资源描述
常考点清单一 形容词和副词的基本用法 一、复合形容词的构成 1副词词干+现在分词，如：hard-working勤劳的 2名词词干+过去分词，如：man-made人造的 3名词词干+现在分词，如：time-consuming耗时的 4名词词干+形容词，如：world-famous世界闻名的 5数词词干+名词，如：five-star五星级的 6数词词干+名词-ed，如：three-legged三条腿的 7数词词干+名词+形容词，如：five-year-old 5岁的 8形容词词干+过去分词，如：ready-made现成的 9形容词词干+名词-ed，如：kind-hearted好心的 10.形容词词干+现在分词，如：ordinary-looking相貌一般的 11.形容词词干+形容词，如：red-hot炽热的 题组训练英译汉： bravely-fighting_ well-known_ deep-set_ fast-changing_ snow-covered_ energy-saving_ grass-eating_ snow-white_ ten-year-old_ four-storied/storeyed_ 二、形容词的位置 一般情况下，形容词作定语放在被修饰词之前。但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词后面。 1形容词作定语修饰由some-，any-，every-，no-和-body，-thing，-one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。如： There is nobody absent today今天没有人缺席。 Is there anything wrong with your car?你的汽车出什么毛病了吗？ 2以-able或-ble结尾的形容词可置于由形容词最高级或only等词修饰的名词后面。如： That is the only solution possible.那是唯一可行的解决方法。 3成对的形容词可以后置。如： There was a huge room, simple and beautiful.有一个大房间，简朴而美丽。 1 She has many pencils, blue and red. 老师问了我一个难得无法回答的问题。 A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.一个如此难以取悦的人一定很难共事。 4当old，long，high，widedeep等词附有数量词短语作定语时，需后置。如： At that time she was only a girl five years old.那时，她只是一个五岁的小女孩。Yesterday, I saw a snake about a meter long.昨天，我看到一条大约一米长的蛇。 题组训练 根据提示，完成下列句子： -Is there anything new in todays newspaper？ -No. _（没有新内容） I have _（一些重要事情）to tell you. He did _（可以做的一切事情）to make her happy. We have no_ （可用的房间）for you People in the village，_（老的和少的），men and women are fond of singing and dancing. 三、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 当两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：a small wonderful gift。 常用的顺序为：限定词( these，those)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词( beautiful)+犬小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large，long，high）+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍( Chinese)+材料( wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)。 为了方便记忆，不妨试试如下口诀： 限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老； 颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。 记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读，多体会，增强语感。如： all these last few days最近的这些日子 a light blue silk skirt 一条浅蓝色丝裙 the first/last two paragraphs最前最后两段 another three English books另外三本英语书 some beautiful little red flowers -些美丽的小红花 an old brown woolen carpet -件破旧的棕色羊毛毯 an expensive purple cotton dress -条昂贵的紫色棉裙 the first beautiful little white Chinese wood bridge 第一座美丽的中国小白木桥 题组训练 将括号中所给形容词排序完成下列句子： 16 The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.( white, wooden ,little) 17 -How was your recent visit to Qingdao? -It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the_days at the seaside.( few, sunny ,last) 18 This_girl is Lauras cousin.( Spanish, little, pretty) 英语中有些形容词既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义不同，常见的有：present（现在的在场的），responsible（可依赖的应负责的），concerned（忧心忡忡的有关的），proper（适当的正经的，正式的），involved（复杂难懂的相关的），absent（心不在焉的缺席的）。如： the responsible man可依赖的人the man responsible应负责的人 the present members现在的成员the members present在场的成员 the absent students心不在焉的学生the students absent缺席的学生 the concerned teachers忧心忡忡的老师们the teachers concerned（与事情）有关的老师们 四、表语形容词 表语形容词(如：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，afloat，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure)并非只能作表语，它们还可以作补足语，有的还可作后置定语（一般不作前置定语）。如：To my surprise, the driver is still alive after the traffic accident.令我惊讶的是，交通事故发生后，司机还活着。 She was the only person awake at that night. 她是那天晚上唯一一个醒着的人。 题组训练 根据提示，完成下列句子： 19This city is a place_（值得参观的） 20He is the greatest_（健在的诗人） 21I found him_ （非常清醒的） 22That _（熟睡的男孩）is smiling now. 五、形容词作状语 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。如： He returned home ,safe and sound.他回到了家，安然无恙。 The goat rolled over, dead. 山羊翻了个身，死了。 He is standing there ,full of fear. 他站在那里，充满了恐惧。 六、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如： Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. 幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her. 使她高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 Obviously, your answer is absolutely wrong. 很显然，你的答案绝对错了。 Naturally ,you want to discuss this problem with your parents.自然，你想和你的父母商量一下此事。 七、副词enough的用法 1enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。如： Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 足够勇敢参加这次探险课的学生肯定会学到很多有用的技能。 Strangely enough, some famous scientists have the qualities ofbeing both careful and careless. 很奇怪，一些著名的科学家具有粗心和细心双重特点。 2cannot与enough连用，表示“再也不为过”。如：You cannot be careful enough. 你再细心也不为过。 注意：enough的此种用法还可用“cannot（never等否定词）too”表达。如： -Mary, look, what did I find? -Oh, my lost key? I cant thank you too much.(=I cant thank you much enough) 玛丽，你看，我找到什么了？ 噢，我丢失的钥匙？太感谢你了。 -I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. -You can never be too careful in the street., -我正沿着大街骑车，突然一辆汽车横插过来，把我撞倒了。 -在大街上，你再小心也不为过。 题组训练 单项填空： 23 Trees are good for man. We cant plant them一_many. A. so B. such C. too D. enough 24 In a relay race，a player cant run fast_一 A. so B. such C. too D. enough 八、熟记下列几句有关形容词、副词的固定搭配 Hes dead/blind drunk(=very drunk)他喝得酩酊大醉。 Hes wide awake他完全没有睡意。 Its raining/snowing heavily雨雪下得很大。 Hes sound/fast asleep他睡得很沉。 Hes moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily. 他吃力地移动喘着粗气酒喝得多烟抽得多。 The traffic/His moustache is heavy.交通拥挤他的胡子浓密。 The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的多。 The price of the book is high/low.(=The book is expensive/cheap.)这本书的价格高低。（这本书贵便宜。） They are very much alike.他们非常相像。 They are much afraid to go out alone at night.他们很害怕晚上单独出去。 九、有些连词也可以作副词，但作副词时，常放在句末。如：though，( ever) since，in case等。如： She promised to phone, I heard nothing ,though. = Though she promised to phone, I heard nothing. 她答应要打电话来，可我没听到回信儿。 He is old. He works hard , though. = Though he is old, he works hard.他虽然年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。He came to this school in 1988. He has been working here ever since.=He has been working in this school since he came here in 1988.1988年他来到了这个学校。自那时起，他一直在这里工作。I dont think it will rain, but l will take my umbrella, just in case. =I will take my umbrella just in case it should rain. 我想不会下雨，但我要把我的伞带上，以防万一。 题组训练 句型转换：25 It was a hard job. He took it, though.=_ it was a hard job, he took it.=It was a hard job, _, he took it.=Hard _ the job was, he took it.26 He left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from him ever since.=We havent heard from him_ he left home two weeks ago. 常考点清单二 形容词和副词的比较等级一、平级比较- 1用as as，not as/so as_引导。如： Henry is a worker as good as Peter( is)= Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is). Henry和Peter -样都是好工人。 Henry does not have so/as many books as I have. Henry的书不如我的多。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。 题组训练 英泽汉：1）He recited as much of the poem as he could remember._2）Shes as good an actress as she is a singer._3）He doesnt play half as well as his sister._ 2as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。如： The building is as tall as 100 meters. =the building is 100 meters tall. 这幢楼有100米高。 题组训练 根据汉语提示完成下列句子（每空一词）： 这口井有130多米深。 4）The well is_ more than 130 meters. 5）The well is_130 meters_. 3貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语 英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构，实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语，它们是：as long as只要，有之久；as far as到地点，就而言；as soon as一就；as well as既又；as good as(=very nearly)与几乎一样，几乎，简直。如：I will work as( so) long as I live. 只要活着，我就要工作。As far as I knowhe is a reliable person. 据我所知，他是一个可靠的人。The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400. 在那个国家里一天的平均住院费用可高达400美元。He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有知识又有经验。（注意此句翻泽的顺序）He as good as called me a coward. 他无异于说我是个懦夫。She is as good as her word她这个人很讲信用。He saw her off as far as the bridge near the village. 他把她送到了村边的小桥那里。 题组训练 单项填空：6）-How far apart do they live? -I know, they live in the same neighborhood. AAs long as BAs far as C. As well as D. As often as7）The man was lying on the ground,_ dead. A. as possible as B. as well as C. as soon as【).as good as 二、比较级1比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any（用于否定句或疑问句），a lot，a little，a great deal, by far，a bit，three times等。如： The students study even harder than before. 学生们学习比以前更努力了。2“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。如：The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，挣的钱越多。The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you. 你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。The longer you stay,the better(it will be). 你待的时间越长越好。3“比较级+ and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如： The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. 这个新城市变得越来越美丽了。4“the+比较级+of the two+名词”表示“两个中较的”。如： The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。5用介词by表示相差的程度。如： She is taller than I by three inches. = She is three inches taller than I. 她比我高3英寸。 I missed the last train by one minute. 最后一趟火车，我差一分钟没赶上。6-个人的两种性质的比较，用more. than.结构，意为：“与其不如”。如： -Ann acts quite unfriendly. -I think shes more shy than unfriendly.(more shy不可变为shyer) -安表现得很不友好。 -我认为与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。 题组训练 翻译下列句子：如果你努力学习，你的英语会变得越来越好。我喜欢这两本字典中较大的那本。这张桌子比那张长一英尺。（两种表达方法）她越想越沮丧( depressed)。与其说他是我的老师，还不如说他是我的朋友。格林先生病了好几天了，我想知道他是否好点了。 7比较的对象不能相互包含，常见的句型是： any other+单数名词 all( the) other+复数名词 比较级+than+ anyone else any of the other+复数名词 the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词 如： The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States 密西西比河比美国其他任何一条河都长。 any other country in Asia. China is larger than中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。 any country in Africa. 中国比非洲任何国家都大。 题组训练 句型转换： She is the cleverest student in my class. She is cleverer than一 _in my class. She is cleverer than一 一in my class. She is cleverer than 一_students in my class. 8比较的对象应该相同。如： The climate here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 这里的气候比上海的暖和。 The radios made in our factory are better than those( made)in your factory. 我们厂生产的收音机比你们厂的好。 题组训练改错： The population of China is larger than Japan. China has a larger population than that of Japan. 9注意比较结构中的省略现象 在日常交际中，彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。如： -What do you think of the film? -I have never seen a better one(后边省略了than this film) Toms composition, if not better(后边省略了than Jacks) ,is at least as good as Jacks. 这种省略现象给考生正确判断造成一定的障碍，出现频率较高，应引起足够的重视。 题组训练单项填空： The pianos in the other shop will be_, but _ A. cheaper：not as better B. more cheap; not as better Ccheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good John plays football_ ,if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as10.貌似比较级的一些习惯用语 In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. 只有在英国，人们才可能在一天中经历四个季节。(noother than只有，正是。它常用来加强语气，多用于书面语)， More than one student was given away a ticket to the concert. 不止给一个学生发了丢听音乐会的票。 His whole school education added up to no more than(= only) one year. 他所受过的全部学校教育加起来仅仅一年。 He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. 他宁愿待在家里，也不愿意去看电影。 Hibernation is more than sleep冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。 He is far more pleased at the news.听到那个消息，他极其高兴。 The work is more or less(=almost) finished. 这项工作几乎完成了。 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.(=A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.) 鲸和马都不是鱼。（鲸之非鱼类，正如马之非鱼类。） 题组训练 单项填空： 21）I dont like the idea so I am_ enthusiastic about theidea. A. no more than B. not more than Cless than D more than22 -Does Bill do his new job well? -_his old job. Im afraid theres no hope for him. A. Not better as B. No better than C. Not as well as D. No as well as 三、最高级1最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like。如： The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最長的桥。2否定+比较级=最高级。如： There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最担心的一天。 题组训练 汉译英：23）黄河是中国的第二长河。24）我以前从未看过（比这部）更好的电影了。 易混点清单 常考易混点一、表示倍数的几个句型 1 .times+ as+形容词副词原级+as 2 .times+形容词副词比较级+than 3 .times+ the+性质名词+of 4The+名词+be+ .times+ what从句 5. The+名词be+ .times+ that/those of. 如：At a rough estimate, Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain. = At a rough estimate, Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain. = At a rough estimate, Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain. 粗略估算，尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的3倍。 The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008. = The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 今年的产量是2008年的三倍。 After the new technique was introduced, the factory producedtwice as many cars jn 2008 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。 题组训练 句型转换： The road is 4 times as long as that one. The road is 4 times_ of that one. The road is 3 times _than that one. The length of this road is 4 times _of that one. 二、表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系 修饰可数名词：(a) few；fewer;( the) fewest; several;(a good) many; a( great/large/small) number of; hundreds of; dozens of; scores of; thousands of等。修饰不可数名词：a bit of;(a)little; less; a great deal of; a large amount of;( the) least; much等。修饰可数或不可数名词：all; a lot of; lots of; enough; plenty of; a large quantity of; large quantities of; more; most; some; any; masses of等。如： We received a good many offers of support. 我们得到了许多支持。 Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 许多外国公司已在此设厂。 Quantities of food were spread out on the table. 许多食品被摊在桌子上。 题组训练 单项填空： The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _pictures of them. A，many of Bmasses of C. the number of D. a large amount of _work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. AMany BA great many C.A large number of D.A great deal of 三、下列形容词作表语时，通常不用“人”作主语。它们是：possible ,impossible, probable. necessary, convenient , inconvenient。如： ()It is probable that it will rain today.（第一个it是形式主语，第二个it指天气） ()It is probable to rain today. () It is likely to rain today. (it指天气) ()It is not convenient to work at weekends. () Please come here if you are convenient. () You can go there if it is necessary. () You can go there if you are necessary. 四、几组易混形容词、副词的比较 1too much, much too too much=much许多；much too= too太 The teacher gave us too much homework today. 今天老师给我们留的作业太多了。 I am much too pleased to see you. 见到您，我太高兴了。 2. common, usual, normal, ordinary, regular common表示“普通的，随时会发生或随时可见的，共同的”，与rare“罕见的，珍稀的”相反；usual表示“customary”，即“惯常的，通常的，符合习惯的”；normal与norm（规范，标准）同源，意为“符合标准的，正常的，正规的”；ordinary与special（特殊的）相反，意为“普通的，一般的，不特殊的”；regular意为“有规律的，定期的，定时的”。如： Yesterday he got up earlier than usual, for it was not an ordinary day for him. 昨天他比平时起得早，因为昨天对他来说是个不寻常的日子。 Dont tell me about that! It is common sense. 不要对我讲那个！那都是常识。 What is the normal body temperature? 正常体温是多少？ Trains will run at regular intervals from lI a.m.t0 4 p.m. 从上午11点到下午4点，火车运行的时间很规律。 3. nearly, almost, hardly (1) almost可以与any，no，nobody，never，nothing搭配，但nearly却不能跟这些词搭配。在表达中也经常用hardly any，hardly anybody来代替almost no，almost nobody。如： Almost no one came to the party.= Hardly anybody came to the party. 几乎没人来参加这个聚会。 You can find the meaning of almost any word here. 在这里你可以找到几乎任何一个词的意义。 (2)否定词not可放在nearly之前，构成not nearly的结构，意为“一点儿也不，相差甚远”，但没有not almost的结构。如： She is not nearly as pretty as her sister. 她一点儿也没有她妹妹漂亮。 (3) almost和nearly都可用于表示极端之意的形容词前，但却不能用于修饰不具有极端之意的形容词。如： That is a(n)almost/nearly perfect plan. 那几乎是一个完美之计。 4. fairly, quite, rather, very, pretty (1)這几个词均为副词，可以修饰形容词或另外一个副词，但表达的程度不同，这些词语气的轻重如下： Fairlyquiterather/prettyvery (2) fairly语气最轻，尽管经常与褒义词连用，但由于语气较弱，往往不带明显的恭维或赞赏，通常译为“还算”、“相当”。比如要说某部电影fairly good，指的可能是还勉强过得去，只是没有否定。 (3)quite语气稍重，意为“颇”或“相当”。要是说某一部电影quite good，那是说这部电影相当不错，虽不是最好，但至少值得看。 ( 4) rather或pretty在语气上又稍重一点，意为“十分”或“相当”（pretty不如rather正式）。要是说某一部电影rather/pretty good，指的是这部电影相当不错，语气比较重，意指要高出一般水平或出乎意料的好。两者均可与褒义或贬义形容词连用。与义词连用，表示一种愉快的心情，与贬义（包括不褒不贬）词用，表示一种不赞成或不满意的心情。如： a rather/pretty good play 一部相当好的戏 rather/pretty poor work相当差的工作 (5) very语气最强，意为“很”或“非常”。要是说某一部電影very good，那是说这部电影很不错，算得上是精品之作。 (6)这几个词中，只有rather可以与比较级以及副词too(太连用。如： Its rather warmer today.今天暖和多了。 This one is rather too large这个太大了。 注：quite有时也与比较级连用，但通常只限于quite better（身体好）这一表达中。 (7) rather和quite有时可直接修饰动词，而其他几个副词一般不这样用。如： I quite agree with you.我完全同意你（的意见）。 We rather like the book我们很喜欢这本书。 (8) rather，quite与“冠词+形容词+名词”连用时，通常置于冠词之前，有时也可放在冠词之后。但遇到此类似情况，very或fairly则只能放在冠词之后（形容词之前）。如： Its quite( rather)a good idea./Its a quite( rather) good idea, 那可真是个好主意。 注：若此结构中没有形容词，则quite和rather只能放在冠詞之前。如： It was quite,( rather)a success那件事相当成功。 (9)修饰不可分级的形容词（如：right，wrong，ready，full，empty，perfect，impossible，alone，unique等），通常只用quite，此时quite并不表示“相当”或“很”，而表示“完全”。如： Youre quite right( wrong)你完全正确（错了）。 Thats quite impossible那完全不可能。 题组训练单项填空： none of us could solve the math problem; it is too difficult AHardly BNearly CAlmost DSeldom Allen had to call a taxi because the box was_ _to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much -You dont look very _.Are you ill? -No, Im just a bit tired. A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy 5. possible, probable, likely (1)意义上的区别： possible指客观上的可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味； probable比possible可能性大，表“很可能、大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上的合情合理； likely是从外表迹象进行判断，有可能发生某事。如： It is possible, though not probable, hat he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来，但也不一定准会来。 The probable cause of his failure was that he had been too tired 他失败大概是因为他太累了。 He is very likely to ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能给我来电话。 (2)句型上的不同： It is possible/probable/likely+ that从句 lt is possible( for sb.) to do sth. Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth. 题组训练 改错： It seems probably that he will come. It is possibly that he will come back. 6具有两种形式的副词 英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀-ly构成。这两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。 常见的这类副词有：firm稳固地，firmly坚固地；direct径直地，directly恰好、直接、坦率地；free自由地、免费地，freely自由自在地、随便地；flat平直地，flatly直截了当地；short突然(= suddenly)shortly不久；even甚至，evenly平均地；clean完全地、径直地，cleanly清洁地、干净利索地；clear隔开地、不接触地，clearly清晰地、明显地；close近地，closely紧密地、接近地；easy安逸地，easily容易地；dead极其地、完全地，deadly死一般地、非常；fair公平地、正直地，fairly相当地；hard努力地，hardly几乎没有、几乎不；most最，mostly大部分地、主要地；right直接地、径直地、立即，rightly公正地、合理地、正确地；high高高地，highly高度地,just正好，justly公正地；late迟、晚，lately最近；near近，nearly几乎；pretty相当地，prettily优美地；sharp突然地、急剧地，sharply严厉地。如： I clean forgot to ask her.我完全忘记去问她了。 Jack caught the ball cleanly杰克干净利落地接住了球。， He lives close to the village.他住得离那个村庄很近。 We must look closely at the problems. 我们必须仔细地审视这些问题。 After a days hard work, he was dead tired. 辛勤工作一天后，他筋疲力尽。 The book is deadly dull.这本书非常枯燥。
展开阅读全文