily together.The dog was looking up at Lan, asif waiting to be fed.talkedhungry“Thats a nice dog,” Kong said.“Yes, hes strong and healthy.”“And hes (75)_ now,” Kong said,“He hasnt takenhis eyes off you.He thinks youve got some food for him.”Lan said, “But I havent.”friends/persons/peopleThe two (76)_ laughed and thenKong said, “Does your dog bite (咬)？”“No,” she said, “He has (77)_ bitten anyone.”When he heard this, Kong put out his left (78)_ andtouched the animals head.It (79)_ up at once and bit him.“Hey！” Kong shouted, “You said he didnt bite.”“No, I didnt,” Lan replied, “But thats not my dog.(80)_ is at home.”handjumpedMinenever/not
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