高三英语知识点复习总汇.doc

高三英语知识点复习总汇一单元考点提示1. 单词greedy, 2. 短语at the mercy of 在的支配下 play the role of 扮演角色do the deed 付诸行动；生效 take pride in 以自豪；对得意 according to 根据 on condition that 条件是；在条件下at the time of 在时侯 lie in 在于a couple of weeks 两个星期 large quantities of 大量；许多make use of 利用 far below 远远低于3. 句型She dressed herself as a lawyers clerk. I offer you six times what you have just offered. I never knew so young a body with so wise a head. You shall get justice. Its silly of sb. to do sth. He has no choice but to cry. 4. 语法复习动词不定式。二、考点精析与拓展1. make a promise该动词短语意为“允诺”，其中的promise为名词，与它搭配的词组还有keep ones promise(守信)等。如：Hes always making promises and then breaking them. Promise 也可是动词（vt. & vi. ）意为“允诺”，“答应”。所用动词句型为：promise to do sth(不定式作宾语)promise sb. to do sth. （后接双宾语）promise (sb)that clause(that-clause为宾语从句)如：He promises me to buy a bike for my birthday gift. He promises me that he will buy a bike for my birthday gift. 2. pretend to be a lawyer该结构中pretend 意为“装扮”，“装假”，后跟不定式或宾语从句 。其中不定式（有时态变化）是试题中的重点考查形式。如：When mother came in, be pretended to be writing . 3. have mercy on/upon sb. 该短语意为“宽恕（或可怜）某人”，类似的词组还有show mercy to sb. 。He always has mercy on the poor. at the mercy of 任由摆布，在的掌握中。如：They were lost at sea,at the mercy of the winds and the waves. 4. go down on ones knees 双膝跪地go down on one knee单膝跪地如：The son went down on his knees, begging his father for mercy. Some football players celebrate their“goal”by going down on one knee. 5. play the role of该短语意为“扮演角色”（=play a part of）。如：In this film he will play the role of a policeman. 6. x times + n. 通过结构，应掌握英语里表示倍数的表达句型。A is x times the size(height, length, width)of B. A is x times as big(high,long, wide)as B. A is x times + adj. -er than B. The size (height, length, width)of A is x times that of B. 如：The meeting-room is three times the size of our office. The size of the meeting-room is three times that of our office. 7. when you show none此句中掌握的重点是when的用法，现分述如下：when在本句中，相当于if,引导条件状语从句，意为“既然”。如：How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?when意为“当的时候”，“在时”，引导时间状语从句。when是并列连词（=and then）意为“就在这/那时”，连接两个句子。如：We are about to go to city when it is raining. 8. so young a body说明：在一个带有形容词的名词词组中，不定冠词a/an 通常放在adj. 的前面。但是，如果adj. 前有so, too, how, quite时，a/an应放 adj. 的后面。其结构是：so/too/how/quite+adj. +a/an +n. 。如：He is so good a student. It is too difficult a job for me. 9. be seated意为“坐下”（=sit down）,是正式用语，而sit down是非正式用语。如：Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. 10. takein ones arms该结构意为“拥抱”。如：He went into classroom, taking some books in his arms. 11. be in love with sb. 该短语意为“爱上某人”，其中的be可用fall替换，即fall in love with sb. 也意为“爱上某人”。如：Henry was/fell in love with Mary. make love to sb . 向某人示爱12. on one condition该介词短语意为“规定一个条件”。如：He allowed me to do it on one condition. on condition that这是一短语连词（=only if）,引导条件状语从句。如：Ill give you the day off on condition that you work on Saturday morning. 13. a driving permit该词组意为“驾驶执照”，词组里permit是名词，意为“许可证”，“执照”。如：You wont get into the conference hall without a permit. 14. help to do sth. 该动宾结构意为“有助于干某事”，且不定式符号to 可以省略，即构成help do sth. 的表达形式。如：This book helps to understand this question. Exercises help build up. 15. far below + n. 该词组意为“远远低于”，“比低得多”，其中far是副词，用以加强语气。如：The production of this factory was far below the normal level last year. 16. show off该短语动词意为“炫耀”，而show sb. /sth. off意为“显示的优点”。如：He is a man who is always showing off. 由show 构成的短语动词有：show up出现/出席，显眼showover/round带参观showin领进入；showout领/送出去如：Only three of the people we invited to the party didnt show up. 17. keep up该短语动词有以下现象，分述如下：keep sth. up使不低落，遵守如：Even if we fail we should keep up our spirits. keep sb. up使晚睡如：Its wrong to keep the children up so late. keep up with sb. 赶上，不落后，保持联系如：I still keep up with my college classmates far away. 我仍与远方的大学同学保持着联系。18. have no choice but to do sth. 该结构意为“别无选择的干”如：You have no choice but to obey me. 19. more than该词组意为“不仅仅是”，“不只是”。如：Flag is more than a piece of cloth. It stands for a state. More than 与one 连用，构成词组more than one 后接单数的名词和动词。如：More than one person is going to lose his job. 20. lie in短语动词lie in 意为“在于”。如：The way out lies in the development of educati8on. 21. make use of 该短语动词意为“利用”，其中use 前可被good,the best, much,little no修饰。如：You must make good use of any opportunities you have of practi-sing English. 以use为核心，组成的词组有：in use 在使用中；out of use(目前)不使用开始被使用；go out of use 不再使用。三、精典名题导解题1（上海 1999） We all know that _speak louder than words. A. movements B. performances C. operations D. actions分析：D。Actions speak louder than words. 是谚语，意为“行动胜于空谈”。题2（NMET 1997）I would love _to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone分析：B。表达未曾实现的愿望。题3（NMET 1992）Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking分析：A。表示将来的意愿，little Jim是动词take 的承受者，故应用不定式的被动式。题4（NMET 1999） Robert is said _abroad, but I dont know which country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be studying D. to have been studying分析：A。根据语意判断，Rorbert在国外留学已结束，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语之前。题5（NMET 2001春）_late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm clock. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept分析：A。句意为“为了早上多睡会儿，Bob关了闹钟”。所以不能选B、D，又因为该句不是祈使句，不能用动词原形形式，即不能选择C。题6（上海 1999）Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?_enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting分析：C。因为下句为表示目的的句子，即相当于in order to。题7（上海 2001春）Sandy could do nothing but _to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit分析：A。do nothing but + 不带to的不定式。一、单元考点提示1.单词2.句型 I / He /She /can /may It is possible that I/ He /She may not He/ She is not likely to It is likely that I am not likely to You cant / musnt Dont smoke. Look out!If you, youll Dont be late Take care!Youd better(not)do it. Be careful. No noise, please!3.语法 复习和归纳句子成分定语 复习定语从句和同位语从句的用法二、考点精析与拓展 1.leave sth. to sb.（在死后）将留给某人；请某人负责某事 His aunt left all her property to him after her death. 他姑姑死后将所有财产都留给他了。 Ill leave it to you to buy the tickets.我委托你负责买票。2.in ones will在某人的遗嘱中 will作为名词使用时意为“遗嘱”“意志力”或“强烈的愿望”。 Her death is gods will, I suppose. 她的逝世是上帝的旨意，我估计。His strong will enables him to refuse all the worldly pleaseres. 他的强烈愿望使他可以拒绝世间所有的乐趣。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。3.by ones first marriage 通过或由于某人的第一次婚姻 介词by有许多含义，在此处意为“通过”，相当于through。 He left by the first train. 他乘第一次列车离开了。 The electricity supply is operated by a switch.供电由一个开关控制。4.check out清点；结账；核实；检查；开票提款 Ask him to check the information out for us.请他为我们核实一下信息。 Wed better check the whole room out in case it has been bugged . 我们最好检查一下整个房间以免有蛀虫。 The trainees checked out all right. 这些培训学员完全合格。 She checked out 6000 dollars.她提款6000美元。5.for a start/to start with首先，第一点 You have no right to be here, to start with. 首先，你无权在此。 It wont work：for a start, we dont have so much money and secondly we cannot get the permission.那不行，首先我们没那么多钱，其次我们不能被批准。6.go through 浏览；经历；历经 He went through several houses, but havent bought one yet. 他看了好几套房子，但一套还没买。 The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家已经历了太多的战争。 The plan must go through several stages. 这个计划必须经历几个过程。 拓展：go through with完成 他还没写完作文。7.be present at 出席 How many people were present at the meeting?多少人出席了会议？ 拓展：present(1)n.礼物 What present do you want for Christmas this year? 今年圣诞节你想要什么礼物？ (2)v.赠予 Now that the sports meet is over, our principal will present the prize. 既然运动会已结束，我们校长将颁奖。 (3)adj.现在的，目前的 Im not going to buy a car at the present high prices. 以目前的高价，我不打算买小汽车了。 (4)presently(adv.) = soon She will be here presently. 她不久就会来。 (5)常用短语： at the present time = at present目前，现在 for the present暂时8.pass(to)将递给，传达Please pass me the bread and butter.请递给我面包奶油。把拿破仑要亲自来的消息告诉他。拓展：（1）vi.走过，通过Because of the large crowd in the street the truck was unable to pass.因为大街上人很多，卡车无法通过。(2)n.通行证Nobody can go into the hall without a pass.没有通行证，任何人不准进入大厅。9.pick out认出；显眼；挑选 Can you pick out your brother in the crowd? 你能在人群中认出你弟弟吗? he houses in the painting picked out in white. 画上的房子以白色而显得醒目。 Its so beautiful！How did you pick it out? 这么漂亮！你是怎么挑出来的？10.troop n./v. （1）n. 一群，大量，许我troops军队，部队 A troop of school children went into the museum. 一大群学生走进了博物馆。 The local people demand the withdrawal（撤退）of foreign troops. 当地的人们要求撤退外国军队。 (2)vi.集合，群集；成群涌向，结队而行 The students trooped up on the sports ground. 学生们在操场上集合。 We all trooped into/out of the hall. 我们成群地进入/走出礼堂。11.fly (1)vt.飞跃 +地点或距离作宾语：驾驶（飞机）；（用飞机）运送；放（风筝） fly the Atlantic / the English Channe/ a distance of 2000 km 飞跃大西洋/英吉利海峡/2000公里的距离 Supplies of food have been flown to the refugees. 补给的粮食空运给那些难民。 The children are flying their kites. 孩子们在放风筝。 (2)vi.飞，飞行，飞跑 Time flies like an arrow.光阴似箭。 The little girl flew to her grandmother. 这女孩向她奶奶飞跑过去。 (3)n.苍蝇 butter（奶油）+fly（苍蝇）=butterfly（蝴蝶） dragon（龙）+fly（苍蝇）=dragonfly（蜻蜓） fire（火）+fly（苍蝇）= firefly（萤火虫）（=lighting-bug,美语） （1）vt.传达，传送，传染把信息、感情、消息传递/传达给某人 我会直接把消息传达给你。 (2)vi.通讯，通话用与某人联络/沟通 我们用电话/信件彼此沟通。 拓展：通讯c消息pl.通讯系统 收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要工具。 通讯卫星在很多方面对人类有很大的帮助。13.beeline n.两地之间的直线；捷径（指蜜蜂采蜜后径直飞向蜂房，这条路叫beeline） （1）make a beeline for sb./sp.走近路；走直路；向直行 As soon as the meeting was over, he made a beeline for the pub. 会议一结束，他就直接上了酒吧。 If you want to catch up with them, youd better make a beeline for them. 如果你想赶上他们，你最好抄近路去。 （2）in a beeline 成直线地，笔直地 The pupils went to the museum in a beeline. 孩子们直接走向博物馆。发现，暴露（= be discovered / exposed /found out / be brought to light） 新的证据不断被发现，所以法官们不得不判这个人死刑。 When the old woman died, it came to light that she was actually very rich. 老太婆死后，人们才发现她其实很富有。15.be different from与不同 Your idea is different from mine. 你的想法和我的不同。 对比：make sb./ sth. different from使某人/某物不同于 Her special accent makes her different from others. 她特殊的口音使她与众不同。16.one after another一个一个地，表示数量多并连续出现 School was over and students went out of the school gate one after another. 放学了，学生们一个接一个地走出校门。 对比：one by one表示按顺序逐个进行或出现 Dont hurry! You should enter the office one by one. 不要着急，你们应该一个个地走进办公室。 拓展：by and by一点一点地，逐渐地 little by little一点一点地 step by step 一步一步地，循序渐进地17.amaze vt.使惊奇 = astonish, surprise The news amazed us greatly.这条消息使我们感到很惊奇。 拓展：（1）amazed人对感到吃惊的；amazing（某物）信人吃惊的。 They were all amazed at the amazing news. 听到这个令人吃惊的消息他们感到惊讶。 (2)amazement n. to ones amazement令人吃惊的是 To my amazement, they have gone to Xishuangbanna. 让我奇怪的是，他们去西双版纳了。 类似短语：to ones happiness/excitement/sadness/puzzlement 使某人高兴的/兴奋的/伤心的/迷惑的是18.the more,the more 越就越 The harder you study, the more progress youll make. 越努力学习，你的进步就越大。 对比：more and more 越来越 我们的校园变得越来越美丽了。19.again and again = time and time again = over and over = over and over again再三地 The old man thinks of his happy past again and again. 这位老人再三地想起他幸福的过去。三、精典名题导解题1 （NMET 2001） As we joined the big crowd. I got from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed 分析：A。get separated from sb.和某人分开。题2（NMET 2002 北京）How are the team playing?Theyre playing well, but one of them hurt.A. got B. gets C. are D. were分析：A。got hurt意为“受伤”。get后接过去分词表示被动，受伤的事发生在过去，要用一般过去时。题3 （2002 上海春季） It long before we the result of the experiment. A. will not be; will know B. will not be; knewC. will not be; know D. is; know分析：C。It will not be long是主句，意为不久；在before引导的时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来。题4 （NMET 2001北京） at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 分析：D。这是一个祈使句，要用动词原形。题5 （2003，北京春） Were living in an age A. which B. that C. whose D. when 分析：D。此题考查定语从句要填入的引导词应该在从句中作时间状语，故用when.题6 （2002 上海，35） There is a feeling in me well never know what a UFO-not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what 分析：A。根据句意“我有一种感觉我们永远不会知道UFO是什么，而不是曾经（不知道）。”that引导的同位语从句解释feeling的内容。题7 （2003 上海） It is believed that if a book is , it will surely the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; interesting D. interesting; interest分析：D。interesting有趣的；interest vt.使感到有趣。题8 （2003 上海春） It was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off. A. so B. so that C. why D. that 分析：D。这是一个强调句，对because of bad weather进行强调，强调句的结构是It is/was + 被强调的部分+that(who)题9 （2001 上海春） It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in small village. A. which B. why C. that D. how 分析：C。这是一个强调句for this reason进行强调，其明显标志是介词for.一单元考点提示1语言要点(1) Nice to meet you.(2) I must be off / go / be leaving now.(3) Give my best wishes / regards / love to(4) Follow instructions.(5) What about？(6) Make sure that(7) Do what he or she tells you to do 2交际用语（1）go on doing; (2)as a result ; (3) in ones opinion; (4) general idea; (5) to take care of ; (6) to find out ; (7) at the beginning ; (8) to introduce to; (9) on the farm; (10) to give ones best wishes / redgards / love to sb. ; (11) Nice meeting you .; (12) I must be off / leaving now .; (13) So + be / have /情态动词/助动词+主语; (14) frist of all ; (15) turn off ; (16) by the side of ; (17) instdead of ; (18) on holiday ; (19) to allow sb to do sth .; (20) bring out ; (21) hold up ; (22) make a face ; (23) have a way of doing sth .; (24) return to ; (25) at the back of .考点精析与拓展重点单词及用法1. introduce . 介绍，引进introduction n .1) introduce sb .to sb . 把某人介绍给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍注意 : 其后不能跟双宾语，类似的词还有explain, suggest2) introduce a new idea 引入一种新思想2. practice 实践；学习 Practice makes perfect . 熟能生巧。1) 短语：in practice 在实践中；实际上put sth . into practice 实施2）比较：practice 和 exercise 当“练习”解时的不同, practice 指有规律的练习，特指反复练习, exercise 一般用语，可指训练，锻炼，操练等。如：spelling exerceise 拼写练习do ones exercises 做练习（功课）等3) 动词形式为practise ,美语亦可用practice。注意：其后接动词时只用ing 形式，如：practice speaking English.练习讲英语4)形容词式为practical比较：practical, real , truepractical 指“实践的”，“实际的”，“讲求实际的”，如：practical activities 实践活动practical work 实际工作She is a practical woman.她是位讲求实际的妇女。Real“真实的”，“实在的”，表示实际存在的意义，如：real silk 真丝his real name 他的真名true “真的”，指某种事实，故事，消息，信息，朋友等是真的，如：a true story 一个真实的故事3.once; 1)意为“曾经”时，侧重“有一次”的意思，是副词在句中做状语，如：Once he owned a large house . 他曾经拥有一所大房子。注意：与ever的区别ever常用于疑问句，有时可用于过去分词前，多在完成时态中。在句中可译为“曾经”，有时不需翻译。如：Have you ever been there ?你去过那儿吗？The largest tree ,ever found there ,is one about 500 years old .那儿发现的最大的树有大约500年树龄了。2)意为“一旦”时，用作连词引起从句。如：Once you go there ,buy a book for me .4unless注意：与if 的异同1)通常unless 等于if not 如：2)在下面的句子中不可做此替换。如：Ill be surprised if he doesnt have an accident .他要是不出事故，我倒会感到奇怪了。unless 不能用于“由于未发生B而产生A”的句子，再如：要是他今晚不来，我才高兴呢。5mix .混合mixture n. 混合物Water and oil will not mix .油和水不相溶合。Mix black with white 混淆黑白。注意：下面句子中mix 的形式。A rain is falling ,mixed with snow .雨夹着雪在下着。6rather1)注意下列词的程度2)rather 修饰形容词加名词时，若有冠词a 或an , 则rather 在冠词前、后皆可。如：It was rather a cold day . = It was a rather cold day.3）rather和fairlyrather表示不接受性，为否定意义；fairly 表示接受性，为肯定意义。如：Its rather cold today .（不愉快）Its fairly warm today .（心中舒服）4) rather +比较级；rather/ much/ far+too+adj./adv, 而fairly,quite ,very 则不能。如：I did rathre better in the exam.Thats rather too difficult.5) rather than 而不是 如：He , rather than you, is to be punished . 是他而不是你要受惩罚。I decided to write rather than (to)telephone.我决定写信而不是打电话。还可用于下面两种结构。 would do sth . rather than do sth .= would rather do sth. than do sth .宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。 prefer to do sth . rather than do sth .（意义同上）7.allow与permit 1)用法相同allow / permit sb .to do sth .允许某人做某事allow / permit doing sth . 允许做某事。此时动词只用ing 形式。反义词forbid 具有同样用法。2)意义有异同许多情况下可换用，只是词意的强弱上有差异。allow语意较弱，含有“听任”，“默许”，“不加阻止”的意思；permit 语意较强，强调“正式认可”，“批准”的意思。如：The nurse allowed him to remain there ,though it was not permitted.护士让他留在那里，虽然这时（规定）不允许的。8. lively 意为“活泼的”，“有生气的”如：a lively mind 活跃的头脑a lively discussion 热烈的讨论1)lovely意“可爱的”，“美好的”如：a lovely day 美好的一天 lovely girl 可爱的女孩2)alive 意为“活着的”，是表语形容词，在句中做表语或后置定词。如：After the war , he remained alive .战后他还活着。Those alive will gather here. 活着的人将在此相聚。3)living 意为“活着的”，主要用于作前置定语及冠词the 之后表示一类人，也可用作表语。如：all living things所有生物the living 在世者，活着的人们Latin is not a living language. 拉丁语不是现代使用的语言。He is still living at the age of 95.95岁了他还活着。4)live 意为“活的”，“有生命的”，主要用来说鸟或其它动物。如:a live fish 一条活鱼重点短语及用法1. go on doing , go on to do , go on with 1) go on doing sth .指继续做同一件事。如：After a short rest , they went on working . 短暂休息之后，他们继续工作。go on with sth . 指继续同一件事，此时 with 后能接名词，代词，不能跟ing 形式。如:After a short rest ,they went on with the work . 短暂休息之年，他们继续那项工作。go on to do sth . 指接着做另外一件事。如：After finishing the words , they went on to go over the text.结束单词后，他们接着通课文。2) 类似意义的说法。continue doing/ to do = go on doing;go ahead with = go on with ,隐含有付出努力之意keep on doing = go on doing 指不顾困难，反对或警告而坚持做某事。如：He kept on smoking after the doctor told him to stop .医生告诉他停止后，他还是继续抽烟。2. as a result 作为结果He runs every day .As a result , he has lost weight .他每天跑步，结果他减肥了。as a result of 作为的结果As a result of exercise , he has built up his health.result in = lead to 导致，造成结果，如：Hard work results in success. 勤奋才会成功。result from 由产生的结果，如：Success results from hard work. 成功来自勤奋。3. in ones opinion 在某人看来，依照某人的看法，也可以说：in ones personal opinion例：have a good /high opinion of sb . = think / speak well/highly of sb.对某人评价高，看法不好。4. first of all 指按时间，顺序等处于第一位的，如：例：First of all let me say how glad Im to be here.首先我要说我来到这儿是多么高兴。Im interested in coins ,but first of all Im a stamp collector.我对硬币感兴趣，但我首先是个集邮的。比较：first与at firstfirst 译为“首先/，是从动作的先后角度来考虑的。”如：Before we go , I must first change my clothes .走之前我得先换衣服。at first意为“起初/，含有后来不这样了的意思。”如：At first I didnt like him ,but now I do .起初我不喜欢他，但现在喜欢了。for the first time 意为“第一次”。如：It was there that they met for the first time .正是在那儿他们第一次见了面。5. at the beginning of 在初（开头），可指时间与空间。如：at the beginning of term 在学期开始at the beginning of the book 在那本书的开头at the beginning 单独用时间at first，也可说in the beginning.比较：at the end of 在末（尽头） at the end 在末尾处 in the end 最终，同at last in the middle of 在中期 from beginning to end 从头至尾6.right now = at the moment ,at present 眼下，现在比较：right away = right off ,immediately, at once , in no time 马上，立刻7. be filled with = be full of 充满，装满 如：The bottle is filled with water .瓶子里装满了水。注意：Filled with courage , he went into the cave .此处filled 表示“充满了的”指处于一种状态。比较：be crowded with 挤满的，与be filled with 有所不同。如：The room is crowded with guests.房间里挤满了客人。此外，fill作为动词可用其主动形式，亦可构成另外短语。如：Fill the bottle with sand .把瓶子装满沙子。Fill in the blanks .填空。8. on holiday 在度假，此时holiday 前不加冠词。类似说法如：on a visit/a trip/a journey 要带冠词。take a holiday 休假用介词on