新整式运算提高经典复习讲义

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专业好文档整式的运算提高整式的运算经典例题解析:例一、运算:(1) (2)(3) 二、计算:1、(abc)(abc) 2、 3、200820092007 4、 (2a-b)2(b+2a)2三、已知,求的值。 四、已知,求的值。五、已知,求的值。六、已知,求的值。七、己知x+5y=6 , 求 x2+5xy+30y 的值。八、计算(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)的值九、若(x2pxq)(x22x3)展开后不含x2,x3项,求p、q的值十、化简求值:(xy)2(xy)2(2x2y2),其中x3,y4常考专题:已知ab3,ab4,求下列各代数式的值(1)3a23b2; (2)(ab)2; (3); (4)(2a1)(2b1)变式训练1、已知ab7,ab10,求a2b2,(ab)2的值 2、若,求3、已知(ab)29,(ab)25,求a2b2,ab的值4、已知,的值5、若6、已知,求的值。7、若8、已知,求的值。9、若,求的值。课堂练习:.设是一个完全平方式,则=_。.已知,那么=_。 方程的解是_。.已知,则_。.已知2a=5,2b=10,2c=50,那么a、b、c之间满足的等量关系是_.若,且,则求的值,其中思考题:若1xx2x30,求xx2x3x2000的值作业:整式的运算练习一、选择题1、下列各题中计算错误的是( ) 2、化简x(y-x)-y(x-y)得( )A、x2-y2 B、y2-x2 C、2xy D、-2xy3.计算( )ABC D4.是一个完全平方式,则a的值为(). . .或.或5.三个数中最大的是( )A. B. C.D.不确定6已知,则、的大小关系是( ) A B C D7若,则等于( )A5 B.3 C.1 D.18边长为a的正方形,边长减少b以后所得较小正方形的面积比原来正方形的面积减少了() A B2ab C2ab Db(2ab)9多项式的最小值( ) A4 B5 C16 D25二、填空题1.(1) (2)2. (1) (2)3.已知是关于的完全平方式,则= ;4若m2+n26n4m13,m2n2= ;5如果时,代数式的值为2008,则当时,代数式的值是 三、综合题1.已知,求的值来2.简便计算:(1) (2) 3.765420.46923.76540.23462.3.已知,求代数式的值;拓展提升1.观察下列各式:1312+21,2422+22,3532+23,请你将猜想到的规律用自然数n(n1)表示出来:_.2、用一张包装纸包一本长、宽、厚如图所示的书(单位:cm),如果将封面和封底每一边都包进去3cm,则需长方形的包装纸_cm23.计算:. 4已知:,求的值5已知a23a-10求、的值;统计知识点一.简单随机抽样:抽签法和随机数法1.一般地,设一个总体含有N个个体(有限),从中逐个不放回地抽取n个个体作为样本(nN),如果每次抽取时总体内的各个个体被抽到的机会都相等(n/N),就把这种抽样方法叫做简单随机抽样。2.一般地,抽签法就是把总体中的N个个体编号,把号码写在号签上,将号签放在一个容器中,搅拌均匀后,每次从中抽取一个号签,连续抽取n次,就得到一个容量为n的样本,这种抽样方法叫做抽签法。抽签法的一般步骤:a、将总体的个体编号。 b、连续抽签获取样本号码。3. 利用随机数表、随机数骰子或计算机产生的随机数进行抽样,叫随机数表法。随机数表法的步骤:a、将总体的个体编号。b、在随机数表中选择开始数字。c、读数获取样本号码。4. 抽签法的优点是简单易行,缺点是当总体的容量非常大时,费时、费力,又不方便,如果标号的签搅拌得不均匀,会导致抽样不公平,随机数表法的优点与抽签法相同,缺点上当总体容量较大时,仍然不是很方便,但是比抽签法公平,因此这两种方法只适合总体容量较少的抽样类型。二.系统抽样:1.一般地,要从容量为N的总体中抽取容量为n的样本,可将总体分成均衡的若干部分,然后按照预先制定的规则,从每一部分抽取一个个体,得到所需要的样本,这种抽样的方法叫做系统抽样。系统抽样的一般步骤:(1)采用随机抽样的方法将总体中的N个个编号。(2)将整体按编号进行分段,确定分段间隔k=N/n。(kN,Lk).(3)在第一段用简单随机抽样确定起始个体的编号L(LN,Lk)。(4)按照一定的规则抽取样本,通常是将起始编号L加上间隔k得到第2个个体编号L+K,再加上K得到第3个个体编号L+2K,这样继续下去,直到获取整个样本。在确定分段间隔k时应注意:分段间隔k为整数,当N/n不是整数时,应采用等可能剔除的方剔除部分个体,以获得整数间隔k。三.分层抽样:1.一般地,在抽样时,将总体分成互不交叉的层,然后按照一定的比例,从各层独立地抽取一定数量的个体,将各层取出的个体合在一起作为样本,这种抽样的方法叫分层抽样。分层抽样的步骤:(1)分层:按某种特征将总体分成若干部分。 (2)按比例确定每层抽取个体的个数。(3)各层分别按简单随机抽样的方法抽取。 (4)综合每层抽样,组成样本。2.分层抽样是当总体由差异明显的几部分组成时采用的抽样方法,进行分层抽样时应注意以下几点:(1)分层抽样中分多少层、如何分层要视具体情况而定,总的原则是,层内样本的差异要小,面层之间的样本差异要大,且互不重叠。(2)为了保证每个个体等可能入样,所有层应采用同一抽样比等可能抽样。(3)在每层抽样时,应采用简单随机抽样或系统抽样的方法进行抽样。四. 用样本的频率分布估计总体分布:1.频率分布是指一个样本数据在各个小范围内所占比例的大小。一般用频率分布直方图反映样本的频率分布。其一般步骤为:(1)计算一组数据中最大值与最小值的差,即求极差 (2)决定组距与组数(3)将数据分组 (4)列频率分布表 (5)画频率分布直方图2.频率分布折线图、总体密度曲线频率分布折线图:连接频率分布直方图中各小长方形上端的中点,就得到频率分布折线图。总体密度曲线:在样本频率分布直方图中,相应的频率折线图会越来越接近于一条光滑曲线,统计中称这条光滑曲线为总体密度曲线。它能够精确地反映了总体在各个范围内取值的百分比,给我们提供更加精细的信息。3. 当数据是两位有效数字时,用中间的数字表示十位数,即第一个有效数字,两边的数字表示个位数,即第二个有效数字,它的中间部分像植物的茎,两边部分像植物茎上长出来的叶子,因此通常把这样的图叫做茎叶图。茎叶图的特征:(1)用茎叶图表示数据有两个优点:一是从统计图上没有原始数据信息的损失,所有数据信息都可以从茎叶图中得到;二是茎叶图中的数据可以随时记录,随时添加,方便记录与表示。(2)茎叶图只便于表示两位有效数字的数据,而且茎叶图只方便记录两组的数据,两个以上的数据虽然能够记录,但是没有表示两个记录那么直观,清晰。五. 用样本的数字特征估计总体的数字特征:1. 众数、中位数、平均数、方差、标准差的求法。六.变量之间的相关关系:1.相关关系:两个变量之间的关系可能是确定的关系(如:函数关系),或非确定性关系。当自变量取值一定时,因变量也确定,则为确定关系;当自变量取值一定时,因变量带有随机性,这种变量之间的关系称为相关关系。相关关系是一种非确定性关系。2.散点图的概念:3.正相关与负相关概念:如果散点图中的点散布在从左下角到右上角的区域内,称为正相关。如果散点图中的点散布在从左上角到右下角的区域内,称为负相关。(注:散点图的点如果几乎没有什么规则,则这两个变量之间不具有相关关系)4. 从散点图上可以看出,这些点大致分布在通过散点图中心的一条直线。如果散点图中点的分布从整体上看大致在一条直线附近,我们就称这这两个变量之间具有线形相关关系,直线叫回归直线。5.教学最小二乘法:(1)求回归方程的关键是如何用数学的方法刻画从整体上看,各点与此直线的距离最小(2)最小二乘法公式:求回归直线,使得样本数据的点到它的距离的平方和最小的方法叫做最小二乘法。北师大版高一数学必修3第一章统计单元测试题一、选择题1、某企业有职工人,其中高级职称人,中级职称人,一般职员人,现抽取人进行分层抽样,则各职称人数分别为( )AB CD2、从个编号中抽取个号码入样,若采用系统抽样方法进行抽取,则分段间隔应为( ) A B C D.3、有件产品编号从到,现在从中抽取件检验,用系统抽样确定所抽取的编号为( ) A BCD4、10名工人某天生产同一零件,生产的件数是15,17,14,10,15,17,17,16,14,12设其平均数为a,中位数为b,众数为c,则有( )Aabc BbcaCcabDcba5、下列说法中,正确的是( ) A数据5,4,4,3,5,2的众数是4 B一组数据的标准差是这组数据的方差的平方 C数据2,3,4,5的标准差是数据4,6,8,10的标准差的一半 D频率分布直方图中各小长方形的面积等于相应各组的频数6、从甲、乙两班分别任意抽出10名学生进行英语口语测验,其测验成绩的方差分别为S12= 13.2,S22=2626,则( ) A甲班10名学生的成绩比乙班10名学生的成绩整齐 B乙班10名学生的成绩比甲班10名学生的成绩整齐 C甲、乙两班10名学生的成绩一样整齐 D不能比较甲、乙两班10名学生成绩的整齐程度7、下列说法正确的是( )。A根据样本估计总体,其误差与所选择的样本容量无关 B方差和标准差具有相同的单位C从总体中可以抽取不同的几个样本D如果容量相同的两个样本的方差满足S12S22,那么推得总体也满足S12S22是错的8、某同学使用计算器求30个数据的平均数时,错将其中一个数据105输人为15,那么由此求出的平均数与实际平均数的差是( ) A3.5 B-3 C3 D-0.59、14名学生分别与全班的平均分85分的差是:2,3,-3,-5,12,12,8,2,-1,4,-10,-2,5,5,那么这个小组的平均分是( )分A97.2 B87.29 C92.32 D82.8610、如果一组数中每个数减去同一个非零常数,则这一组数的( )A平均数不变,方差不变 B平均数改变,方差改变C平均数不变,方差改变 D平均数改变,方差不变二、填空题11、相关关系与函数关系的区别是 。 12、为了了解名学生对学校某项教改试验的意见,打算从中抽取一个容量为的样考虑用系统抽样,则分段的间隔为_。 13、从个篮球中任取一个,检验其质量,则应采用的抽样方法为_。 14、采用简单随机抽样从含个个体的总体中抽取一个容量为的样本,个体前两次未被抽到,第三次被抽到的概率为_15、甲,乙两人在相同条件下练习射击,每人打发子弹,命中环数如下 甲 6 8 9 9 8乙 10 7 7 7 9则两人射击成绩的稳定程度是_。三、解答题16、在相同条件下对自行车运动员甲、乙两人进行了6次测试,测得他们的最大速度(单位:m/s)的数据如下: 甲273830373531 乙332938342836试判断选谁参加某项重大比赛更合适17、为了解某地初三年级男生的身高情况,从其中的一个学校选取容量为60的样本(60名男生的身高),分组情况如下:分组147.5155.5155.5163.5163.5171.5171.5179.5频数62lm频率a0.1(1)求出表中a,m的值 (2)画出频率分布直方图和频率折线图18、某赛季甲、乙两名篮球运动员每场得分情况如下:甲的得分:12 15 24 25 3l 31 36 36 37 39 44 49 50乙的得分:8 13 14 16 23 26 28 33 38 39 51请你用不同的方式(统计图表)分别表示此赛季甲、乙两名篮球运动员得分情况19、如图,从参加环保知识竞赛的学生中抽出名,将其成绩(均为整数)整理后画出的频率分布直方图如下:观察图形,回答下列问题: (1)这一组的频数、频率分别是多少?(2)估计这次环保知识竞赛的及格率(分及以上为及格) 20、以下是某地搜集到的新房屋的销售价格和房屋的面积的数据: (1)画出数据对应的散点图;(2)求线性回归方程,并在散点图中加上回归直线;(3)据(2)的结果估计当房屋面积为时的销售价格.统计例题一.现有30个零件,需从中抽取10个进行检查,问如何采用简单随机抽样得到一个容量为10的样本?练习:在简单抽样中,某一个个体被抽的可能是 ( )A与第几次抽样有关,第一次抽中的可能性大些。B与第几次抽样无关,每次抽中的可能性相等。C与第几次抽样有关,最后一次抽中的可能性较大。D与第几次抽样无关,每次都是等可能的抽取,但各次抽取的可能不一样。二. 某装订厂平均每小时大约装订图书362册,要求检验员每小时抽取40册图书,检查其质量状况.请你设计一个调查方案三. 某校有在校高中生共1600人,其中高一学生520人,高二学生500人,高三学生580人。如果想通过抽查其中的80人,来调查学生的消费情况,考虑到学生的年级高低消费情况有明显差别,而同一年级内消费情况差异较少,问应采用怎样的抽样方法?高三学生中应抽查多少人?练习:(1)某初级中学有学生270人,其中一年级108人,二、三年级各81人,现要利用抽样方法抽取10人参加某项调查,考虑选用简单随机抽样、分层抽样和系统抽样三种方案,使用简单随机抽样和分层抽样时,将学生按一、二、三年级依次统一编号为1,2,270;使用系统抽样时,将学生统一随机编号1,2,270,并将整个编号依次分为10段。如果抽得号码有下列四种情况:7,34,61,88,115,142,169,196,223,250;5,9,100,107,111,121,180,195,200,265;11,38,65,92,119,146,173,200,227,254;30,57,84,111,138,165,192,219,246,270;关于上述样本的下列结论中,正确的是( )A、都不能为系统抽样B、都不能为分层抽样C、都可能为系统抽样D、都可能为分层抽样(2)某县有30个乡,其中山区6个,丘陵地区12个,平原地区12个,要从中抽出5个乡进行调查,则应在山区中抽 乡,丘陵地区抽 乡,在平原地区抽 乡。(3)一工厂生产了某种产品16800件,它们来自甲乙丙3条生产线,为检查这批产品的质量,决定采用分层抽样的方法进行抽样,已知甲乙丙三条生产线抽取的个体数组成一个等差数列,则乙生产线生产了 件产品.四1.为了了解初三学生女生身高情况,某中学对初三女生身高进行了一次测量,所得数据整理后列出了频率分布表如下:组别频数频率145 5149 510 02149 5153 540 08153 5157 5200 40157 5161 5150 30161 5165 580 16165 5169 5Mn合计MN(1)求出表中所表示的数分别是多少?(2)画出频率分布直方图 (3)全体女生中身高在哪组范围内的人数最多?2.从两个班中各随机的抽取名学生,他们的数学成绩如下: 甲班76748296667678725268乙班86846276789282748885 画出茎叶图并分析两个班学生的数学学习情况五1.李大伯承包了一个果园,种植了100棵樱桃树,今年已进入收获期收获时,从中任选并采摘了10棵树的樱桃,分别称得每棵树所产樱桃的质量如下表:序号12345678910质量(千克)14212717182019231922据调查,市场上今年樱桃的批发价格为每千克15元用所学的统计知识估计今年此果园樱桃的总产量与按批发价格销售樱桃所得的总收入分别约为()A200千克,3000元 B1900千克,28500元 C2000千克,30000元 D1850千克,27750元2.为了了解某班学生每周做家务劳动的时间,某综合实践活动小组对该班50名学生进行了调查,有关数据如下表:每周做家务的时间(小时)011.522.533.54人数(人)2268121343根据上表中的数据,回答下列问题:(1)该班学生每周做家务劳动的平均时间是多少小时?(2)这组数据的中位数、众数分别是多少?3.从甲、乙两种玉米苗中各抽10株,分别测得它们的株高如下:(单位:cm)甲: 21 42 39 14 19 22 37 41 40 25乙: 27 16 40 41 16 44 40 40 27 44(1)根据以上数据分别求甲、乙两种玉米的极差、方差和标准差(2)哪种玉米的苗长得高些(3)哪种玉米的苗长得齐Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.
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