2019-2020年高中英语基础知识 连词的讲解与训练

2019-2020年高中英语基础知识连词的讲解与训练连词知识要点连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词等，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。种类作用举例用来连and（和）,aswellas（既又）,bothand（不但而且）,notonly并接词与butalso（不但而且），notbut（不是而是），neithernor列2词、2词（既不也不）,eitheror（不是就是），or（或者），but（但连组与词是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这词组、分时）等。如：Bothmybrotherandmysisterareteachers./Hisroc句与分句isbrightbutmineisgloomy（暗沉沉的）.引导时间状语从句的：after,before,when,as,while,since,until,assoonas引导原因状语从句的：because,since,as,inthat从在复合引导让步状语从句的：although,though,as,nomatter，evenif属句中引（though）连导从句弓1导条件状语从句的：if,unless,once,so（as）longas,oncondition词that引导结果状语从句的：sothat，suchthat引导目的状语从句的：sothat，inorderthat引导比较状语从句的:asas，notso（as）as，than-引导方式状语从句的:asif,asthough引导名词性从句（即主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句）的连词主要有：who,whose,when,how,where,why,that,whether,if等。疑难突破某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别：once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”,引导条件状语从句相当于if的加强形式。例如：Idontbelievehewasonceathief.（once是副词）OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents.（once是连词）till,until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句用于否定句时，结构为not口口til（till）,主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到才”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示到为止。如：Theyplayedvolleyballuntil（till）itgotdark./Theydidnttalk（延续性动词）until（till）theinterpreter（译员）came./Hedidntgotobed（非延续性动词）until（till）thehisfathercameback.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，如：Untilthelastminuteofthematchwekeptonplaying./Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdihegohome.（倒装）；till,until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：Wewalkedtilltheedgeoftheforest.（要用asfaras或to）。as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句 as引导时间状语从句，意为当时。如:As（hewas）ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperandlaterapostmaster./Hesangasheworked. as引导方式状语从句，意为象一样。如:WemustdoasthePartyteachesus. as引导原因状语从句。意为由于，如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterhavearest. as引导让步状语从句。意为虽然、尽官。如：Childasheis,hecandoitwell.（=Althoughheisachild,hecandoitwell.）另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：Ihavethesamebookasyou.because,since,as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别. 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。如：Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.； 如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as,或since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest./Sinceeveryoneishere,nowletsbegin.although和thoughalthough用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although,though引导的从句后，主句不能用but,但可用副词yet.引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别still。如：Although/Thoughitrainedallthemorning,theystillwentonworking.(或yettheywentonworking) though常与even连用，eventhough表示强调，意为即使，但不能说evenalthough，例如：EventhoughIdidntunderstandaword,Ikepsmiling. though可用作副词，意为然而，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：Itwasaquietparty,Ihadagoodtime,though.当while,when,as引导时间状语从句时的区别 while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while的这些用法可用when代替，等于atthetimethat,duringthetimethat。如：Pleasekeepquietwhile(when)othersarestudying； when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于atthetime，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时、进行时或完成时。如:WhenIwentintotheroom,hewaswritinganarticle.(when不能换成while)HeoftenmakesmistakeswhenheislearningChinese“gongfu.(when可换成while) as常可与when,while通用，但强调一边、一边。例如：As(when,while)Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofnumber37. when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是主语+系动词结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When(hewas)young,heworkedforarichman./Shellbeheretogiveyouhelpwhen(ifitis)necessary. when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为如果、假如，例如：Illewhen(if)Imfree.unless弓丨导条件状语从句等于ifnot。例如：Hellacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow.(=Hellacceptthejobifthesalaryisnottoolow.)在用asif引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气例如：Hetalksas辻heknewallaboutit.但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.whether,if引导从引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether,不用if。例如：WhethertheywillgototheGreatWallisnotknown./Thequestion句的用法区别iswhetherwecanfinishthetaskontime./Thequestionwhetherwwilltakepartinthephysicscontesthasnotbeendecided. whether可接不定式，而辻则不可。例如：Ihaventdecidedwhethertoleaveornot. whether可作介词的兵语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney./Whetherhewille,Iamnotsure. whether和if均可引导宾语从句，whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitrainsinwinterinAustralia?/Iwonderifitdoesntrain. 引导兵语从句的whether和if常可与ornot连用。连用时要注意ornot的位置，它一般与whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：Idontknowwhether/iftheywilleornot./Idontknowwhetherornottheywille. if可用来引导条件状语从句，译如果，whether则不行。例如：Ifyouworkhard,youaresuretosucceed.before作连词一般表示时间，意为在之前但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭试看以下句子的翻译：Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；BeforeIcouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。注意：命题热点在于句子衔接。即在词与词、句与句之间使用并列或从属连词。尤其是一个连词的多种用法的准确把握和引导从句时的灵活运用。即学即练1. -Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.一Thefirsttwoarefreethethirdcosts$30.beforeA.whileB.untilC.whenD.2.Johnplaysbasketballwell,_hisfavoritesportisbadminton.A.soB.orC.yetD.for3.Youmayusetheroomasyoulike_youcleanitupafterwards.A.sofarasB.solongasC.incaseD.evenif4. Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstosee_itgotanybetter.A.whenB.howC.whyD.if5. thepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.A.AlthoughB.AslongasC.IfonlyD.Assoonas6. -shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?-itdoesntrain.A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.If7.Owenwouldnteatanythinghecookedithimself.A.untilB.sinceC.unlessD.while8.Themedicineworksmoreeffectivelyyoudrinksomehotwateraftertakingit.A.asB.untilC.althoughD.if连词即学即练1. A。while表示转折（含前后对比）。2. C。考查并列句。前半句是说约翰篮球打得很好，后半句是说约翰最喜欢的运动是羽毛球。前后两句是一种转折关系oYet可以是副词也可以是转折连词,yet作连词的时候表示“可是”。因此选C.yet。整句的意思为，约翰篮球打得很好，但是他最喜欢的运动是羽毛球。So表示结果，or表示选择，for表示原因。3. B。考查条件状语从句的连接词。前半句是说你可以任意使用这个房间，后半句时说以后你把房间打扫干净，把房间打扫干净是任意使用这个房间的条件。能够引导条件状语从句的连接词有solongas和incase.Solongas二aslongas,表示“只要，强调必要条件；incase表示“万一”，强调可能性极小的假设，一般指不希望出现的事。根据句意我们应该选B.solongas.Sofaras等于asfaras表示“一直到（程度），例如IwillhelpyousofarasIcan我将竭尽全力来帮你。Even辻表示即使，引导让步状语从句。4. D。考查宾语从句（引导词if）o句意：最初他不喜欢这件新工作，但是他决定给自己几个月的时间来看一下这件工作是否会变得更好。D.if引导的宾语从句作see的宾语，意为“是否”。5. Ao考查从属连词的用法。根据句意“因为没有确切的证据；虽然警察认为她是最有可能的一个人，但是不能逮捕他”，引导让步状语从句。故选Ao6. Do交际用语，意思是：如果明天不下雨的话。引导条件状语从句用ifo7. Co句意：如果不是他亲自做的食物他就不吃任何东西。Unless“如果不”合句意。&Do句意：如果你吃药后喝热水药会更有效。if引导条件状语从句。2019-2020年高中英语必修10Module1PrideandPrejudice-BackgroundinformationoftheplayPygmalionSomethingabouttheauthorJaneAustenEnglishwriter,whofirstgavethenovelitsmoderncharacterthroughthetreatmentofeverydaylife.AlthoughAustenwaswidelyreadinherlifetime,shepublishedherworksanonymously.Themosturgentpreoccupationofheryoung,well-bredheroinesiscourtship,andfinallymarriage.Austensbest-knownbooksincludePrideandPrejudice(1813)andEmma(1816).VirginiaWoolfcalledherthemostperfectartistamongwomen.JaneAustenwasborninSteventon,Hampshire,whereherfatherwasarector.Shewastheseconddaughterandseventhchildinafamilyofeight.Thefirst25yearsofherlifeAustenspentinHampshire.Shewastutoredathome.Herparentswereavidreadersandshereceivedabroadereducationthanmanywomenofhertime.Onherfathersretirement,thefamilymovedtoBath.Austenstartedtowriteforfamilyamusementasachild.Herearliest-knownwritingsdatefromabout1787.Veryshyaboutherwriting,shewroteonsmallpiecesofpaperthatsheslippedunderthedeskplotterifanyonecameintotheroom.Afterthedeathofherfatherin1805,shelivedwithhermotherandsisterinSouthamptonandmovedin1809toalargecottageinthevillageofChawton.Austennevermarried,buthersociallifewasactive.Shewasconnectedwiththemiddling-richlandedgentrythatsheportrayedinhernovels.InChawtonAustenstartedtowritehermajorworks,amongthemSenseandSensibility,thestoryoftheimpoverishedDashwoodsisters,MarianneandElinor,whotrytofindproperhusbandstosecuretheirsocialposition.Thenovelwaswrittenin1797astherevisionofasketchcalledElinorandMarianne,posedwhentheauthorwas20.Austensheroinesaredeterminedtomarrywiselyandwell,butromanticMarianneisacharacterwhofeelsintenselyabouteverythingandlosesherhearttoanirresponsibleseducer.Icouldnotbehappywithamanwhosetastedidnotineverypointcoincidewithmyown.Hemustenterintoallmyfeelings;thesamewithbooks,thesamemusicmustcharmusboth.ReasonableElinorfallsinlovewithagentlemanalreadyengaged.Ihavefrequentlydetectedmyselfinsuchkindofmistakes,saidElinor,inatotalmisapprehensionofcharacterinsomepointoranother:fancyingpeoplesomuchmoregayorgrave,oringeniousorstupidthantheyreallyare,andIcanhardlytellwhyorinwhatthedeceptionoriginated.Sometimesoneisguidedbywhattheysayofthemselves,andveryfrequentlybywhatotherpeoplesayofthem,withoutgivingoneselftimetodeliberateandjudge.Austenfocusedonmiddle-classprovinciallifewithhumorandunderstanding.Shedepictedthelifeofminorlandedgentry,countryclergymenandtheirfamilies,inwhichmarriagemainlydeterminedwomenssocialstatus.Mostimportantforherwerethoselittlematters,asEmmasays,onwhichthedailyhappinessofprivatelifedepends.AlthoughAustenrestrictedtofamilymatters,andshepassedthehistoricaleventsoftheNapoleonicwars,herwitandobservantnarrativetouchhasbeeninexhaustibledelighttoreaders.Ofhersixgreatnovels,fourwerepublishedanonymouslyduringherlifetime.AtherdeathonJuly18,1817inWinchester,AustenwaswritingtheunfinishedSanditon.AustenwasburiedinWinchesterCathedral.AustensbrotherHenrymadeherauthorshippublicafterherdeath.EmmahadbeenreviewedfavorablybySirWalterScott,whowroteinhisjournalofMarch14,1826:MissAustenhadatalentfordescribingtheinvolvementsandfeelingsandcharactersofordinarylifewhichistomethemostwonderfulIhaveevermetwith.TheBigBow-WowstrainIcandomyselflikeanynowgoing;buttheexquisitetouch,whichrendersordinarymonplacethingsandcharactersinteresting,fromthetruthofthedescriptionandthesentiment,isdeniedtome.CharlotteBronteandE.B.Browningfoundherlimited.ItwasnotuntilthepublicationofJ.E.Austen-LeighsMemoirin1870thataJaneAustencultbegantodevelop.AustensunfinishedSanditonwaspublishedin1925.