汉译英应试原则和基本程序

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,汉译英应试原则和基本程序,(一)汉译英应试原则,1.手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)2.语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误),3.内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)4.语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样),(二)汉译英基本程序,1.理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正,练习,一、倍数增减的表示法,1)Force N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍).2)This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).3)The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).4)The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一).5)They _(计划将投资增加一倍).,1)is 2.5 times greater than Force N22)reacts three times as fast as the other one3)is 49 times the size of the moon4)wants to raise the rent by a third5)plan to double their investment,二、时态,1)Be quick,_(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).2)When she got home,_(孩子们已经睡着了).3)When I prepare for the college entrance examination,_(我姐姐将在海边,度假).,4)I_(一上午都在修改我的简历).5)Do you often go on holiday?_(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).6)He joined the army in October,2001._(他参军已五年了).,二、时态,1)or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church2)the children had fallen asleep3)my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside4)have been revising my resume all the morning5)No.It has been five years since I went on holiday6)He has been in the army for 5 years,三、被动语态,1)The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).2)The book _(到今年年底就将已出版).3)Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).4)When the bill of fare was brought,_(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预,料).,5)_(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.,三、被动语态,1)is being replaced by the computer and the projector2)will have been published by the end of this year3)can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work4)I was startled,for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated5)Effective measures must be taken immediately,四、情态动词,1)The phone is ringing,_(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).2)I cant find my sunglasses._(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).3)You screamed in your sleep last night._(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西,了).,4)Its a pity._(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).5)_(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的);most of the,guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.,四、情态动词,1)but there is no answer.She cant be at home2)I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday3)You must have dreamed of something terrible4)You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony5)I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party,五、虚拟语气,1)I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).2)If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)!Then he would not have killed,himself.,3)Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).4)Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).5)Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).6)We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院).7)It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).,五、虚拟语气,1)I had had your opportunities when I was young2)he had known this disease is curable3)painted it blue,and without any decorations4)measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams5)as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly6)Jack(should)be sent to hospital right now7)more mobile shops(should)be set up in the residential area,8)His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).9)We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试).10)It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).11)But for his help,_(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).12)I used my calculator;_(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).13)Were I in your place,_(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).14)He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).,8)they(should)set up a special board/committee to examine this problem9)the mid-term exams(should)be canceled10)we(should)be short of water in a country where it is always raining11)we could not have rent a house at such a low price12)otherwise,it would have taken me more time to work out this question13)I would seize the opportunity without hesitation14)lest he should awaken the baby,六、不定式,1)It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).2)It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).3)It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).4)The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).5)Mr.Green was wondering _(是否去看望在法国的儿子).6)The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).7)We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).8)He feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).,9)We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应,用于实践).,10)Sally Ride was the first _(探索外部空间的美国妇女).11)They lifted a rock _(结果砸了自己的脚).12)He was surprised _(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).13)I am sorry _(占用了您这么多时间).14)I happened _(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).15)She doesnt like _(被当作客人).16)If you want to save money,youd better _(到校园书店买旧书).17)We were made _(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).,六、不定式,1)to complete a 24-story building in 10 months2)for us to have a good nights sleep before the test3)of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area4)not to punish those students who had been late for class5)whether to visit their son in France6)warned me just now not to water flowers at noon7)invited him to give us a lecture on modern art8)to be the chairman of students union in so large a university,9)to apply what we have learned in class to practice10)American woman to explore the outer space11)only to drop it on their own feet12)to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village13)to have taken up so much of your time14)to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in15)to be treated as a guest16)go to the campus