翻译理论与实践

,*,翻译理论与实践,Translation Theories&Practice,Lecture 2,A Comparative Study of Chinese&English,英汉语言对比初探（一）,翻译理论与实践,Translation Theories&Practice,I love my love with an,E,because shes,e,nticing;I hate her with an,E,because shes,e,ngaged;I took her to the sign of the,e,xquisite,and treated her with an,e,lopement;her names,E,mily,and she lives in the,e,ast.,(Dickens,David Copperfield,),I love my love with an E,because shes enticing;I hate her with an E,because shes engaged;I took her to the sign of the exquisite,and treated her with an elopement;her names Emily,and she lives in the east.(Dickens,David Copperfield,),译文,1,：,我爱我的爱人为了一个,E,，因为她是,Enticing(,迷人的,),；我恨我的爱人为了一个,E,因为她是,Engaged(,订了婚的,),。我用我的爱人象征,Exquisite(,美妙,),，我劝我的爱人从事,Elopement(,私奔,),，她的名字是,Emily(,爱弥丽,),，她的住处在,East(,东方,),。,（董秋斯）,译文,2,：,我爱我的那个“,丽,”，可爱迷人有魅,力,；我恨我的那个“,丽,”，要和他人结伉,俪,；她文雅大方又美,丽,，和我出逃去游,历,；她芳名就叫爱米,丽,，家住东方人俏,丽,。（马红军）,I love my love with an E,because shes enticing;I hate her with an E,because shes engaged;I took her to the sign of the exquisite,and treated her with an elopement;her names Emily,and she lives in the east.,译文,3,：,我爱我的爱,人,，因为她很迷,人,；我恨我的爱,人,，因已许配他,人,；他在我心中是美,人,，我带她私奔，以避开外,人,；她名叫虞美,人,，是东方丽,人,。,（姜秋霞、张柏然）,I love my love with an E,because shes enticing;I hate her with an E,because shes engaged;I took her to the sign of the exquisite,and treated her with an elopement;her names Emily,and she lives in the east.,译文,1,：,我爱我的爱人为了一个,E,，因为她是,Enticing(,迷人的,),；我恨我的爱人为了一个,E,因为她是,Engaged(,订了婚的,),。我用我的爱人象征,Exquisite(,美妙,),，我劝我的爱人从事,Elopement(,私奔,),，她的名字是,Emily(,爱弥丽,),，她的住处在,East(,东方,),。,（董秋斯）,译文,2,：,我爱我的那个“,丽,”，可爱迷人有魅,力,；我恨我的那个“,丽,”，要和他人结伉,俪,；她文雅大方又美,丽,，和我出逃去游,历,；她芳名就叫爱米,丽,，家住东方人俏,丽,。,（马红军）,译文,3,：,我爱我的爱,人,，因为她很迷,人,；我恨我的爱,人,，因已许配他,人,；他在我心中是美,人,，我带她私奔，以避开外,人,；她名叫虞美,人,，是东方丽,人,。（姜秋霞、张柏然）,春读书 秋读书 春秋读书读春秋,东当铺 西当铺 东西当铺当东西,水有虫则浊，水有鱼则渔，水水水，江河湖淼淼。,木之下为本，木之上为末，木木木，松柏樟森森。,大地回春,风,和,日,丽,春,光,好,万,紫,千,红,江,山,骄,Spring Has Come Round,All the brilliant flowers make the landscape most beautiful.,The warm sun and the gentle breeze make a spring wonderful,.,It is an old woman,tall and shapely still,though withered by time,on whom my eyes fell,I stopped and returned.,It is an old woman,tall and shapely still,though withered by time,on whom my eyes fell,I stopped and returned.,我站住，转过身来，定睛一看，原来是个年迈的妇女。她身材修长，虽受岁月的折磨而显憔悴，但风韵犹在。,我停下脚步，转身看见一位老妇人。她虽饱经风霜，却身材高挑，风韵犹在。,我转身头一甩，偶见一老太太。,她虽然年纪大，可身材还不差。,王佐良：,“一切照原作，雅俗如之，深浅如之，口气如之。”,鲁迅：,“我想来总认为翻译比创作容易，因为至少无须构想。但真的一译，就会遇到难关，譬如一个名词或动词，写不出，创造时可以回避，翻译上则不成，也还得想，一直到头昏眼花，好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。”,一、词的意义对比,1.,Word-for word Correspondence,Proper Nouns and technical terms,e.g.,Marxism=,马克思主义,Aspirin=,阿司匹林,激光,=Laser,白血病,=leukemia,2.,One Word with Multiple Equivalents,e.g.,wife:,妻子，爱人，夫人，老婆，老伴，媳妇，堂客，内人,potato,：马铃薯，洋芋，土豆，山药蛋,人：,human being,man,people,person,犬：,dog,hound,spaniel,setter,3.,One Word with Several Equivalents of Different meaning,e.g.,cousin:,堂兄，堂弟，堂姐，堂妹，表哥，表弟，表姐，表妹,president:,总统，总裁，主席，董事长，议长，会长，社长，校长,carry:,搬，运，送，提，拎，担，抬，背，扛，搂，抱,端，举，捧,marriage:,娶，嫁,gun,：枪，炮,走,:walk,saunter,amble,stride,trudge,tiptoe,shamble,clump,prance,机,:machine,engine,plane,aircraft,羊：,sheep,goat,ram,ewe,lamb,4.Equivalents Interwoven with One Another,e.g.,say,speak,talk,tell,说，讲，谈，诉,5.Words Without Equivalents,e.g.,teenager,：,13-19,岁的青少年,clock-watcher,：老是看钟等下班的人,阴,(in Chinese thoughts)the soft inactive female principle or force in the world.,阳,(in Chinese thoughts)the strong active male principle or force in the world,二、词的搭配对比,To cut wheat,To cut cake,To cut finger-nails,（割麦 子）,（切蛋糕）,（剪指甲）,He,wore,dark glasses,and thick jersey,and stopped up his ears with cotton wool.,他,戴,黑眼镜，,穿,厚毛衣，耳朵里塞了棉花。,Some Americans pop across the border simply to,fuel up on,flavorful Mexican food and beer.,一些美国人越过国境线，只是为了,吃点,可口的墨西哥食物，,喝点,墨西哥啤酒。,三、词序对比,1、定语的位置,（,1,）单词作定语,a research-oriented,hospital,（前置）,一所以搞科研为重点的,医院 （前置）,something,important,（后置）,重要的,事情 （前置）,A,little,yellow,ragged,lame,unshaven,beggar,（前置）,一个要饭的，,身材短小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛，瘸腿，满脸短鬓,（后置）,1、定语的位置,（,2,）短语作定语,a building project,of high-rise,apartment houses,（后置）,一个,多层公寓大楼的,建筑项目（前置）,a candidate,with little chance of success,（后置）,一个,当选希望极其微妙的,候选人,（前置）,2、状语的位置,（,1,）单词作状语,John did not distinguish himself as a student,but he was,very,active in class.,（前置）,约翰当年并不是出色的学生，但他在班上,很,活跃。（前置）,Modern science and technology are developing,rapidly,.,（后置）,现代科学技术正在,迅速,发展。（前置）,2、状语的位置,（,2,）短语作状语,Then with a bag of toys and books,we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn.,（前置）,我们,提着一口袋玩具和书籍,，在晨曦中穿过了花园。（前置）,He was quick to use self-deprecating humor,to throw anyone off,the scent.,（后置）,为了迷惑别人,，他机灵地说些自我挖苦的笑话。（前置）,He wanted to learn,to know,to teach.,Some schedules are subject to last minute changes.Please call us if you cant come.,He was wrinkled and black,with scant gray hair.,在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。,如果报纸想得以大量发行，则必须具有知识性、思想性和趣味性。,After-class Task,He wanted,to learn,to know,to teach,.,After-class Task,译文,I,：,他想,学习，增长知识，也想把自己的知识教给别人,。,译文,II,：,他要,格物致知，教书育人。,（Tr.覃 军）,（Tr.唐 婷）,（【解释】：格：推究；致：求得。穷究事物原理，从而获得知识。）,礼记,大学,大学之道，在明明德，在新民，在止于至善。,The Wa