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Unit 4,Grammar and usage,Language styles,What is formal style and what is informal style? What situations can they be used?,Complex sentence structures, including the passive voice and subordinate clauses, as well as abstract nouns in the formal style of English. And simple sentence structures and active voice may often be used in the informal style. A lot of colloquial language and contractions may be found as well.,Compare the following two texts and try to decide which is formal and which is informal.,Text 1,A: Hi, Mike. Its Alices birthday tomorrow. Shall we buy her a present?,B: Yes, of course, what about some flowers?,A: Flowers are lovely. But Id prefer to get her a CD. You know she loves music.,B: Good idea.,Text 2,A: Good morning, Mr Smith. The report is finished. Shall I present it to you?,B: Please give it to me in an hour. I have a meeting with some customers about our new product.,A: I am sorry to interrupt you. Please inform me when you are finished and have time to look at the report.,B: Yes, I will.,use simple sentence structures; the active voice; less formal language and contractions,use the passive voice; a formal setting,Text 1,Text 2,A. a telephone conversation with a friend B. a telephone call to a teacher C. an e-mail to a penfriend D. a presentation to the class E. a job interview F. a scientific report G. the entertainment section of a newspaper H. an application letter for a job I. a note to your mum J. a chat with your next door neighbour,Sort the following situations into spoken and written language:,B D E,A J,F H,C I G,Rank the following sentences in order of formality, (1) being the most formal and (6) the least formal.,Hey, youshut the door! Would you be so kind as to shut the door, please? Visitors are requested to shut the door quietly when leaving the building. By order of the headmaster, these doors must be kept shut at all times. Please shut the door. Would you mind shutting the door?,(6),(3),(1),(2),(5),(4),Be quiet. Could I trouble you to turn the volume on the radio down a little, please? Visitors are politely requested to keep their voices down at all times. Shut up! Silence is requested in this area while the examinations are being given. Please stop talking!,(5),(3),(1),(6),(2),(4),Language points,1. soas to: 如此以致 , 表示结果,He got up so early as to catch the early bus.,他起得如此早以致赶上了早班车。,sothat: 如此以致, 引导结果状语从句,He got up so early that he caught the early bus.,so as to: 为了，相当于in order to, 但so as to不能用于句首。,so that: 为了，引导目的状语从句； 以致，引导结果状语从句。,He got up very early so as to catch the early bus.,He got up very early so that he could catch the early bus.,他起得非常早以便可以赶上早班车。,He got up very early so that he caught the early bus.,他起得非常早以致赶上了早班车。,2. at all times: 无论何时，一直,at times: 有时，不时,at a time: 每次， 一次,at one time: 曾经，一度,at the same time: 同时,You should be ready at all times for the coming examination.,你随时要为即将到来的考试做准备。,He wrote to me at times when he was abroad.,他在国外时会不时地给我写信。,You can borrow two books at a time on the condition that you return them on time.,你每次可以借两本书只要你准时归还。,We were good friends at one time.,我们曾经是好朋友。,Your performance in the driving test didnt reach required standard, _, you failed.,in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time,典型题例,3. mind: v. 介意，反对，常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中。,Do you think hed mind if I borrowed his book?,你认为如果我借他的书他会介意吗?,+ ing form of verb I dont mind having a dog in the house so long as its clean.,我不介意在家里养只狗,只要它干净。,Thank you!,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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