资源描述
Unit 4 Dont eat in class. Section A1. Dont arrive late for class.上课不要迟到。(1)这是祈使句。祈使句的功能在于向对方发出指令、请求等;祈使句通常省略主语,以动词原形开头;否定形式的祈使句构成为:Dont+动词原形。如:Be careful while crossing the road.过马路时要小心。Dont forget me!不要忘记我!(2)arrive意思是“到达”,其后不能直接跟地点名词;arrive at后可接小地点,arrive in后多接大地点。如:What time did you arrive at the station?你是几点钟到火车站的?Can we arrive in Beijing on time or not?我们能否按时到达北京?(3) be late for class意思是“上课迟到”,是习惯搭配,class前不用冠词。类似搭配还有:be late for school上学迟到如:I wish you do not be late for school any more.我希望你以后上学别再迟到了。2. You must be on time.你必须守时。(1)must是情态动词,意为“必须”,表示命令的语气;情态动词后必须跟实义动词原形,be是is,am,are的原形。如:When you learn to ride a bike you must learn to balance.你学骑脚踏车时必须学会保持平衡。(2)on time意思是“准时”。如:The plane arrived on time.飞机正点到达。【辨析】on time与in timein time的意思是“及时”,“终有一天”,“最后”,“迟早”或“终于”。例如:I wish you would e in time.我希望你及时赶到。We got to the station just in time to catch the bus.我们及时到达车站,赶上了公共汽车。on time意为是“准时”,“准点”,“正点”。The train arrived on time.火车正点到达。Please be here tomorrow on time.请明天准时到这儿来。3. Dont listen to music in class.不要在教室里听音乐。(1)listen to意思是“听”,表示“听”的动作过程。如:She turned on the MP3 to listen to music.她打开MP3听音乐。【辨析】listen,listen to与hearhear与listen这两个词都是动词,都有“听”的意思。但意思有区别,用法也不同。hear是及物动词,表示“听见”、“听到”,可能是有意识地听,也可能是无意识地听。如:Louder,please.I cant hear you.请大声点,我听不到你的声音。We heard someone laughing in the next room.我们听见隔壁有人在笑。hear还可作不及物动词,后接of(about)表示“听别人说”(指间接听到) ;后接from意思是“收到(某人)的来信”。如:I have never heard of such a thing.我从未听说过这种事。Have you heard from him?你收到他的来信了吗?listen是不及物动词,表示有意识或注意地“听”,不说明是否听见的结果;必须加to才能接宾语。如:I listened but heard nothing.我注意听了,但什么也没听见。【易错警醒】hear一词一般不用于进行时。不说I am hearing或I was hearing,而用can或could。如:I can hear somebody ing.我能听见有人来了。(2)in class是习惯搭配,意思是“在上课中,在课堂上”。4. Dont run in the hallways.不要在过道上奔跑。Sorry. Ms. Clark.对不起,克拉克女士。(1)run意思是“跑,跑步”;run是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语。run组成的短语有:run after追赶;run away逃跑;run out of用完,耗尽。(2)sorry意思是“对不起,遗憾”;因自己的过失或不当影响到他人时,通常以sorry表示道歉。如:Im sorry. You have the wrong number.对不起,你的电话号码不对。5. This is a great school,but there are a lot of rules.这是一所很不错的学校,但有很多校规。(1)but是连词,意思是“但是”;“学校不错”与“有很多校规”为转折关系,用but连接意义转折的两个单句。如:I can see that plane,but I cant see a bird.我能看见那架飞机,但是小鸟我就看不见了。He may be clever,but he doesnt know everything.他或许聪明,但是他不可能知道所有的事情。(2)there be意思是“有”,表示“某处有某物”;there be结构中,be与紧跟其后的名词保持数的一致。如:There is an old pine tree in front of the house.房子前面有一株老松树。There are some nice apples on sale in that shop.那家商店有些很好的苹果出售。(3)a lot of意思是“很多,大量”,修饰不可数名词,也可修饰可数名词复数。如:We have a lot of fun in the park.我们在公园里玩得很快活。There are a lot of wild animal parks in South Africa.在南非有许多野生动物园。【辨析】many,much与lots of,a lot ofmany用来修饰可数名词,表示数目,反义词为few。如:There are many apples in the basket.篮子里有许多苹果。much用来修饰不可数名词,表示量,反义词为little。如:Im sorry to give you so much trouble.真对不起,给你添了这么多的麻烦。a lot of(lots of)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词时可与many换用;修饰不可数名词时,可与much换用。如:We had a lot of(lots of) fun at the picnic. =We had much fun at the picnic.我们在这次野餐中玩得很痛快。There are a lot of(lots of) pear trees near the house. =There are many pear trees near the house.屋子附近种着许多梨树。6. Can we bring music players to school?我们可以带音乐播放机到学校来吗?(1)bring.to意思是“把带来”;bring是及物动词,其动作的方向趋向于说话者。如:Bring your book here tomorrow.明天把你的书带来。Youd better finish your homework today,and bring it to me tomorrow.你最好今天做完家庭作业,明天带来交给我。【辨析】bring与takebring意思是带来,拿来,取来,指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来。也可说成“由远及近”,有方向性。如:Eddie brings me some books.埃迪给我带来了几本书。take有“带走,取走”之意。表示把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去,也可说成由近及远,有方向性。词意和bring相对,经常和介词to搭配。如:Take him to hospital at once,please.请马上带他去医院。(2)players意思是“演奏者,选手”。【拓展】英语中一些表示职业的名词往往与该职业所从事的活动内容相关,这些职业名称常常是在相应的动词词尾加-er或-or等后缀构成。如:sing(唱歌)+ersinger(歌手) drive(驾驶)+rdriver(司机)teach(教)+erteacher(教师) work(工作)+erworker(工人)clean(打扫)+ercleaner(清洁工) write(写)+rwriter(作家;作者)7. And we always have to wear the school uniform.我们永远得穿校服。(1)have to意思是“不得不”;have to常用来强调客观上不得不去做某件事情,其后接动词原形。如:Please be quiet. I have to study the book for a test tomorrow.请不要说话了,明天要考试,我得看书。We dont have to go to school on Sundays.星期天我们不用去上学。【辨析】have to与musthave to表示客观的需要;must表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。如:My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。如:He had to look after his sister at home yesterday.昨天他不得不在家照看他妹妹。在否定结构中,dont have to表示“不必”;mustnt表示“禁止”。如:You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。(2)wear是及物动词,意思是“穿、戴”,表示穿着的状态,其后面除了跟表示衣帽的名词外,还可以跟表示首饰或眼镜的名词。如:She likes to wear woolen socks in winter.冬天她喜欢穿羊毛袜。【辨析】wear, dress, put onput on一般强调动作。如:It is cold outside,so youd better put on your coat.外边冷,你最好穿上大衣。Hearing the news,he put on his stocking and shoes,and went out.听到这一消息,他穿上袜子、蹬上鞋,就出去了。wear表示一种状态。如:He is wearing a hat.他戴着一顶帽子。dress作及物动词时要接“人”作宾语(不接“衣”作宾语),意思是“给某人穿衣”。如:She dresses her baby every morning.她每天早上给宝宝穿衣服。dress也可用作不及物动词。如:Get up and dress quickly.起床,快穿衣服。8. Oh,and we also have to be quiet in the library.哦,在图书馆里,我们必须保持安静。(1)also意思是“也”,通常置于实义动词之前,情态动词或be动词之后。如:Ive also read the book.我也读过这本书。This room was also dirty.这个房间也很脏。【辨析】too,also,eithertoo放在句子末尾,通常用逗号隔开。如:I am a student,too.我也是一名学生。also则放在系动词be之后,实义动词之前。如:I am also a student.我也是一名学生。Li Ming also takes part in a ceremony.李明也参加了仪式。either在否定句中使用,但是放在句子末尾,通常用逗号隔开。如:Lucy doesnt go to the party,either.露西也没有去参加派对。(2)quiet是形容词,意思是“安静的”,其副词为quietly。如:He lived in a quiet village near the sea.他住在海边的一个僻静的村子里。例1 _get off the bus before it stops.A. Dont B. Doesnt C. Didnt【解析】考查祈使句的用法。句意为“在公共汽车停下来之前不要下车。”祈使句的否定形式用dont来完成,故选A。【答案】A。例2Lucy, can I use your English dictionary?Sure. But you_return it before the class.A. must B. can C. may D. would【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法辨析。根据上句可推出本句句意:但是你必须在上课之前归还。must意为“必须”,can意为“可能”,may意为“可以”,would意为“愿意”。所以选A。【答案】A。例3Have you_“Zhang Lili”?Yes,she is the most beautiful woman teacher in China.A. head of B. heard from C. heard out【解析】考查动词辨析。hear of “听说”;hear from “收到来信”;hear out “听完”。根据句意“你听说过张莉莉吗?听过,她是中国最美丽的女老师”。故选A。【答案】A。例4 David, there_a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.A. is B. are C. have【解析】考查there be结构。there be 结构通常用就近原则。因最近的主语是a dictionary,因此谓语动词用is。【答案】A。例5Li Na is an outstanding tennis_(play).【答案】player。例6Mom,_I hang out with my friends now?Sure, but you_clean up your bedroom first.A. can;need B. may;have to C. must;need D. need;must【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。征询别人意见时尽量用委婉语,如may,could。have to常用来强调客观上不得不去做某件事情。句子意思是“妈妈,我可以现在跟朋友出去玩吗?”“可以,但你必须要首先整理好你的卧室”。根据句意选B。【答案】B。例7 My friend Frank sings well, and he is_good at playing the guitar.A. not B. also C. yet D. too【解析】本题考查副词的用法。not用于否定句中,表示否定;also用于肯定句中,表示“也”,用于句中;yet用于否定句中,意为 “还”;too“也”,常用于肯定句的句尾,用逗号隔开。由句意“我的朋友弗兰克歌唱得好,他也擅长弹吉他”可知答案为B。【答案】B。
展开阅读全文