大学英语四级翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,大学英语四级翻译,新四级的整个试卷在整体上追求题目高密度、题型多样化以及知识点的高含金量。,翻译部分要求5分钟处理5个句子。但四级阶段考生受词汇量和知识结构影响，基本缺乏双语翻译的训练和技巧，所以这部分得分率并不高。实际上，四级试卷上的翻译部分并不太复杂。,其一，考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。大学英语读写教材中，每课都有汉译英译句练习，应该是学生非常熟悉的题型。相比较，考研翻译中的长句英译汉则难得多；,其二，内容单纯，不需要专业理论知识。题目内容既没有高难度的新闻翻译、文学翻译，也不涉及科技经贸翻译中的专业知识，只是一般的短句翻译，没有大主题语境，也谈不上翻译的“信、达、雅”标准，四级程度学生可以胜任,。,其三，名为翻译，实为补全句子，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词，其中隐含着四级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。,样题,以下是样题所提供的5个翻译句子，我们根据其内容来推测可能考查的知识点：,87.,The substance does not dissolve in water _(,不管是否加热)。,本句意为：不管是否加热，这种物质都不会溶解于水。前半句所给的信息并不重要，考生凭四级词汇知识可以理解,substance(,物质)和,dissolve(,溶解)两个单词的意义。考虑提示部分的汉语，“不管是否”即“,whether or”，,很容易找到这个对应结构。关键点在于对“加热”的理解，是主动还是被动处理，从上下文意义推断出是,water,被加热，所以我们采用被动方式，即,whether(it is)heated or not,，,填入部分作让步状语从句，,it is,可以被省略。,考查重点：,从句知识：尤其让步状语从句，注意复习,whether or,though,no matter how,等表达的用法。,分词用法：注意辨别现在分词和过去分词，同时考虑动词被动语态的运用。,88.,Not only _(,他向我收费过高)，,but he didn,t do a good repair job either.,本句意为：他不但向我收费过高，而且东西修理得不怎么样。,本句中要考虑两个层面，首先是动词,“,收费,”,的对应词，应当是,“,charge,”,。,“,过高,”,则往往使用,too high,或,too much,由于主体内容是金钱而不是温度，我们用经常搭配的,“,much,”,。,更加巧妙的用词是,“,overcharge,”,，,恰好可以把意思归并到一起。还要考虑的是本句中,“,not only,but,”,结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，自然是倒装句的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们不得不把助动词,did,提炼出来，按照倒装结构翻译成,“,Not only did he charge me too much,”,或者,“,Not only did he overcharge me,”,。,考查重点：,倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。类似的知识点还要注意,Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely,等否定词在句首的倒装情况。,89.,Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(,与我的相比)。,本句意为,“,你在生意中的损失与我的相比不值一题。,”,翻译时有两个知识点容易出错，首先，,“,与,相比,”,考查词组知识，四级程度同学应当掌握,“,compared with,”,或者,“,in comparison with,”,但常有考生把,“,compare with,”,与,“,compare to,”,(,把,比做)混淆，或者没有考虑过去分词形式。此外，,“,我的,”,应当使用物主代词所有格,“,mine,”,，,此处不宜写成,“,my losses,”,。,故此处可以译为“,in comparison with mine,”或“,compared with mine,”。,考查重点：,词组知识：需要考生把握大批类似,compare with,以及名词形式,in comparison with,的词组或短语，其中固定搭配需要使用的介词副词非常重要。,分词形式：在句子中做修饰成分与前者构成主动被动关系至关重要。,90.,On average,it is said,visitors spend only _(,一半的钱),in a day in Leeds as in London.,本句意为：据说，游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。,显然本句在拿,as,as,结构做文章。因为是比较关系，把在,Leeds,和在,London,的费用做比较，所以后半句有明确的,“,as,”,一词。空缺部分是要有,“,as,”,还要有,“,half,”,和,“,money,”,。,关键是次序如何调理。根据比较结构中的倍数原则，倍数数字放在最开始，例如：,four times/half/one third+,as much/many+n.+as,因此本句要填入,“,half as much money,”,。,考查重点：,比较结构：本句考查同级比较中的倍数关系，类似表达还有,twice as much(many)as,91.,By contrast,American mothers were more likely_(,把孩子的成功归因于),natural talent.,本句意为：相比较，美国的母亲们更可能把孩子的成功归因于天赋。本句再次在词组方面进行考查，,“,把,归因于,”,是大学英语四级考查率极高的一个语言点，有时表达因果关系最复杂的动词词组。应当熟练把握,“,attribute,to,”,的拼写和用法。此外，不要忽略另外一个词的用法,“,be likely to,”,表示,“,容易,”,、,“,可能,”,等意义，稍不小心就会把,to,漏掉。总之，需要填入的部分拼贴在一起就是,“,to attribute their children,s success to,”,。,考查重点：,动词词组，表示因果关系的,attribute,to,。,需要熟练掌握用法的还有,lead to,result in,result from,be to blame for,be responsible for。,另外，还要学会使用拼写类似的词组,contribute to，,表示,“,有助于，对,做出贡献,”,。,小结,如果仔细研究以上样题的考点，不难发现新四级在放弃专门的词汇语法结构题型后，把相关知识点设置到了其它的几种题型中。至少我们未来面对的翻译部分就重点考查了各类词组语法的知识，而且全是原来四级题目中的重点。那么倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句、词组仍然有用武之地。准备新四级千万不要与以往的知识割裂，熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识，并且活学活用，才会对新的题型游刃有余。,Practice,1.I have had great deal of trouble _.(,跟得上班上的其他同学,),2._(,我们没有人料到主席会出现,)at the party.We thought he was still in hospital.,3.A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(,正如预料的那样,).,keeping up with the rest of the class,None of us expected the chairman to turn up,as was to be expected,4.Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much _(,是一门科学，也是一门艺术,).5.Some women _(,本来能够挣一份很好的工资,)in a job instead of staying home,but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.,6.Over a third of the population was estimated _(,无法获得,)to the health service.,an art as it is a science,could have made a good salary,to have no access,7.Although punctual himself,the professor was quite used _(,习惯了学生迟到,)his lecture.,8.The price of beer _ (,从,50,美分到,4,美元不等,)per liter during the summer season.,9.Wed like _(,预订一张餐桌,)five for dinner this evening.,10.Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _(,想找麻烦,).,to students being late for,ranges/varies from 50 cents to$4,to reserve a table for,to make trouble,11.It may be necessary to stop _(,每隔,时间,)in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.,12.The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(,伤害自己,).,13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was _(,忙着准备,)her examination.,14.The ships generator broke down and the pumps _(,不得不用手工操,作,)instead of mechanically.,at intervals,injure himself,busy preparing for,had to be operated manually,15.Why didnt you tell me you could lend me the money?I _(,本来不必从银行借钱的,),16.By the time you get to New York,I _ (,已经动身去,)London.17.Buying clothes _ (,是一件很耗时的工作,),because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.,neednt have borrowed it from the bank,shall have left for,is often a very time-consuming job,18.Its time _(,采取措施,)about the traffic problem downtown.,19.When I was very young,I was terribly frightened of school,but I soon _(,克服了这种心理,).,20.Please dont stand in the kitchen,youre _(,挡路了,).,something was done/,some m