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走向高考 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版(课标卷地区) 高考总复习,Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars,必修三,第一部分 基础知识聚焦,1orbit n轨道 2astronaut n航天员 3phenomenon n现象 4technology n技术 5astronomy n天文学 6spacewalk n太空行走 7explore vt.探险；考察 8launch vt.发射 9advanced adj.先进的,10solar activity 太阳活动 11launch a satellite 发射卫星 12manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船 13play an important part in 在中起重要作用 14a space travel 太空之旅 15a black hole 黑洞,(2013广东)你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇时事快讯。 写作内容请根据以下信息，写一篇关于移民火星的快讯。 志愿者的选拔：到2015年，在全球选出约30名去火星的志愿者。 志愿者的条件：至少18岁；做好不回地球的准备；愿与他人保持良好的关系。,专家观点：火星生活条件太艰苦；面临严寒气候、孤独和恐惧。 志愿者观点：厌倦地球生活，想体验火星生活；如果成功，就是人类英雄。 *火星：the Mars 写作要求只能用5个句子表达全部内容。 评分标准句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。,选拔范围、目的地About thirty volunteers will be chosen all over the world and be sent to the Mars in 2015. 志愿者的条件Those volunteers, who must be willing to get along well with others, should be at least 18 and be prepared for the chance that he/she wont return to the earth. 专家观点Experts think that it is tough for human beings to live on the Mars, because they will face the bitter cold weather, loneliness and fear. 志愿者的观点However, some volunteers say that they are tired of the life on the earth，and want to experience the new life on the Mars. They also think that if they succeed，they will be heroes of the human.,.完成句子 1我说服他不做这样危险的太空之旅。 I argued him out of going on such a dangerous space travel. 2我们通常用来描述科学现象的现有术语在这里不够用。 The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.,3天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞，但没有什么物质能从黑洞中逃脱。 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 4由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞的能量为人类服务。 Very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.,.句型转换 1把句改为简单句(第一分句改为不定式作定语)。 About thirty volunteers to be chosen all over the world will be sent to the Mars in 2015. 2把句中的定语从句改为形容词作后置定语。 Those volunteers, willing to get along well with others，should be at least 18 and be prepared for the chance that he/she wont return to the earth.,3强调句中的画线部分。 It is because they will face the bitter cold weather, loneliness and fear that experts think that it is tough for human beings to live on the Mars. 4用句型The reason why.is that.改写句中的画线部分。 The reason why they want to experience the new life on the Mars is that they are tired of the life on the earth.,.单词速记 A识记单词 1_ (n.) 系统；体系；制度 2_ (n.) 学说；理论 3_ (n.) 大气层；气氛 4_ (adv.) 因此；于是 5_ (n. & vt.) 拉(力)；拖；牵引力 6_ (vi. & vt.) (使)浮动；(使)漂浮 (n.) 漂浮物,system theory atmosphere thus pull float,B联想串记 7_ (adj.)猛烈的_ (n.)暴力_ (adv.)猛烈地 8_ (prep.)不同；不像_ (反义词)(prep.)像_ (v. & n)不喜欢 9_ (adj.)有害的_ (n.)害处 (vt.)对有害 10_ (vi.)存在；生存_ (n.)存在 11_ (vt. & vi.)(使)迷惑；(使)为难 (n.)谜；难题_ (adj.)迷惑不解的,violent,violence,violently,unlike,like,dislike,harmful,harm,exist,existence,puzzle,puzzled,.短语互译 1及时；终于 _ 2轮到某人；接着 _ 3阻止；制止 _ 4感到高兴；感到振奋 _ 5突发；爆发 _ 6密切注意；当心；提防 _ 7lay eggs _ 8give birth to _ 9now that _ 10block out _,in time in ones turn prevent.from cheer up break out watch out for 下蛋 产生；分娩 既然 挡住(光线),.典句析练 1“so.that.”句型 The earth _ (变得如此猛烈以至于) it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 【仿写】这个故事如此有趣以至于我们都沉浸其中。 The story _ we were all lost in it.,2“make it possible to do sth.”结构 This produced a chain reaction，which _ (使生命的发展成为可能) 【仿写】在它里面所包含的国内及国际新闻使我们了解一周来发生的所有的重要事件成为可能。 Both national and international news in it _ all important things that have happened during the week.,3“倍数asadj./adv.as”句型 But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried _ (是地球上的两倍远) and fell over. 【仿写】新技术被引进后，这个工厂2015年生产的机器是去年的两倍。 After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _.,4now that引导的原因状语从句 Walking does need a bit of practice _ (既然地球引力已发生了变化) 【仿写】既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？ _， why not have a try?,答案：1.became so violent that; was so interesting that 2made it possible for life to develop；make it possible for us to learn 3twice as far as on the earth; twice as many machines in 2015 as last year 4now that gravity has changed; Now that it benefits us so much,.课文缩写语法填空 The _1_(explode) of the earth produced water vapour，which turned into water when the earth _2_(cool) down. Water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. That made _3_ possible for life to begin to develop. The _4_(arrive) of small plants encouraged the _5_(develop) of early shellfish and all _6_ of fish. Many millions of years _7_(late) the first green plants began to appear on land. Later land animals appeared.,Some were insects. Others, called amphibians，_8_(be) able to live on land as well as in the water. Finally, some small clever animals appeared and spread all over the earth. But they treat the planet in an _9_(friend) way，and the earth becomes too _10_(pollute) 答案：1.explosion 2.cooled 3.it 4.arrival 5.development 6sorts 7.later 8.were 9.unfriendly 10.polluted,1exist vi.存在；生存 教材原句They laid eggs and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26) 它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了14000多万年。,方法规律exist永远是一个不及物动词，exist on和live on同义，exist in和lie in同义。 They cant _ _ the money hes earning. 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。 _ _ huge animals on the earth a long time ago. 很久以前地球上存在着体形庞大的动物。 It has been _ _ for more than 500 years. 它已经存在500多年了。,Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth _ _ _. 现在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何时产生的。 答案：exist on There existed in existence came into existence,2puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困；感到迷惑 n(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜 教材原句How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.(P27) 地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。,The _ look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said. 她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。 But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really _ him. 但是他的好奇心难以控制，这台新电脑也确实使他费解。 Im _ _ _ as to what to do next. 对于下一步该做什么我不知道。 I saw him _ _ a _ math problem. 我看见他正在苦苦思考一道令人不解的数学题。 答案：puzzled puzzled in a puzzle puzzling over/about；puzzling,3pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 教材原句As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.(P30) 随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。,I pulled _ my mobile phone to read a text message from my mom. 我拿出手机读妈妈发的短信。 His house was pulled _ by fire. 他的房子被大火烧毁了。 He pulled _ his coat and joined us in the work. 他脱去上衣，便和我们一起干了起来。 The police car signaled to us to pull _. 警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。 答案：out down off in,1in time 及时；终于 观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义。 Andy knew he could not reach the house in time.( ) Youll succeed in time because you are always working hard.( ) Working hard made him successful in time.( ),The doctor came _ _ to save her life. 医生及时赶到救了她的命。,Dont recite all together; one _ _ _. 不要一起背诵，一次一个。 _ _ _ will smoking be permitted here. 这里绝不允许吸烟。 答案：及时 迟早 终于 in time at a time At no time,2prevent.from.阻止；制止 方法规律(1)在主动语态中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep.from doing sth.中的from不可省略。 (2)在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。,The heavy rain _ _ _ _ on with our work. 大雨阻止了我们继续工作。 A possible war _ finally _ _ breaking out with their effort. 一场可能的战争最终由于他们的努力而避免了。 The farmers _ wheat _ heavy rain with rain clothes. 农民们用雨布遮住小麦以防被大雨浇坏。 答案：prevented/stopped/kept us from going was；prevented/stopped/kept from protect；from,3cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋 Give Mary a call; she needs _ _. 给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。 When Im feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories _ _ _ _. 当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。,What we had done was to _ our team _. 我们所做的一切都是为了给我们的队加油。 Cheers,_my friends. 干杯，朋友们。 答案：cheering up to cheer me up cheer；on,4now that既然 既然你已经决定去做，那么你就应该把它做好。 _， you should do it well. 既然这些问题已经解决，让我们进入下一个吧。 _， lets come to the next. 方法规律now that相当于since，是连词词组，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中经常省略that，只用now，这时now已经失去了“现在”的含义。 答案：Now that you have decided to do it Now that the problems have been settled/solved,5break out (战争，火灾，疾病)突发；爆发,The civil war in Syria _ _ a year ago and it still continues. 叙利亚内战一年前爆发了，现在仍在持续。 We should _ _ _ old concepts and respect the peoples pioneering spirit. 我们既要冲破旧的思想禁锢又要尊重群众的首创精神。 The peace talks _ _ without any agreement reached. 和谈失败了，没有达成任何协议。 答案：broke out break away from broke down,6watch out (for)留神；密切注意，留意；小心(某物)，提防,_ _ _ a man in a black hat. 注意一个戴黑帽子的男人。 The dog _ _ his masters house while the master was away. 主人不在时这条狗为它的主人看家。 答案：Watch out for watches over,1make宾语宾语补足语 教材原句This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.(P32) 这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。,句式分析句中it为形式宾语，真正宾语为to develop，for life是不定式的逻辑主语。 Mastering the technology _ the Internet more effectively. 精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。 Spaceships _ to the moon. 宇宙飞船使去月球旅行成为可能。,During this week, _ to jog every day. 在这一周当中一定要养成天天进行慢跑的习惯。 I have discovered that it _. 我发现那让他们感到高兴。,The teacher raised his voice so that he could _. 老师提高了嗓音以便于被别人听到。 答案：makes it possible for us to use make it possible to travel make it a rule makes them happy make himself heard,2倍数的表达句式 教材原句But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31) 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 句式分析句中twice as far as是倍数表达法之一，在句中作比较状语。 名师点拨 两倍用twice或double，不到一倍用分数表示，三倍或三倍以上一般用times来表示。,方法规律倍数的表达方式 “A倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanB”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。 “A倍数as形容词或副词的原级asB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 “A倍数the size/height/length/width，depth.ofB”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 A倍数what从句,This table is _ that one. This table is _ that one. This table is _ that one. 这张桌子是那张的3倍大。 They have _ cows _ we have. 他们的牛是我们的三倍。 The newlybuilt museum is _. 这座新建的博物馆是原来的3倍大。 答案：twice bigger than；3 times as big as；3 times the size of three times as many；as three times what it was,主语从句 1_ he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting. 答案：What 考查主语从句。句意：他认为很好的一个提议在会议上被老板否定了。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，不指人，故填what。 2_ is known to all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times. 答案：What 考查名词性从句。句意：钓鱼岛自古就属于中国，这是大家都知道的。what引导的是主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。,3What has made John look like lacking sleep? _ he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night. 答案：That 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，答语是回答上面句子中的主语“What”的，故此句是一个主语从句，缺少引导词，而引导词在从句中不充当成分，故用“That”。,4It remains to be seen _ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 答案：whether 考查主语从句。句意：这个计划是否足够实用，以使这个项目继续下去还有待观察。it是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。whether“是否”，符合句意。 5It makes his life quite different _ he has received higher education abroad. 答案：that 考查主语从句。本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是“that he has received higher education abroad”。,1(2014山东改编)Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 答案：it 本题考查代词的运用。句意：苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。分析句子结构可以看出，该句中包含一个that引导的从句，而且根据语境可知，that从句的内容就是苏珊向我表明的事情，所以后置的that从句实际上是made的真正宾语，故用形式宾语it指代that从句。,2(2013陕西改编)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will _ time. 答案：in 句意：经理想要看到公司的改变，我确信他迟早会看到的。in time“及时；最后，迟早”，符合题意。 3(2013陕西改编)It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. 答案：whether 本题考查名词性从句。句意：那仍然得看新形成的委员会政策能否付诸实践。It在此为形式主语，故seen后为真正的主语从句，又由remains to be seen可知存在不确定的意思，所以用whether是否。,4The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a _(friend) atmosphere. 答案：friendly 句意：两国高层领导人在友好的氛围(atmosphere)中进行谈判。 5(2012江苏改编)Thank God youre safe! I stepped back, just in time _(avoid) the racing car. 答案：to avoid 答语句意：我退后了一步，正好避开了奔跑的汽车。in time to do sth.“正赶上做某事”。,6(2013安徽改编)Its said that the power plant is now _ twice large as what it was. 答案：as 本题考查倍数的表达法。句意：据说这个发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。“倍数as.as”是倍数的表达法，意为“是的几倍”，其中as.as之间要用原级。,
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