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Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language(Revise the verb tenses )IntroductionIn this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions, and then to revise the verb tenses . The following steps of teaching may be taken: warming up by revising the verb tenses , reading aloud to the recording, discovering useful words and expressions, reading more about Davidson Black, revising the present perfect continuous tense, discovering useful structures and closing down by looking and saying. ObjectivesTo help students revise the verb tenses To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressionsTo help students discover and learn to use some useful structuresProcedures1. Warming up by revising the verb tenses Active TensesSimple PresentPresent Action or ConditionGeneral TruthsNon-action; Habitual ActionFuture Time I hear you. Here comes the bus. There are thirty days in September. I like music. I run on Tuesdays and Sundays. The train leaves at 4:00 p.m.Present ProgressiveActivity in ProgressVerbs of Perception I am playing soccer now He is feeling sadSimple PastCompleted ActionCompleted Condition We visited the museum yesterday. The weather was rainy last week.Past ProgressivePast Action that took place over a period of timePast Action interrupted by another They were climbing for twenty-seven days. We were eating dinner when she told me.FutureWith will/wont - Activity or event that will or wont exist or happen in the futureWith going to - future in relation to circumstances in the present Ill get up late tomorrow. I wont get up early. Im hungry. Im going to get something to eat.Present PerfectWith verbs of state that begin in the past and lead up to and include the presentTo express habitual or continued actionWith events occuring at an indefinited or unspecified time in the past - with ever, never, before He has lived here for many years. He has worn glasses all his life. Have you ever been to Tokyo before?Present Perfect ProgressiveTo express duration of an action that began in the past, has continued into the present, and may continue into the future David has been working for two hours, and he hasnt finished yet.Past Perfectto describe a past event or condition completed before another event in the pastIn reported speech When I arrived home, he had already called. Jane said that she had gone to the movies.Future perfectto express action that will be completed by or before a specified time in the future By next month we will have finished this job. He wont have finished his work until 2:00.THE PASSIVE TENSES Simple presentactive:passive: The company ships the computers to many foreign countries. Computers are shipped to many foreign countries.Present Progressiveactive:passive: The chef is preparing the food. The food is being prepared.Simple Pastactive:passive: The delivery man delivered the package yesterday. The package was delivered yesterday.Past Progressiveactive:passive: The producer was making an announcement. An announcement was being made.Futureactive:passive: Our representative will pick up the computer. The computer will be picked up.Present Perfectactive:passive: Someone has made the arrangements for us. The arrangements have been made for us.Past Perfectactive:passive: They had given us visas for three months. We had been given visas for three months.Future perfectactive:passive: By next month we will have finished this job. By next month this job will have been finished.Modalsactive:passive: You can use the computer. The computer can be used.2. Reading aloud to the recording The more you read aloud, the better you get at it; the better you get at it, the more you like it; and the more you like it, the more you do it. And the more you read aloud, the more you know; and the more you know, the smarter you grow.So listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pronunciation, stress and intonation. 3. Discovering useful words and expressionsTurn to page 40 and fill in the blank to complete the two exercises.4. Reading more about Davidson BlackDavidson Black (1884-1934)Davidson Black was born in Toronto, Canada in 1884. He learned early on that good communication skills with other cultures would aide him in learning about them. Black not only befriended the Indians and learned their languages in his early days; he also got along extremely well with his Chinese colleagues. He was always eager to know more and this progressed throughout his life. He earned a degree in Medical Science in 1906 from the University of Toronto, then went back to study comparative anatomy. By 1909, Black was an Anatomy Instructor. After realizing his passion for human evolution, he gained his big break. In 1919 he was offered a position at Peking Union Medical College in China. In 1927, Black began an enormous excavation at Zhoukoudian, which is near Peking. It was there that a hominid lower molar of unusual distinction was discovered. After studying this tooth with intense focus, Black recognized the existence of a previously unknown hominid genus and species. He also pointed out the close relationships among Peking man and Pithecanthropus Erectus. Davidson Black inferred that the Peking man was a thinking being, standing erect, dating to the beginning of the Ice Age. Some scientists were skeptical of Blacks findings, and in 1928, while Black was traveling to validate his beliefs to other scientists, half of a lower jaw was found with three teeth still intact. But the evidence he was really looking for was in the discovery of skull of the first Peking man.In 1932, Black was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. His hard work and dedication carried him far in his experiments and discoveries, but the stress eventually got to him. He struggled with a congenital heart defect, which when he overworked would act up. He worked long days at his office, often returning again to work during the night, with very minimal sleep. This obsession eventually lead to his death at age 49, in March of 1934, while working alone in his office at night.5. Revising the present perfect continuous tensePresent Perfect ContinuousFORM Present Perfect ContinuousHAS / HAVE + BEEN + VERB+ingEXAMPLES:I have been sitting here for two hours.She has only been studying Japanese for two years.NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Present Perfect Continuous (has been studying), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (has only been studying).USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. For five minutes, for two weeks, and since Tuesday are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous. EXAMPLES:They have been talking for the last hour.She has been working at that company for three years.James has been teaching at the University since June.USE 2 Recently, Lately You can use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as for five minutes, for two weeks, and since Tuesday. Without the durations, the this tense gives a more general meaning of lately. We often use the words lately or recently in the sentence to strengthen this meaning.EXAMPLES:Recently, I have been feeling really tired.She has been watching too much television lately.Mary has been feeling a little depressed.IMPORTANTRemember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of lately or recently. If you use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as Have you been feeling alright?, it suggests that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as Have you been smoking? suggests that you can smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear, or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly.IMPORTANT Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed VerbsIt is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. To express the idea of Present Perfect Continuous with these exception verbs, you must use Present Perfect.EXAMPLES:Sam has been having his car for two years. Not CorrectSam has had his car for two years. CorrectACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Perfect ContinuousEXAMPLES:Recently, John has been doing the work. ACTIVERecently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVENOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is rarely used in its passive form.6. Discovering useful structuresNow turn to page 40 and do exercises 1, 2 and 3. 7. Closing down by looking and sayingNow to end this period, lets look at the photo and say something about our ancestors. How did they live in the old days? What did they do for a living?
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