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2019年高考英语一轮总复习 语法专项突破 真题分类 冠词【xx新课标全国卷I】31India attained _ independence in 1947,after _ long struggle.A不填;a Bthe;aCan;不填 Dan;the【解析】本题考查冠词。句意:印度经过了长期的斗争之后,在1947年赢得了独立。attain independence是一个固定短语,意为“赢得独立”,这里不需要用冠词。第二个空格填入不定冠词a表示“一个/段”,因此答案选A。【答案】A【xx重庆卷】32The parents were shocked by_news that their son needed_operation on his knee.Aa; / Bthe; /Cthe; an Da; an【解析】句意:父母被他们的儿子需要在膝盖处动手术的消息震惊了。news之后that引导的句子作news的同位语,表示特指,故news之前用定冠词the。由句意知,他们的儿子需要在膝盖处做一个手术,表示一个泛指的手术应用不定冠词,且不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,不定冠词an用在以元音音素开头的单词前,operation以元音音素/开头,故用an。所以答案为C。【答案】C【xx山东卷】22It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky.A不填;a Ba;theCthe;a Dthe;不填【解析】句意:那是一个寒冷的冬夜,月亮照亮了整个夜空。指“一个的夜晚”且night前有形容词修饰时,需用不定冠词a表示泛指;第二个空后指的是夜晚的天空,表示特指,需用定冠词the。【答案】B【xx陕西卷】19Marco Polo is said to have sailed on_Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in_thirteenth century.Athe;a Ba;不填C不填;the Dthe;the【解析】题干的意思是:“据说在13世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛的航行途中经过了太平洋。”在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河等专有名词前要用定冠词the,因此第一空处的Pacific Ocean前面要用定冠词the;而第二个空后的名词century被序数词修饰,序数词前面应用定冠词the。故该题的正确答案为D。【答案】D【xx福建卷】21The “Chinese Dream” is _ dream to improve peoples wellbeing and _ dream of harmony,peace and development.Athe;aBa;aCa;the Dthe;the【解析】题干的意思是:“中国梦是一个提升人民幸福感的梦想,也是一个和谐、和平以及发展的梦想。”根据题意可知此句把“中国梦”诠释为“一个的梦想”,而不是特指哪一个梦想,因此两个空都须用不定冠词a。【答案】B【xx江西卷】32Animals are obviously_lower form of life than_man.Aa; / Bthe; theCa; the D/; /【解析】句意:很明显动物是比人类更低级的一种生物。form为可数名词,表示“类型,种类”,a form of意为“一种”;man用来泛指“人类”时,前面常不加冠词。【答案】A【xx新课标全国卷II】13Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and _ break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.Aa;a Bthe;theC不填;the Da;不填【解析】题干的意思是:“我们讨论了四个半小时,一直到了半夜,此时休息了一会儿,吃了奶酪、巧克力,喝了加糖的茶。”本题考查冠词的用法。four and a half hours四个半小时,也可以说four hours and a half,half前一定要用a;break作“休息”讲时,为可数名词,常与a连用。所以选A。【答案】A【xx浙江卷】15People develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning.Aa;an Ba;不填C不填; the Dthe; an【解析】题干的意思是:“人们在很小的时候就养成了对某种特定的学习方式的偏爱,并且这些偏爱会影响学习。”develop a preference for养成对的偏爱/偏好;at an early age在很小的时候,均为固定搭配,所以正确答案为A项。【答案】A【xx全国II】7. He missed _ gold in the high jump, but will get _ second chance in the long jump.A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /【考点】考查冠词的用法。【答案】C 【解析】此句的第一空特指“跳高中的金牌”,故用定冠词the;第二空意为:再得到一次机会,泛指“一次机会”。句意:他在跳高中失去了金牌,但他在跳远中将再得到一次机会。【xx四川卷】18. We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a 【考点】考查冠词。【答案】 D 【解析】第一空Information Age前加定冠词the为固定说法;第二空根据句意“据说我们正生活在信息时代,一个充满新发现和巨大变化的时代。”a time表示一个时代,用不定冠词。故答案选D。【xx浙江卷】2. The development of industry has been_ gradual process throughout _ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.A. 不填;the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a【考点】考查零冠词和不定冠词 【答案】C 【解析】第一空process是可数名词,第一次出现一般用不定冠词,且此次表示“一个”的概念;第二空existence是不可数名词,其此处表示抽象概念,故用零冠词。【xx江西卷】21The Smiths dont usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A/; a Bthe; the C/; the Dthe; a【考点】考查冠词。【答案】C【解析】hotel为复数,在本句中表示泛指,故用零冠词;江,河,湖,海前要加定冠词,by the sea在海边。 【xx安徽卷】21. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.A. / ; a B. / ;the C. the ; a D. the ; the 【考点】考查冠词。【答案】A【解析】句意:卡尔正在大学里学食品科学,他希望将来有一天自己开一家肉食加工厂。science表示“学科”与零冠词连用;后面的factory是一个可数名词,用a 表示泛指。【xx重庆卷】24.Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George.A. /;/ B. the;/ C the; the D./;the【考点】冠词用法辨析【答案】D【解析】句意:Sam被任命为工程部经理取代了George。表示官衔职务的名词作补语和同位语时,前不加冠词。在题干中,“manager”表示职务,作主语补足语,不需要加冠词,而第二个空白处为固定短语“take the place of”,是“代替,取代”之意。因此,正确答案为D选项。【xx辽宁卷】21. I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone. A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an【考点】冠词【答案】C【解析】第一空表示泛指;第二空为固定用法,用定冠词the,故选C项【xx全国新课标】22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填;a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a【考点】考查冠词用法。【答案】C【解析】句意:Sarah满意地看着那幅已画完的画。第一空特指“已经画完的画”;第二空考查介词短语with satisfaction意为:满意地,作状语。【xx山东卷】29. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ fort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填;a 【考点】考查冠词的用法。【答案】B【解析】此处考查抽象名词具体化。第一空中的a drink意为:一杯饮料;第二空中的a fort意为:一件令人安慰的事。句意:在那些艰难的岁月里,能买得起一杯饮料是一种莫大的安慰。【2011全国卷,33】It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填【考点】考查冠词的用法。【答案】A【解析】句意为“人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉,能挺身而出,勇于战斗。”a boy和 a man都是泛指,表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。因此选A。【2011全国卷II,16】As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【答案】D【解析】句意为“当Jack走到前门时,看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门,a strange sight是泛指,相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。【2011山东卷,21】Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填;the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填;a【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【答案】B【解析】句意为“别急从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distance短距离,是固定搭配的短语;the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆,故用the特指。选B。【2011浙江卷,2】Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a【考点】考查冠词在语境中的用法。【答案】D【解析】句意为“专家认为,最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画;a Picsso意为a Picssos painting,指毕加索的一件作品,有one的含义。因此选D。【2011四川卷,18】Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. 不填;A B.不填;The C.the; The D.a; A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【答案】A【解析】句意为“校长Peter Spence告诉我们说,我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。”headmaster校长,职务前面不加冠词;a fifth表示五分之一。因此选A。【2011重庆卷,26】In munication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude.A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, an【考点】考查冠词的用法。【答案】C【解析】句意为“在相互交流中,微笑通常是一种友好和开放的态度的明显特征。”a 用在可数名词sign前,泛指一类事物;friendly and open 是并列,修饰attitude。因此选C。【2011陕西卷,13】As is known to all, Peoples Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world. A.the ;不填 B. 不填 ;the C. the ;the D. 不填;不填【考点】考查冠词的用法。【答案】C【解析】句意为“众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。”第一个定冠词the用在表示国家的名词前;第二个定冠词the用在有形容词最高级修饰的名词前。因此选C。【2011江西卷22】Its said John will be in a job paying over 60,000 _ year. Right, he will also get paid by _ week.A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D.a; a【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【答案】B【解析】前一句句意为:据说John将会有一份年工资超过60000美金的工作,表时间单位每年,冠词用a,后一句说没错,他也将会以每周的方式得到薪水。by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the。因此选B。
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