2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考前模拟强化练习题62（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 填空题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After you have read the passage, answer each question in English. Write down your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.The British Museum in London is probably the classic example of an institution which is too rich by more than half. There, no doubt, because they have so much, they are unable to assess exactly what they have and what proportion they are able to show.One measure of how important are the treasures they have was given in Parliament last month when Jennie Lee, the Arts Minister said, “The museum authorities consider that the total cost of displaying everything in the museum might be more than $50,00000.”The Fitzwilliam has one of the best collections of coins in the world, but lack of space means that less than one percent of the collection can be shown. Paintings and drawings are rotated, partly to give the public a chance to see them all, partly to avoid too much exposure to light. But even under this policy some painters still dont get shown. Mr. David Piper, the director, said that some impressionist paintings by Boudin were not on show and that most of the big pottery collection had to be kept in a reserve gallery to which members of the public are admitted if they are particularly interested.It is a different story at Bradfords City Art Gallery. There they can show all the works of art they have, and would be glad to show more and finer works if they were available.The Arts Council owns one of the finest collections of modern British paintings and sculpture in existence, and is fortunate in that it does not have a permanent site for its works. The collection is split into a series of traveling exhibitions which are put on show at art galleries, museums, colleges and even libraries throughout the country, giving taxpayers a chance to see what they have brought.1. How many museums are mentioned in this article?2. “Paintings and drawings are rotated.” What does the sentence mean?3. In the Fitzwilliam museum, one can never see those objects that are kept hidden, can he?4. Why does the writer say that the Arts Council is fortunate?5. What is the main idea of this article?【答案】1.Two.2.Paintings and drawings are exhibited in turn.3.Yes, if interested, one can enter the reserve gallery to see those objects that are kept hidden.4.Because it does not have a permanent site for its works.5.Museums are too rich to show all collections, but Art Gallery is glad to show all finer works.【解析】1.【选项释义】1. How many museums are mentioned in this article?1. 这篇文章提到了多少家博物馆？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据原文第一段首句“位于伦敦的大英博物馆可能是一个典型的机构过于富裕的例子”和第三段首句“菲茨威廉博物馆是世界上收藏钱币最好的博物馆之一”可知，原文提到的博物馆只有大英博物馆和菲茨威廉博物馆，所以答案是two。2.【选项释义】2. “Paintings and drawings are rotated.” What does the sentence mean? 2.“Paintings and drawings are rotated.”这句话的意思是什么？【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段第二句“油画和素描被旋转，部分是为了让公众有机会看到全部，部分是为了避免过度暴露在光线下”可知，油画和素描被旋转，一是为了让公众有机会看到所有的展品，二是为了避免展品过度暴露在光线下，那么可以推断Paintings and drawings are rotated的意思是“油画和素描轮流被展出”。3.【选项释义】3. In the Fitzwilliam museum, one can never see those objects that are kept hidden, can he? 3. 在菲茨威廉博物馆里，人们永远也看不到那些被藏起来的东西，不是吗？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】第三段最后一句提到“博物馆馆长David Piper说，布丹的一些印象派画作没有展出，大部分大型陶器藏品都被存放在一个储备画廊，如果公众特别感兴趣，可以进入该画廊”，从中可知，对于被藏起来的物品，人们可以进入画廊观看。4.【选项释义】4. Why does the writer say that the Arts Council is fortunate?4. 为什么作者说艺术委员会是幸运的？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】最后一段第一句指出“艺术委员会拥有现存最好的现代英国绘画和雕塑藏品，幸运的是，它没有一个永久的地点存放其作品”，可知作者说艺术委员会是幸运的是因为艺术委员会没有一个永久的地点存放其作品。5.【选项释义】5. What is the main idea of this article? 5. 这篇文章的主旨是什么？【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】通读全文，文章前三段讲的是两大博物馆由于藏品太多而无法把所有藏品展览出来，倒数第二段第一句提到“布拉德福德的城市艺术画廊则是另一番景象”，可知后面两段描述了另外一种场景，城市艺术画廊和艺术委员会可以展示所有的艺术作品，综合理解可知，这篇文章的主旨是博物馆藏品过于丰富而不能展出全部藏品，而艺术画廊很乐意展出他们所有的艺术作品。2. 单选题_ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.问题1选项A.AsB.WhatC.ThatD.It【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. As就像，作为 B. What什么C. That那个 D. It它【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，主句结构完整，所以前半句为非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整个主句，空格处要填入一个引导词，而as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，所以该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都不能引导非限制定定语从句。【句意】人们普遍认为，经济增长取决于生产的顺利发展。3. 单选题Lest anyone _ it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.问题1选项A.thoughtB.had thoughtC.should thinkD.thinking【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. thought认为 B. had thought认为C. should think认为 D. thinking认为【考查点】虚拟语气。【解题思路】lest表示“以免”，在这表示一种假设的情况，所以要用虚拟语气should do，故空格处要填入should think，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合虚拟语气用法。【句意】以免有人大惊小怪，我在此证实事实属实。4. 单选题Its a modern city, full of _ tower blocks.问题1选项A.risingB.ascendingC.soaringD.heaving【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. rising上升的，新兴的 B. ascending升（序）的C. soaring猛增的，高耸的 D. heaving（用力）举起；拖v.【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意“这是一座现代化的城市，到处都是_高楼大厦”可知，空格处修饰的是tower blocks（高楼大厦），soaring可表示“树木、建筑等高耸”，所以该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项指太阳、月亮的上升；B、D项不符合句意。.【句意】这是一座现代化的城市，到处都是高耸的高楼大厦。5. 翻译题There is nothing worse than someone who is always late. Lateness can be a charming eccentricityfor a little while. The trouble is that Mr. or Mrs. Unpunctual soon starts causing inconvenience to other people. Thats when the cheerful acceptance gives way to scorn and resentment.Its surprising how far the unpunctual person will go to inconvenience others. (1) For example, after accepting the offer of a lift to work the following morning, he or she will fail to turn up at the pick-up spot at the agreed time. Theres sure to be a convincing reason: lost door keys, a child with whooping cough, a cat stuck up an apple tree.The giver of the lift makes sure hes not late. Hes made the offer and now he feels responsible for it; come what maybe must keep his word. On the other hand, the person whos receiving the favor feels free to turn up 10, 15 or 30 minutes after the time which had been agreed on. For him or her they are minutes of hurried activity earning the right to chauffeur-driven luxury; for the driverthe victimthey are minutes of sheer frustration, boredom and wasted time.Whats the result of this easy-going attitude? (2) Well, maybe the person who offered the lift gives up the seemingly endless wait and disappears, in which case the latecomer struggles to complete his days schedule later than ever. Wherever he goes he blames the lift for “letting him down”.Theres another equally likely result. (3) In this version of the story, the giver of the lift waits in loyal frustration at the side of the road for as long as his thoughtless passenger takes to reach the spot. Not only are both of them late for work, but the passenger tells his colleagues about the drivers impatience in traffic queues!So whats the answer? Perhaps there should be a subtle change in how we view time. At the moment we think of it as a very elastic commodity; we make vague arrangements to meet at about a certain time, and no one has a clear idea as to just how far that time will stretch. Will “about ten oclock” stretch to a quarter past tenor will it stretch to half past ten? There are no fixed rules.【答案】1. 例如，在接受了第二天早上搭便车去上班的提议后，他或她将不在约定的时间内出现在上车地点。2. 好吧，也许那个提供便车的人放弃了看似无止境的等待，然后开车走了，在这种情况下，迟到的人会比以往更晚地完成他的日程安排。3. 在这个版本的故事中，只要这位粗心的乘客到达目的地，提供便车的人就会在路边失望地等待。6. 填空题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After you have read the passage, answer each question in English. Write down your answer on ANSWER SHEET.A language is a system of sounds, gestures, or characters used by humans to communicate their ideas and feelings. There are about 4,000 spoken languages in the world. Some are spoken by millions of people. Other languages have only a few speakers.All languages have rules for forming words and for ordering those words in sentences. In written languages, meaning is expressed through a system of characters and rules for combining those characters. In spoken languages, meaning is expressed through a system of sounds and rules for combining those sounds. Many deaf people use sign languages, in which gestures do the work of the sound system of spoken languages.Word order is more important in English than it is in some other languages, such as Russian. The sound system is very important in Chinese and in many languages spoken in West Africa.Languages are always changing, but they change very slowly. People invent new words for their language, borrow words from other languages, and change the meanings of words as needed. For example, the English word byte was invented by computer specialists in 1959. The English word tomato was borrowed from Nahuat, an American Indian language spoken in Mexico. The English word meat once referred to food in general.There are several major language families in the world. The languages in each family are related, and scientists think they came from the same parent family. Language families come in different sizes. The Austronesian family contains at least 500 languages, including Pilipino, Malay, and Maori. The Basque language, spoken in northern Spain, is the only member of its language family.The Indo-European language family contains 55 languages, including English, German, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi. Another language family is Sino-Tibetan, which includes Chinese, Burmese, and Tibetan. The Afro-Asiatic family includes Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic. There are about 150 American Indian languages spoken today. These languages have many differences and have been divided into more than 50 language families.People learn languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language. Most children learn their first languages easily, and sometimes other languages as well. Adults often must work harder at learning a second language.1. How many languages are spoken all over the world?2. What are the language rules for?3. How is meaning expressed in sign language?4. What is more important in English compared with other languages?5. Which language is the only member of its language family?【答案】1.About 4,000 spoken languages.2.Forming words and ordering those words in sentences.3.By gestures.4.Word order.5.The Basque language.【解析】1.【选项释义】1. How many languages are spoken all over the world? 1. 世界上有多少种语言？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】第一段第二句提到“世界上大约有4000种语言”可知，答案为“大约4000种”。2.【选项释义】2. What are the language rules for? 2. 语言规则是什么？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“所有的语言都有构词和排列句子的规则”可知，语言规则是“构词和排列句子”。3.【选项释义】3. How is meaning expressed in sign language? 3. 如何用手语表达意思？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“许多聋人使用手语，在手语中，手势起到了口语声音系统的作用”可知，聋人通过手势表达自己的意思。4.【选项释义】4. What is more important in English compared with other languages? 4. 与其他语言相比，英语中什么更重要？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“词序在英语中比在其他一些语言中更重要，比如俄语”可知，英语中词序更重要。5.【选项释义】5. Which language is the only member of its language family? 5. 哪一种语言是其语系的唯一成员？【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第五段最后一句“西班牙北部使用的巴斯克语是该语系的唯一成员”可知，巴斯克语是其语系的唯一成员。7. 不定项选择题No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. Its a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is the chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt, which will increase to S17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making like any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We wont retreat in the face of any threats.”Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholder meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of societys ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The 15 member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce, “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”1. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for _.2. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?3. Levin, according to the text, is probably _.4. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman _.5. The best title for this text could be _.问题1选项A.its self-examination of soulB.its emphasis on creative freedomC.its neglect of social responsibilityD.its raising of the corporate stock price问题2选项A.Steve Ross is no longer alive.B.Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.C.Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.D.Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.问题3选项A.a defendant of rap musicB.a pioneer of street cultureC.an advocate of music reformD.an opponent of music innovation问题4选项A.changed his attitude and yielded to objectionB.softened his tone and adopted some new policyC.received more support from the 15-member boardD.stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression问题5选项A.A Debate on Moral DeclineB.A Form of Creative FreedomC.A Lawful Outlet of Street CultureD.A Company under Fire【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【选项释义】1. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for _. 1. 参议员罗伯特多尔指责时代华纳公司_。A. its self-examination of soul A. 对灵魂的反省B. its emphasis on creative freedom B. 对创作自由的强调C. its neglect of social responsibility C. 对社会责任的忽视D. its raising of the corporate stock price D. 对抬高公司股价的行为【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段的内容“没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏。参议员罗伯特多尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高级人员时说：难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗？你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子不成？”可知，多尔指责的是该公司带来的社会影响；然后根据第三段最后一句中公司董事长莱文的话“任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达，而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由”，也就是说强调创作自由，而后第四段莱文改变态度，倒数第二句提到“但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题”，可见，多尔参议员所指责的正是公司的音乐作品所带来的不良社会影响，即忽视了社会责任，故该题选择C项“对社会责任的忽视”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“对灵魂的反省”，第一段倒数第二句指出“对时代沃纳公司来说，多尔所质疑的问题只不过是公司自1990年创立以来一直所进行的自我反省（soul-searching）的最新表述”可知，多尔质疑的这些问题是该公司对自身的反省，但并不是多尔真正指责的地方，该项曲解原文；B项“对创作自由的强调”根据解题思路来看，多尔并没有关心该公司的创作自由，而是该公司董事长莱文关注的重点，该项张冠李戴；D项“对抬高公司股价的行为”根据解题思路来看，多尔关心的并不是该公司的经济状况，该项出处错位。2.【选项释义】2. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? 2. 根据文章，下列哪个选项是正确的？A. Steve Ross is no longer alive. A. 斯蒂夫罗斯已经去世了。B. Gerald Levin is liable to compromise. B. 杰拉尔德莱文很容易妥协。C. Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner. C. 卢斯是时代华纳的发言人。D. Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate. D. 面对这场争论，时代华纳团结一致。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫罗斯（the late Steve Ross）的56岁的现任董事长杰拉德莱文是争论的焦点人物”可知，前董事长斯蒂夫罗斯已经去世了，其中late表示“迟到的，已故的”，一般来讲，该词加在人名或称呼前时译作“已故的”，所以该题选择A项“斯蒂夫罗斯已经去世了”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“杰拉尔德莱文很容易妥协”根据第三段最后一句莱文所说的话“任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达，而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由，尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。我们不会在任何威胁面前退却。”可以看出，莱文并非是个易于妥协的人，该项属于反向干扰；C项“卢斯是时代华纳的发言人”，根据最后一段第二三句“但内部人士（insiders）表示，他们中的一些人已经表达了对此事的担忧。鲁斯说，我们中的一些人多年来早就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制，我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点。”可知，他的话说明了公司领导内部对处理创作自由和社会影响这一对矛盾上的不同看法、也暗含着对公司一贯政策（过于强调创作自由）的批评；可见，他并非公司指派的发言人，而仅代表自己，该项曲解原文；D项“面对这场争论，时代华纳团结一致”根据C项的解题思路可知，时代华纳公司内部并非团结一致的，该项曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Levin, according to the text, is probably _. 3. 根据文章，莱文可能是_。A. a defendant of rap music A. 说唱音乐的被告人B. a pioneer of street culture B. 街头文化的先驱C. an advocate of music reform C. 音乐改革的倡导者D. an opponent of music innovation D. 音乐创新的反对者【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段第二句“莱文一向以它（说唱音乐）是一种富于表现力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐”和第三句“1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲警察杀手后备受谴责时，莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式，它应该有自己的宣泄途径”可知，莱文对于说唱音乐是非常拥护的，并且他认为这是街头文化的一种合法表达方式，综合理解可以推断，莱文可能是街头文化的先驱者，所以B项“街头文化的先驱”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“说唱音乐的被告人”根据解题思路可知，莱文是支持说唱音乐的，不可能成为其被告人，该项属于反向干扰；C项“音乐改革的倡导者”，原文没有提及音乐改革，该项无中生有；D项“音乐创新的反对者”根据第四段最后一句“莱文还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准”可知，莱文并不反对，反而很支持，该项属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman _. 4. 面对最近对公司的攻击，董事长_。A. changed his attitude and yielded to objection A. 改变了态度，不再反对B. softened his tone and adopted some new policy B. 语气变软，并采取了一些新政策C. received more support from the 15-member board C. 从15名董事会成员那里得到了更多支持D. stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression D. 坚持捍卫言论自由的强硬立场【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】第四段第一句指出“莱文不愿对上周的辩论做出评论，但有迹象表明这位董事长的强硬立场起码在一定程度上有所缓和”可知，莱文强硬的语气有所缓和，然后他举了他儿子的例子强调音乐并不会引起社会丑恶现象，接着最后两句指出“但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题。他还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准。”可见，莱文在做出妥协姿态的同时，也采取了实际的行动，所以B项“语气变软，并采取了一些新政策”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“改变了态度，不再反对”根据解题思路可知，莱文只是在一定程度上进行了让步，并不是完全不反对，该项曲解原文；C项“从15名董事会成员那里得到了更多支持”，根据最后一段第二三句“但内部人士表示，他们中的一些人已经表达了对此事的担忧。鲁斯说，我们中的一些人多年来早就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制，我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点。”可知，公司领导内部对处理创作自由和社会影响这一对矛盾上有不同看法，换言之董事会意见出现了分歧，该项属于曲解原文；D项“坚持捍卫言论自由的强硬立场”根据解题思路可知，莱文在一定程度上进行了让步，所以该项属于曲解原文。5.【选项释义】5. The best title for this text could be _. 5. 这篇文章最好的标题是_。A. A Debate on Moral Decline A. 关于道德沦丧的争论B. A Form of Creative Freedom B. 一种创造自由的形式C. A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture C. 街头文化的合法输出D. A Company under Fire D. 遭到责难的公司【答案】D【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】通读全文，根据第一段的内容可知，该文讲述的内容主要是时代华纳公司因为忽视社会责任而被受到指责，然后第二至四段讲述该公司董事长对这一指责的立场，以及为之采取的实际行动，最后一段则暗示公司内部对处理创作自由和社会影响这一对矛盾上由不同的分歧；综合理解可知，本文主要是评述了时代华纳公司因发行新音乐专辑而受到的责难及其反应，所以D项“遭到责难的公司”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“关于道德沦丧的争论”，时代华纳公司所被指责的主要是它对社会责任的忽视，而并非它所发行的作品所带来的实际道德上的影响，该项过度推断；B项“一种创造自由的形式”和C项“街头文化的合法输出”只有部分提及，并不能概括全文，属于以偏概全。8. 单选题When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were _ by its complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.evokedB.bewilderedC.divertedD.undermined【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. evoked引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象） B. bewildered使迷惑，使糊涂C. diverted使转向，转移（某人）的注意力 D. undermined逐渐削弱（信心、权威等），使逐步减少效力【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意“农民们第一次进城时，他们被城市复杂的交通系统_”可知，他们是对城市复杂的交通系统感到困惑，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】农民们第一次进城时，对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。9. 不定项选择题The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another,