人教版2020年初中英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类A卷.doc

人教版2020年初中英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类A卷一、 阅读理解 (共10题；共82分)1. （8分） Dictionaries say that “spring fever” is a lazy or restless feeling . People usually have the feeling on the first warm day of spring. Everyone has probably felt it at one time or another . people have talked about it for years.Recently, scientists have taken a good look at spring fever. What they found is quite surprising.In many places we live in , the winter months often seem dark and dreary. When spring comes late March , the world becomes colorful . The number of daylight hours grows with each passing day. According to many scientists, all the sunlight sets off chemicals in the brain (大脑). The chemicals make our feeling change and bring on spring fever.（1）How do people who have spring fever feel ?A . activeB . awakeC . energeticD . restless （2）Scientists think that _ cause(s) spring fever .A . colorsB . sunlightC . darkD . illness（3）According to the passage ,the underlined word “dreary ”means“_” in Chinese.A . 沉闷的B . 暖和的C . 晴朗的D . 明亮的（4）The best title for the passage is _ .A . How to Get Over Spring FeverB . Spring FeverC . Darkness in winterD . Spring and winter2. （8分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Have you ever had thought about building a robot? Or putting together a spaceship? Or even seeing your face made out of chocolate? Done. All you need is a 3-D printer.The possibilities of 3-D printing seem endless. All the user has to do is to design an object on the computer and choose a material to print in. The printers print in hundreds of different materials including glass, sugar and even skin! When the user presses print, the 3-D printer spreads the materials layer by layer and like magic the object is produced.The first 3-D printer was invented in 1986 by American, Charles Hull. But 3-D printing has only become cheap enough recently for most people to use. Designers now use 3-D printing to create unusual things. The Dutch artist Dirk Vander Kooj prints furniture made from old fridges.And doctors have used 3-D printing to print human body parts! The Telegraph reported in February that scientists from Cornell Medical College even printed a man-made ear.But like a lot of new technologies, if 3-D printing gets into the wrong hands, it can be dangerous.In 2011 a group of four men in the US used 3-D printing to produce ATM skimmers. These were placed on an ATM and stole over $400,000 from users of the ATM. It is terrible to think that criminals like them might one day use a 3-D printer to print a gun.But for better or for worse, 3-D printing has been put into use. In a few years, youll probably be wondering how you could ever live without your 3-D printer!（1）_ invented the first3-D printer. A . Charles HullB . Four men in the USC . Dirk Vander KoojD . A doctor called Cornell（2）What is the correct order for people to use a 3-D printer? a. choose a proper material.b. Press print.c. The 3-D printer spreads the material.d. Use a computer to design an object.A . a-b-c-dB . d-c-b-aC . a-c-d-bD . d-a-b-c（3）According to the passage, people have NOT yet produced _ with a 3-D printer. A . a gunB . some furnitureC . a man-made earD . ATM skimmers（4）What does the writer think of the 3-D printer? A . It is useless in our daily life.B . It is helpful but dangerous.C . It is important only for our work.D . It is too expensive for most people.3. （6分）阅读短文，从每小题的选项中选出最佳选项。 Eating food is enjoyable, but cooking can be challenging. For those who dont have basic cooking skills, or are too busy working or travelling, one thing can save theminstant noodles.This year (2018) marks the 60th anniversary of the invention of instant noodles. Ever since they were created by Japanese businessman Momofuku. Instant noodles have been popular around the world. In China, the product has almost become a necessity for those who travel by train. Japanese people even voted (投票) instant noodles as one of their best inventions of the 20th century.Food trends reflect changes in society. For instant noodles, as many as other instant foods, such as compressed biscuits, mashed potatoes and canned meat. Convenience is the key selling point. They are supposed to make our life easier.In recent years, however, online meal order services have become a rival to instant noodles. Uber Eats is a popular app of this kind in the USA. In China we have Ele, me and Meituan. These services offer not only convenience but also more choices and tastier food. According to the World Instant Noodle Association, instant noodles sales dropped by 17 percent in China as of 2016.（1）When was instant noodle invented?A . 1995B . 1960C . 1958D . 2018（2）If you go to Beijing from Shenzhen by train, which food would you most probably bring on the train? A . instant noodlesB . compressed biscuitsC . canned meatD . mashed potatoes（3）What does the underlined word rival mean in the last paragraph? A . winnerB . competitorC . inventorD . friend（4）What does the passage mainly talk about? A . The rise and fall of instant noodlesB . The reason for the popularity of instant noodles.C . Instant noodles are facing challenge.D . How to make instant noodles.4. （8分）阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。The Aborigines (澳洲土著) have lived in Australia for about 60,000 years. They painted pictures inside caves, and these are the rock paintings that have given us so much information about Aboriginal life. For example, some of the paintings that are about 10,000 years old show us with boomerangs (回旋镖). From this we know that the Aborigines started using boomerangs for hunting at that time. Other pictures show kangaroos, so we know that there were kangaroos at that time.The Aborigines believed that spirits made people, animals and plants, and that these spirits still live on the Earth. For Aborigines, no one can own the Earth-the Earth belongs to the spirits.In 1700, there were many Aboriginal groups with a population of 750,000 all over Australia, and there were probably more than 240 different Aboriginal languages. The groups did not have a leader. Instead, things were decided by the older men in a group. People from different groups often travelled hundreds of miles to meet each other.Aboriginal life changed when an English boat arrived in Australia in 1770. Many Aborigines were killed in the wars that they had with the English. More Europeans came, and they started taking land from the Aborigines. The Europeans also brought new illnesses that killed the Aborigines. The result is that today there are only about 300,000 Aborigines in Australia.（1）What did the Aborigines use boomerangs to do according to the passage? A . To paint.B . To hunt.C . To fight.D . To play.（2）What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A . If the Aborigines fight against me spirits, they can own the Earth.B . The Aborigines cant see the spirits and dont know where they are.C . The Aborigines thought spirits were the most important on the Earth.D . Its a truth that the spirits have created everything on the Earth.（3）In an Aboriginal group, _ decided things. A . the older menB . the leaderC . the EnglishD . the Europeans（4）The number of the Aborigines becomes smaller today _. A . because their living conditions were very badB . because the Americans killed a lot of them in the warsC . because they brought back new illnesses from other countriesD . because of the wars and the new illnesses5. （10分）阅读下面短文, 从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Harmful microbes like bacterias, viruses and other germs are pathogens. They may enter your bodies and make you ill. The immune system is the bodys defence system that protects you from illness and disease caused by the pathogens.The immune system is made up of nonspecialized defences such as skin, tears and the acidic juice produced by the stomach, keeping you from the pathogens. It also has some highly specialized defences, which are different kinds of immune cells, grouped into phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell. They are swimming around in your blood stream, always on the lookout for antigensthe pathogens that have entered your bodies. Whenever they see one, their will eat it. However, some antigens are hard to find and kill. Then lymphocytes, which are also white blood cells and the main types are B cells, T helper cells and T killer cells, Will be the killers of the sneaky antigens.B cells, T helper and T killer cells work together to find and kill these antigens. B cells produce substances, called antibodies, which stick to the antigen. When that happens, it will tell the T helper cells to come over and either: 1. help the B cells kill the antigen, or 2. call the phagocytes or T killer cells to move in for the kill. Once a B cell or a T cell attacks an antigen, they create cells to remember it. Those memory cells hang out in your blood if they see the same antigen again, they quickly recognize, it so your immune system can act faster at killing it.The immune system is more powerful than you probably imagine. Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania recently took immune cells from three patients with leukemia, then genetically changed them into serial Keller cells to attack cancer cells. The study was small but the results were groundbreaking. The modified immune cells increased at least 1, 000 times in the body and killed all the cancer cells. Therefore, more memory cells were created.The immune system can be developed. Eating lean protein food （beef, beans ）and food rich in vitamins A, C, and E（sweet potatoes, carrots ）, taking a 30minute walk every day and reducing your stress levels, etc. will help you achieve it.（1）What can the immune system do?A . Keep you from antibodies.B . Protect you against antigens.C . Make your bodies weak and sick.D . Help microbes enter your bodies（2）How are the sneaky antigens found and killed?A . Phagocytes, B, T helper and T killer cells work togetherB . Skin, tears, acidic juice and immune cells work togetherC . B cells create memory cells to swim around in the bloodD . B cells produce antibodies to tell T helper and T killer cells（3）What does the underlined word it in the last paragraph refer to?A . The immune system can be made more powerfulB . Less antigens can be killed by the immune systemC . White blood cells act less quickly in the immune systemD . The immune system can be changed into the serial killer（4）This article is mainly about .A . the types of white blood cellsB . a research report about human healthC . the cause of illness and diseaseD . an introduction to the immune system.6. （8分） It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot(点) on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment that can make something disappear, when one eye is open.Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the left and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, youll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, youll find the letter R disappearing.Why does the letter disappear? It is because there is a blind spot on the eye. When the image of the letter falls on the blind spot, it wont be seen. That is why either of the letters disappears. （1）The writer of the passage thinks that _ there is a blind spot on the eye.A . few people knowB . no one knowsC . most people knowD . all the people know（2）In which order should you do the experiment?Hold the cardMove the card nearerClose your right eyeWrite two English lettersLook at the letter RMake a cardA . B . C . D . （3）The passage mainly tells us _.A . how to find the blind spotB . an interesting experimentC . where the blind spot isD . there is blind spot on the eye7. （8分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。BDifferent weather makes people feel different. It influences health, intelligence(智力) and feelings.In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states(州) have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ(智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% lower. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August).Weather also has a strong influence on peoples feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold weather. But fat people may have a hard time in hot summer. At about 18, people become stronger.Low air pressure(气压) may make people forgetful(健忘). People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. People feel best at a temperature of about 18.Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weathers problem.（1）What can cause problems on health？A . Hot and wet weatherB . A strong windC . Warm weatherD . Low air pressure（2）A report shows that people may have more intelligence when _ comes.A . rainB . a strong windC . very hot weatherD . low air pressure（3）According to(根据) the writer, fat people may feel bad in _ weather.A . coldB . coolC . warmD . hot（4）The writer wants to tell us that _.A . hot and cold weather influences all people in the same wayB . weather influences peoples behavior(行为)C . IQ changes when weather changesD . people feel good on low pressure days（5）Which is the best title(标题) for this passage?A . Hot Weather Causes Health ProblemsB . Different Weather Makes People Feel BadC . Weather Influences FeelingsD . Weather Influences Health, Intelligence and Feelings8. （8分）根据短文内容，选择正确答案。(B)A serious earthquake can be a terrible experience, and it is easy to forget safety measures (措施) in disorder (混乱). Fortunately, most earthquake safety measures are common sense, but if you forget everything else, remember the following instructions: drop, cover, and hold on. Also, most of earthquake deaths happen after the earthquake, so remember that the danger does not end when the shaking does!If you stay indoors during an earthquake, move away from unsupported areas and windows. Try to get under a doorway or another area of the building which is held up by strong beams(梁). Stay under a table or desk only if it is very strong. Do not rush to lifts, because it is far safer to stay where you are. Cover your head with your arms around it and curl(蜷缩) into a ball, and wait for the shaking to stop.If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, move to an area. Which is as open as possible. Dont move to buildings, electric poles and other objects which may fall during an earthquake and injure you. Protect your head and stay low to the ground till the shaking ends and it is safe to move.After an earthquake, many buildings are less strong, although they appear safe. If you stay indoors, move people from the building quickly and help disabled or injured people. Once outdoors, move well away from the building so that if it falls down, you will not be injured. Wait till public safety officials announce that it is safe to stay indoors. By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly increase your chances of survival (生存) without injury.（1）The underlined word Fortunately in the first paragraph means .A . especiallyB . graduallyC . luckilyD . finally（2）We can learn from the passage that earthquake safety measures .A . are planned for childrenB . help us to keep safeC . are not necessaryD . are not easy to understand（3）According to the passage, it isnt a good choice during an earthquake.A . to take a liftB . to stay under a strong tableC . to get under a doorwayD . to cover the head with arms around it（4）If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, you can do all the following except .A . trying to protect your headB . moving to an open placeC . moving away from buildingsD . taking the disabled people into the room（5）The purpose of the passage is mainly to tell us how to .A . stay away from an earthquakeB . predict an earthquakeC . control an earthquakeD . keep safe during and after an earthquake9. （10分）根据材料内容，选择正确答案。People have travelled around the world in quite small boats. It is not an easy thing to do. Sometimes the weather gets bad, and that can be the end of everyone in the boat. Accidents can happen easily and quickly.One family once had an accident because of some big fish. The fish swam under their boat and bit holes in it. Sea water came in and the boat soon sank. However, these people had another small boat-a lifeboat, and they all got into it. They lived and hoped for many days. At last a ship found them.How do sailors(海员) live in a very small lifeboat for a few weeks or even a few months? They must be strong in every way. They must have hope and they want to live. They cannot drink sea water. If they drink a lot of sea water, they will soon die. They can drink rainwater. They must catch rainwater. They must also catch fish and birds for food. A lifeboat does not carry a cooker, so they cannot cook their food. Raw meat is not very nice, but there is no other choice in a lifeboat!（1）The sentence that can be the end of everyone in the boat in the first paragraph means .A . everyone in the boat can do nothingB . everyone in the boat may dieC . everyone in the boat can stop the accidentD . everyone in the boat may arrive where they want to go（2）One family once had an accident at Sea because .A . their boat was caught in bad weatherB . the boat knocked against a rock and sea water came inC . some fish bit some holes in their boatD . none of them knew how to sail at sea（3）Lifeboats do not often carry a cooker which is .A . a piece of equipment(设备) for cooking foodB . a large box for storing foodC . a place where food is cookedD . a person who cooks food（4）The underlined word raw means in Chinese.A . 禽类的B . 生的C . 原始的D . 鱼类的（5）Which of the following is NOT true?A . Travelling around the world in small boats is not easy.B . The sailors in a lifeboat call only have fish for food.C . Anyone who drinks a lot of sea water will die.D . No one can live for long in a lifeboat unless(除非) he is strong in every way.10. （8分）根据文章内