2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit13—Unit14知识要点聚焦1.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit13Unit14知识要点聚焦11重点词汇单词：fat，stomach，fever，salad, ripe，ought，examine，plenty，energy, soft，fuel，pace, function，chemical，balance，fit，unit，gain, sleepy，boil，mixture，theme，conflict, argument，opinion，major， Probably，honour, nation, purpose，faith，Joy，light，similar，salute，nod，respect，gift，fool，invitation短语：ought to, plenty of, keep up with，make a choice，now and then, roll up dress up, in ones opinion, play a trick on sb., take in 2. 重点句型 You had better get some restYoud better get some rest You should/ought to be careful with fruit People must only do things that will make others happy You havent got to be in such a hurry Students mustnt cheat in the exams3交际用语 Ive got a pain here This place hurts. Lie down and let me examine you Let me have a look What can I do for you？ Can I help you? Whats the matter? I advise you to Youd betterI think you should Why not？I suggest you shouldWhy dont you？ In my opinion，we should.I believe we should.重点考点精释1辨析examine/check 两者都有“检查”之意，但具体含义不同。check表示“查证，核实以杏明是否正确、属实”。而examine表示“为了解决问题而检查”，另有“考试”之意： Youd better check your answers before you hand it in Is the baby asleep? I11 go and check Im going to have my teeth examined next week Our teacher examined us in English yesterday2offer vt提供；提出Offer n. offer n. to offer to doOffer n. n. Please offer your price. She offered his help to us. My classmate offered to help me with my English. Someone will offer you 10,000 yuan for your house.3. pain n. 辛劳；努力 No pains, no gains. We must share pains and pleasure in face of the enemy.In pain 痛苦；疼痛（通常充当表语）With pain 痛苦；疼痛（一般用做状语） Im wounded and in pain. He was almost mad with pain.4. 辨析 a bit/a little A bit 和a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级时，可以互换，表示“一点儿”的意思，相当于副词，表示形容词及副词的程度： The speaker spoke up a bit/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. In fact, the earth is actually a bit/a little nearer to the sun during the winter. 接不可数名次时a bit 后边需要家of , 而a little 则不需：a bit of water=a little water. Not a bit “一点也不”,not a little “非常“，意思相反： Im full, Im not a bit hungry. He traveled far and was not a little tired.5. 辨析 habit /custom Habit 表示“习惯，习性”。通常指个人习以为常的行为，即生活习惯；也可以指不外露的思想等。它有时含有长时间养成的习惯，不易曲调的意味，后常接of doing 结构，不可接不定式。 Custom 常指在社会团体或国家中长期形成或流传的传统的“风俗，习惯“。这个词也可以指个人习惯，但常指外露的行为或做法，后接不定式结构： My husband has got into the habit of turning on the TV as soon as he gets home. Custom is sometimes considered as important as law.6. fuel n. 燃料v. 给加燃料 Wood, coal, oil, gas, and plutonium are different kinds of fuel. Aircraft sometimes fuel(up)in mid-air7. pace n. 步幅，一步；步调，步速 Im too tired to walk a pace further He went home with heavy pace I saw them walking at a fast pace8. balance n.平衡；均衡v（使）平稳；权衡Destroy the balance of 打破平衡Keep the balance of 保持平衡Keep ones balance 保持平衡Lose ones balance 失去平衡On balance 考虑之后，权衡一切的结果；来说来说Man mustnt destroy the balance of nature We have to keep the balance of ecosystem I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path He lost his balance and fell off bike I think on balance I prefer the old system When you learn to ride a bicycle, you must learn to balance9. keep短语Keep up 保持（高昂的气势等）Keep up with 和并驾齐驱Keep out 使不进入Keep off 使不靠近Keep away (from.) 使远离；不接近 Class, lets keep up our high spirits in our studies for the ing exam I really hope that such nice weather will keep up Walk slower please. Im afraid I wont keep up with you They shut a11 the windows to keep out the cold air They made a fire to keep off wild animals You must keep the children away from the pooll0. equipment n设备：装备 He offered us a new piece of equipment This is shoe factory with modern equipment Equip vt装备：配备Equipped sb. With st.Equip sb. For sth. Our army is equipped with modern weapon Everyone， equip yourself for the task11advice短语Give sb. Advice on sth. 对提出建议Give sb. Advice on what/how to do 对某人作什麽或怎么做提出建议Take/follow ones advice on 接受某人在某方面的建议Ask sb. For advice 征求某人的意见Listen to ones advice 听从某人的意见 Please give me some advice on my English learning， Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language They refused to take your advice on the plan12careful短语Be careful/take care (to do ) 小心，当心Be careful/take care+从句Be careful with 留神，小心Be careful of 当心Be careful in doing 在方面细心 Do be careful/Take care not to break the jar lie careful/Take care there is no mistake You should be careful with your spelling/work Dont drink too muchlie careful of your health He is always careful in giving others advice，13short短语Be short of 缺少In short 简言之，一言以蔽之For short 简称 The crops are short of water，for it hasnt rained for days In short，we should depend on ourselves in our studies， We call a laboratry lab for short14. be always doing“总是；老是”，多指不太正常，或不为说话人所欣赏的行为，有时也可用来赞扬某一行为 His son is always asking for toys Have you noticed the young man that is always walking in the market？ She is always singing at home Hes always working late into the night15word短语A man of few words 言语不多的人Beyond words 无法用语言形容Break ones word 失信By word of mouth 口头上Eat ones words 收回所说Get in a word 插句话Have a word with 谈谈Have words with 吵架In a word 总之In other words 换言之In words 用言语Keep ones word 遵守诺言Word came that . 有消息说Word for word 逐次词逐句地 16build vt（身体）长得（被动）：增强体质（up) He is too slightly built for hard work Our maths teacher is not very tall but he is healthily built You should build up your body yourself now，if you want to be a success in the future Exercise builds up the muscles17take in留（某人）住宿；包含；把（衣服）改窄；充分理解；欺骗；吸收 He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take hint in This is the total cost of the holiday，、along everything in My dress is bit loose round the waistCould you take it in for me? It took me a long time to take in what you were saying Dont be taken in by his promises This kind of paper takes in ink quickly.18辨析learn /stud 表示“学习”，有时可以互换： We are studying/learning English 表示“向学习”，只能用learn,不用study： Learn from rade Lei Feng 用作不及物动词，表示学习时，只用study: He studied abroad xx study还可以表示“仔细看” ( look at carefully），这时不用learn： He studied the map and smiled learn可用作及物动词，表示“了解到”study没有这种含义： He soon learn，that a professor would e to give a report.19learn短语Learn about 了解Learn from sb. 向某人学习Learn .from sb. 从某人那里得知Learn of .得知Learn .by heart 熟记，背诵 Scientists are trying to learn more about the ocean We should learn from rade Lei Feng I learnt the clews from MrWang I learned of her lung cancer this morning Class，please learn this paragraph by heart20dress up盛装；打扮；装饰 A lot of young people dont want to dress up for work She dressed her girl up for the festival21Conflict v冲突；争执；抵触n冲突，战斗；争论，抵触Conflict with 与冲突e into conflict 与（某人）发生争执In conflict with 与（某人）意见不一致In conflict 有矛盾，不一致 Do British laws conflict with any international laws？ There is some research that conflicts with this view The workers are in conflict with the boss22in ones opinion/in the opinion of依照某人的看法 In my opinion autumn is the most beautiful season In the opinion of most people，that was the right thing to do 辨析opinion/idea/thought opinion表示对争论或讨论的问题事先所持有的“看法”： I have no opinion on this subject Whats your opinion of the new president？ idea指通过感觉和想象，在头脑中对某一事物所形成的“看 法，思想，概念”，可以用于指各种思想活动： The idea of death is frightening to some people thought指“思考”，或通过推论，而不是单凭直观形成的“思想，想法”： He sat there，deep in thought23honour vt尊敬；纪念；给予荣誉n荣誉；尊敬Do/show honour to n. 向某人致意；尊敬某人In honour of 为纪念；为了向表示敬意Be honoured for 因而受到尊敬 Miss Li was honoured for her excellent teaching We must show honour to the old We shall give dinner in honour of the foreign guests The day was kept as a holiday in honour of the victory I had the honour of being invited to the party24辨析nation/country/state nation着重指人民，因此也可译作“民族，国民（总称）”： the Chinese nation中华民族 The President spoke on TV to the nation country着重指疆土、国土、家园： Germany and France are European countries China is a socialist country state着重指政权、国家机器： a head of state国家元首 Railways in China belong to the state25. faith n信仰、信任、信念Have faith in 相信、信任Lose faith in 对失去信心 Faith can move mountains.精诚所至，金石为开： Have you any faith in what he said？ Ive lost faith in that fellow高考样题例释1（xx年天津）How often do you eat out? 一 _ but usually once a week AHave no idea BIt depends CAs usual DGenerally speaking 【解析】答案为B。It depends“视情况而定”。2（xx年江苏）More patients_ in hospital this year than last year. Atreated Bhave treated Chad been treated Dhave been treated 【解析】答案为D。this year今年以来，指年初到现在（年末），用完成时。3(xx年全国)Why don t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days A. be stayed Bstay Cbe staying Dhave stayed 【解析】答案为B。本题考查动词stay的用法及时态与语态。由fresh可知stay应表示“保持（某种状态）”，是系动词，不能用于被动语态，可排除A。根据前句的语境，后一个句子表示的是将来某一段时间内存在的状态，应用一般将来时，故答案为B。单选高考模拟1Could it be in the restaurant in_ you had dinner with me yesterday_ you left behind your keys and wallet？ Athat；which Bwhich：that Cwhere；that Dthat；where2You were_ at the meeting，but to our disappointment, you didnt . Ahoped：e out Bwanted；turn out Cinvited；e up Dexpected：turn up3一I went to see you at about ten this morning，but you were not in the office Oh，that was probably_ I was talking with the head master Awhen Bwhy Cwhat Dthat4What are Johnsons family like？_. ATheyre all warm-hearted and thoughtful BOh，its a very big one CThey all like sports and games DHis family is very similar to mine5Are all the names of your class here_ ? Yes，all _ mine Alisted；included Blisting; includes Clisted；including hbeing listed; being included6.Karl Marx first developed_ political theory known as _munism Aa；a Bthe；the Cthe；不填Da；不填7Dont talk with your mouth full！Where are your _ ? Apolitenesses Bmanners Cfoods Ddishes8What is that building?一_the students have their dance classes AThe building that BThere are CThats the building which DThats where9Are you going to watch TV now?一_. AI would if I had the time BIm sorry厂There is no answer CAll right Thank you DYes. I agree with you10They decided to drive the cattle away_ they did more damage A. until Bunless Cbefore Dalthough全真模拟训练一、单项填空1I was _ supper while my mother was _ supper when he came in Apreparing for；preparing for B preparing；preparing for Cpreparing for；preparing Dpreparing；preparing2The salesman scolded the girl_ and let her off A. caught to steal B. caught stealing Ccaught to have stolen Dcaught to be stealing3I wonder why they were so easily _ by his story Ataken in Btaken into Ctaken on Dtaken up4You _ the same mistake again and again A. always make B. always are making Care always making Dare always made5The _ for which he wanted to _ with them is still unknown Areason：cause Bcause：reason Creason；reason Dcame；cause6We all think that taking more exercise every day will prevent you weight Ato put up Bputting up Cto put on Dputting on7The doctor advised me not to eat fruit that isnt ripe_ Ain the future Bin future Cfor future Dfor the future8It was his _ to take a walk along the river after supper Away Bcustom Chabit Dinterest9The fire spread throught the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out Ahad Bwould Ccould Dwas able to10After school，on my way home，I found that a lot of_ grass on the hillside Acattles were eating Bcattles was feeding Ccattle were eating Dcattle was feeding11Little Tom seemed to be unable to _ what the teacher was saying in class Atake on Btake in Ctake down Dtake off12All of us have got _ his ability to succeed Aa great faith in Bgreat faith at Cgreat faith for Dgreat faith in13As an engineer，he _ with the development of science and technology Acatches up B. keeps up Cgets up Des up14The tourist industry has _ a variety of jobs Ainvented Bdeveloped Cdiscovered Dcreated15The policeman asked me how the accident_ Abrought in Bbrought out Ccame about Dcame by二、完形填空 Are you left-handed？if、，did your childhood friends 1 at you? Did your parents 2 you to use your right hand？Did you have tools that felt 3 when you used them？Most people（about87-90）are right-handed， 4 many people think left-handed people are different， 5 strange Almost every culture has images（印象）of negativity（否定）or worthlessness 6 left-handednessIn English，the word“left” itself 7 an ancient word for“worthless”or“weak”In many cultures，ceremonies（仪式） 8 to death or dead people are done only with the left handAnd in cultures where food is eaten 9 hand，the left hand is thought to be dirty and not to be used for 10 11 If you are left-handed，you have probably 12 you have some 13 Left-handers are better than right-handers at using both hands 14 well，for example. This is very useful in many sports and in some jobs 15 special skills. 16 you be happy or sad if you are left-handed? These days, most people 17 left handedness so life is easier for you now. Today, for example，you can buy left-handed tools, sports equipment，and musical instruments. But 18 are still not equalIn the United States，right-handed people live to as average age of 75，but left-handers die 19 an average of 66Left=handed people die in accidents nearly six times more often than right-handed peopleIt seems that living with right-handers really is a disadvantage for left-handers. So left-handers，be 20 . 1A. smile B. look C. shout D. laugh2A. ask B. tell C. teach D. call3A. mon B. usual C. fortable Dstrange4. A. so B. but C. for D. then5A. still B. rather C. even D. quite6A. stuck to Bgot to Cconnected to Dadded to7A. es across B. es from C. es to D. es on8. A. related B. referred to C. led to D. belonged to9A. with B. by C. in D. in10A. drinking Bwriting C. doing Deating11A. So B. For C. But D. Yet12A. saw B. watched C. looked D. found13A. skills B. mistakes C. pains D. advantages14A. mostly Bfairly C. equally D. partly15A. practising B. needing C. lacking Dlearning16A. Should B. Will C. May D. Can17A. receive Bfind Caccept Dadmit18A. chances B. things C. lucksD. jobs19A. to B. in C. at D. by20A. careless B. hopeless C. hopeful D. careful三、阅读理解 A Old age in the United States presents many problems and opportunities（chances)As a result of improved medical services，people live longer than they used to. This increase in longevity（length of life）creates a wide range(范围）of social needs that didnt exist when the average life expectancy（估计寿命） was lowerThe specialty of gerontology （老年医学）has opened research areas and careers(职业）related only to the elderly.Because of the fact that a family has bee smaller than before，the elderly have to create a way of life separated from basical1y small family units. This situation is plicated （变得复杂）by the fact that many of their friends may have died and their children have moved away.The elderly person must set up a new life. Often, the elderly must live on a fixed ine Social Security (社会保障制度)and pensions (养老金)and gradually being smaller savings. While some live with their children, many more live by themselves, with a friend, or in a nursing home. However, the increasing proportion（比例）of elderly people has given them a new political power. They have formed some organizations to voice their own needs and demands to local and federal governments. They often ask the members of the government to vote for increasing Social Security benefits（资金）,better health care，ine tax benefits, and rent controls. All this has enabled the public to realize the determination of the elderly to show their ability to deal effectively with own lives. 1Which of the following expressions can be explained the word“presents” in the first paragraph? A. Gives sb. sth. BPuts forward sth. to be considered and accepted or refused. C. Appears and is present at. D. None of the above.2For the main idea of Paragraph 1，which of the following is the best choice? A. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 BThe second sentence. C. The third sentence. D. The fourth sentence. 3With the changes in. the family structure elderly people have to live in new ways, What are the new ways mentioned in this passage?A. To live on Social Security and pensions and their savings which are being smaller. BTo live with their children or with a friend C. To live by themselves or in a nursing home D. All of the above.4From the following statements, choose the one that is most probably the main idea of the passage A. Old age in the United States presents many problems and opportunities. BBecause of changes in the family structure，the elderly have to create a way of life separated from basically small family units. C. The elderly person must set up a new life. DThe increasing proportion of elderly people has given them a new political power. BSir， The majority of your readers must have been surprised and shocked to read a letter from MrR. Hogg，published in last Wednesdays Herald. Mr. Hogg seems to think that his own convenience and that of motorists in general are the only things that matter in our city. I would have more sympathy（同情）with Mr. Hogg if he just made suggestions to, improve the situation. No doubt his problems would be partly solved if the local government built a multi-storey car park in the city centre，instead of encouraging motorists to use public transport. All the same judging from the. tone of Mr. Hoggsletter，I suspect that motorists who are so careless of pedestrians（行人）safety that they would rather park their cars on the pavement than hold up the traffic would probably be too lazy to use a multi-storey car park if they had to walk a few hundred yards to，heir destination(目的地）afterwards. My main reason for writing，however，is much more importantDoes Mr Hogg realize that，according to figures issued by the Department of Transport，13，000 people were knocked down in Britain last year because of cars being illegally parked either on the pavement or on crossing? In fact，although the total pedestrian casualty（伤亡事故）rate has fallen over the last ten years, there has been an increase in accidents caused when pedestrians have to step out into the road to avoid parked cars on the pavement and cannot see oning traffic I cannot share MrHoggs view that the government have paid little attention to long suffering motorists，and I think the punishment for dangerous parking should be made severe enough to