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一.不可数名词,当单数使用.(前面不能用a / an , one , two ,three等修饰, 后面不能加s), 肉类: meat, , beef, pork, chicken, fish饮料: juice, milk, Coke, water, tea, coffee, 食物: fruit , bread, candy,植物: bamboo, grass其他: information, homework, housework, 二. 前面用an的名词a字母开头 apple, animal, Asian, African, aunt, art, e字母开头 egg, elephant, emaili字母开头 ice cream, international school, invitation, Indian boy, idea, o 字母开头 office, onion, orangeu 字母开头 uncle, umbrella但是 a Eruopean wolf , a university三. 名词复数1. grandchild- grandchildren, mouse- mice, man-men, woman- women2. classes, buses, boxes, matches, potatoes, tomatoes3. 辅音+y, 去y加ies: city, factory, university, secretary, family, dictionary, library, party 元音+y, 直接加s: boys, plays, keys, monkeys 1. 以f, fe 结尾, 去f, fe加ves: leaf- leaves, wolf- wolves, knife- knives四. 形容词性物主代词my your his her its our your their我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他/她/它们的五. 国家名 / 人1.China / Chinese 2. Japan / Japanese 3. England / English 4. America / American 5. India / Indian 6. Australia / Australian 六. 洲名 / 的1. Asia / Asian 2. Africa / African 3. America / American4. South America / South American 5. North America / North American6. Europe / European 7. Oceania / Oceanian一、名词（n.） 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词（一）名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词（表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy,desk,cat,window）和集体名词（由若干个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,police）。不可数名词包括物质名词（表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water,paper,silk,money）和抽象名词（表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework）专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States）（二）名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：（1）一般情况下,在词尾加s. eg.bookbooks,dogdogs,penpens,boyboys以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为s，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为z。（2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.eg.beachbeaches,brushbrushes,busbuses,boxboxes（es读音为iz（3）以“辅音字母y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es. eg.citycities, familyfamilies, documentarydocumentaries, countrycountries, strawberrystrawberries（ies读音为iz）（注：以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days）（4）以元音字母o结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下： 加eg.tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes 结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoozoos,radioradios 某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. pianopianos 一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s, eg.photo（photograph）photos,kilo（kilogram）kilos zero变复数时，既可加s,也可加 eg.zeroszeroes（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es. eg.wifewives,leaf-leaves,halfhalves, knifeknives,thiefthieves（res读音为vz（注意：chef chefs, roof roofs, safe（保险箱） safes,proof（证据） proofs, chief chiefs, handkerchief handkerchiefs）（6）有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。eg.manmen,womanwomen,policemanpolicemen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmen, footfeet, toothteeth, childchildren,mousemice,OxOxen（公牛）（7）还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。 eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish works（8）另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。 eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes 另外,当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。 eg.an apple tree,five apple trees, a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。eg.two men teachers,three women doctors可用“量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的“量”的表示方式如下。（1）表不定数量时,一般用much,（a）little,a lot oflots of,some,any等词修饰。eg,much money,a little bread（2）表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：twothree+量词复数十of+不可数名词。eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。eg： fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物foods各种食品；fish鱼fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒； cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布； sand沙sands沙滩； tea茶a tea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁an orange橘子； glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜； paper纸a paper试卷、论文；wood木头a wood小森林；room空间、余地a room房间一、 写出下列名词的复数形式：1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _ 3. Sunday _ 4. city _ 5. dress _ 6. Englishman _ 7. match _ 8. Chinese _9. zoo _ 10. exam_ 11. German 1. More college graduates would like to work in _ west part of our country _ next year . A. the ; the B. / ; / C. / ; the D. the ; / 2. This is my dress . That one is _ . A. Mary B. Marys C. sister D. mother 3. By the way , have you got _ E-mail address ? Oh yes , its rggrenhotmail.com. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填 4. In which class is _ boy in white ? Hes in Class 4 . A. the B. a C. an D. （不填）5. It takes us _ hour or more to go to my hometown by _ train . A. an ;a B. a ; an C. an ; 不填 D. a ; 不填 6. You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_” on the door of his shop . Thanks . A. ENTRANCE B. BUSINESS HOURS C. THIS SIDE UP D. NO SMOKING 7. Whats your _ for being late again ? A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news 8. Several _ are talking under the tree . And their _ are swimming in the lake . A. woman , children B. woman , child C. women , childrenD. women , child 9. “What _ do you like best ?”“Football .” A. food B. subject C. sport D. music 10. Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city , but she had no _ . A. trouble B. idea C. luck D. time 11. What would you like , madam ? Id like _ , please . A. two bottles of orange B. two bottles of oranges C. two bottle of oranges D. two bottle of orange 12. About _ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival .A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds 13. The little baby has two _ already . A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 14. Would you like to go to the _ to buy some food ? A. market B. hospital C. factory D. cinema 15. Where are the students ? Are they in _ ? A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room 16. I feel tired . I have so much work to do and dont have much time for myself . You should take _ , I think . A. health B. exercise C. lesson D. time 17. Its not so difficult , Mr Green , I want _ . Come on , please . A. try B. a go C. starting D. to happen1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. B 17. B
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