上海牛津英语高一下U3-4语言点-keys

上海牛津英语 高一（下）语言点S1A U3-U4S1A U3 PlantsI. Reading-The interesting world of plants1. serve (1)提供(食物、饮料等) serve sb. with sth. 这家酒店什么时候供应早餐？What time is breakfast served in this hotel?(2) 服务，对待她在公司忠心耿耿地工作了30年。She has served the company faithfully for thirty years.(3) 可做，适于这个盒子可以当做椅子。The box will serve as a seat.(4) 任职，服役（军队等）他年轻时在军队服役。He served in the navy when he was young.2. separate(1) v. separate A from B （使） 分开 Its impossible to separate belief from emotion.(区别情感与信念) (2) adj. 单独的孩子们分开睡。The children sleep in separate beds. 他们各自单独生活. They lead separate lives. (3) adj. 不同的（different/ distinguish）这件事在三个不同场合都发生过. It happened on three separate occasions.3. speaking of “提起，说到”。可单独放在句子前作状语，也可作插入语，其逻辑主语和句子的主语可不一致。generally speaking（一般而言）time permitting（时间允许的话），judging from (根据判断), considering（就而论）, talking of., (提到)supposing(假如)II. More Reading-Learn to care for plants1. decorate (vt.) 装饰;装修decoratewith 用装饰The little girl decorated her hair with flowers.(用花来装饰头发)be decorated with 装饰着大厅装饰着五彩的气球。The hall was beautifully decorated with colourful balloons.decoration (n.) 装饰；装饰物（常s）2. ignore (vt.) 忽视;不予理睬The athlete ignored the pain(不管疼痛) and continued to compete.ignorant (a.) 无知的他不知道发生了什么。He is ignorant of what happened. ignorance (n.) 无知Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud.知识使人谦虚，无知使人 骄傲。区别ignore和neglectignore 是故意不理睬；neglect 是因粗心或遗忘漏做neglect ones meals and sleep 废寝忘食neglect ones duties 玩忽职守 Q: What will happen if you _ the traffic rules? BA. miss B.ignore C. overlook D. neglect 3. goldengolden (a.) 金色的;宝贵的金科玉律golden rule 鼎盛时期golden age绝好的机会golden opportunity黄金时段golden hoursS1A U4 Creatures large and smallI. Reading-Friend or enemy?1. frightenbe frightened of 害怕e.g. The little girl is not frightened of strangers. (不怕生人)frighten (vt.) sb 恐吓某人Dont frighten her. （不要恐吓她）After all, she is a child. frightening adj.令人惊恐的，令人害怕的frightened adj.受惊吓的，害怕的e.g. That crash is the most _ (frighten) experience in my life. frighteninge.g. The _ (frighten) children were calling for their mothers. frightenedfright (n.) 惊恐，害怕2. suppose (v.) 认为，猜想 (conj.) suppose (that)/ supposing (that) =if 状语从句引导词，“假如”假如你有一百万英镑，你要如何花这些钱呢？Suppose you had a million pounds how would you spend it?你猜她发生什么事了?What do you suppose has happened to her?“他来吗?” “对, 我想他能来.” “Will he come?” “Yes, I suppose so.” 否定： No, I suppose not. / No, I dont suppose so.他们应该在一小时以前到达这里。 They were supposed to be here an hour ago. 3. remark (n.) 评论(+on/upon)make a remark (on/upon.)就.发表意见;对.品头论足 remark (+ on/upon) v.评论Prof. Smith remarked on the difference between the two dictionaries.(评论两本字典的不同)remarkable (a.) 显著的;非凡的4. survivevt. 从逃生；幸免于从战争/灾难/火灾/地震中逃生survive the war/the disaster/the fire/an earthquakevi 幸存 The fittest survive. 适者生存。我们靠着剩下的这点钱活了下来。 We managed to survive /live on the remaining money.n. survival 幸存 /survivor 幸存者5. emerge vi. 显露；出现；暴露emerge from the water 从水中浮现出来n. emergence 出现/ emergency 突发事情emergency exit 应急出口in case of emergency 若发生紧急情况6. fill vt. 装满 在杯子中装满水fill the glass with water满足某人的要求 fill （satisfy/meet）ones requirements/needs/demands be filled with= be crowded/packed with充满 当你看着太阳冉冉升起的时候，心中就会充满希望。While you are watching the sun rising slowly, you will be filled with hope. vi. fill in/out 填写 填写表格fill in an application form7. exceptexcept: 排除同类事物，不包括在整体里面，其意为“除以外”、“除去”。 except=but。except 不放句首，要放句首用 except for 代替 Everyone is here except Tom.除汤姆外，大家都到了。 = Except for Tom everyone is here.除了我每个人都对考试成绩感到满意。Everyone was satisfied with the exam result except me. =Except for me everyone was satisfied with the exam result.except for:它表示不同类事物之间的关系， 指美中不足e.g. 这部电影除了结尾之外都很好。 The movie was good except for the ending.说说 except 和except for 的区别 只有except for 可以放在句首except 是同类事物之间的关系，指把同类排除在外； except for 是不同类事物间的关系，指美中不足；except for 后不接that 从句？ n. exception without exception 毫无例外凡规则必有例外。There is no rule without an exception. All the computers are working well _ this one. exceptThe computer is good _ the price. except for Some other computers broke down _ this one yesterday. besidesHe told me everything about the computer _ he won it as a prize. except thatThe computer is working well _ I go online. except whenHe seldom goes anywhere except _ his office. to I have looked for my key everywhere except _ the drawer. in8. similar adj.类似的be similar to sb in sth 与某人在方面相似我和最好的朋友在性格上很相似。I am very similar in character to my best friend. similarly adv.同样地similarity (n.) 相似之处9. treat v. 对待，看待，处理，治疗，款待，请客 治疗某人的病 treat sb./ones disease对待；看作 treat sb. as/like =(regard as, look on as / consideras/to be / think of as , think to be ) 把他当作自己的孩子treat sb. as/like his own child款待，请客 treat sb. to sth. treat kids to candies 招待小孩吃糖果 treat/entertain sb. to dinner 请某人吃晚饭用杀虫剂处理庄稼treat the crops with insecticiden. 款待，请客这次我请客。This is my treat.treatment n.治疗 10. point (n./v.) 要点，意义（n.）我不明白她最后那句话的意思。I dont see the point of her last remark. There is no point in “做是没有意义的”抱怨是没有意义的。There is no point in complaining. point out指出他指出他们是错误的。He pointed out that they were mistaken. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (山东卷)A. where B. that C. when D. whichsee sbs point 明白观点get ones points 理解某人的意思 from my point of view 在我看来to the point 恰当，中肯 off the point 离题a case in point 恰当的例子There is no point in doing sth. 做是没有用的担心是没有用的。There is no point in worrying about it. Whats the point of doing sth.? 做某事有什么意义呢？ boiling/freezing/turning point 沸点，冰点，转折点II. More Reading-The mystery of hibernation1. occur -rr- (vi.) 发生空难是什么时候发生的？When did the air crash occur?这片区域经常有地震发生。Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.sth occur to sb 某人想到to do/that他在梦里想到一个绝妙的点子。A brilliant idea occurred to him in a dream.我突然想起要去拜访老师。It occurred to me to visit my teacher. 我从没想到他会遇到麻烦。It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble. 2. absence (n.) 缺席;不在in ones absence某人不在，缺席我不在的时候做的决定。The decision was made in/during my absence.be absent (a.) from 缺席他没来学校，因为他生病了。He was absent from school, because he was ill.3. compare vt. 比较，比喻compareto 把比作把书籍比作朋友compare books to friends comparewith 把和进行比较 _with yours , my pen writes better. compared_ my pen with yours, I decide to buy another. comparingcomparative adj. 比较的；相对的incomparable 无可比拟n. comparison 比较by comparison 比较起来in comparison with和相比4. continuously ad. = uninterruptedly 连续不断地 * c.f. continually = at short intervals 断断续续，经常地The river flows continuously through the country.He goes to see her continually.The wind blew continuously for three days.He is continually reminding me of what I owe him.He kept us continuously supplied with fresh fruits.5. breath n. 呼吸 深呼吸 draw/take a deep breath hold ones breath 屏息 out of breath 上气不接下气lose ones breath喘不过气来breathless adj. 喘不过气来的，屏息的breathtaking adj. 令人兴奋的，令人心惊肉跳的 v. breathe bri: breathe in/out6. dropvi. 落下，下降 The temperature dropped suddenly. drop to the lowest point drop by 40% drop in on sb./drop in at sp. 顺便走访某人，某地 来办公室见我drop in on me at my officen.滴 a drop of water 一滴水下降 a drop in prices/temperature 价格/气温下降7. bottom n. .底部at the bottom of 在的底部from the bottom of ones heart发自内心地8. stir vt. (stirred) a. 搅动用汤匙搅拌咖啡 stir the coffee with a spoon b. 激动；激起 stir ones blood/ones imagination 使某人热血沸腾，激起某人幻想9. contrastn. 对比；对照by/in contrast 对比之下 in contrast to/with 与形成对照；与对比鲜明的对比a sharp/remarkable/striking contrast 他的白头发和深色皮肤形成鲜明对比。 His white hair was in sharp contrast with his dark skin.综合练习1. 我们刚就座，服务员就给我们上茶。（serve）The waiter served us tea as soon as we were seated.2. 这两只狗老是打架，你应该把它们分开。（separate）The two dogs are always fighting. You should keep them separate from each other.3. 当玛丽和我谈起昔日的大学往事时，我们禁不住大笑起来。（speak of）When Mary and I spoke of the old days at university, we couldnt help laughing.4. 老板不能容忍他的职员一而再地犯同一个错误。（tolerate）The boss cant/is unable to tolerate his employees making the same mistake again and again. 5. 她常常生病的原因是因为她不怎么热衷于运动。（reason）The reason why she often gets sick/falls ill is that she isnt keen on getting/taking exercise.6. 地板上丢满了烟头。（litter）The floor was littered with cigarette ends.7. 你不必对他答应的事当真，因为他从来说话都不算数。(seriously)You should not take his promises seriously, because he never keeps his word.8. 我向她打招呼，可她根本不理我。(ignore)I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.9. 和我相比，他在很多方面都好得多。(compare)Compared with me, he is much better in many aspects.10. 我想他们的观点和我的理论毫无共同之处。(common)I suppose their views have nothing in common with my theory.11. 每当他听到这首歌曲，就会想起家乡的一草一木。(occur)Every time he hears this song, almost everything in his hometown occurs to him.12. 她是如此地怕蛇以至于看到一根绳子身体都会发抖。(So.)So frightened of snakes is she that her body will shake even at the sight of a rope.13. 我们都赞同他在动物保护问题上的看法。(view)We all agree with his views on animal protection.14. 地震过后，这个城市没有几幢房子幸免于难。(survive)Few buildings in the city survived the earthquake.15. 当太阳从云层后面露出来时，他们高兴得跳了起来。(emerge)They jumped with job when the sum emerged from behind the clouds.16. 有些疾病用药物是无法治疗的。(treat)Some diseases cannot be treated with medicine.17. 演讲者讲得太快了，听众都没明白他的意思。(point)The lecturer spoke so fast that the audience could not get his point.