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Unit5Meetingyourancestors,知识归纳,1._n.可能的选择adj.供选择的;其他的2._n.挨饿;饿死3._adj.有观察力的;敏锐的;严重的;深刻的4._vt.假定;设想5._adv.不管;不顾6._adj.足够的;充足的;富裕的,starvation,assume,regardless,ample,alternative,acute,(一)基本单词,知识清单,7._adj.凌乱的;脏的8._n.植物学10._vt.删;删除11._n.痕迹;搔;挠vt.抓;擦伤;刮坏12._n.幼儿园13._vt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留,botany,messy,delete,kindergarten,scratch,arrest,14.primitiveadj._15.analysisn._16.significancen._17.academyn._18.yogurtn._19.wrinklen._20.applaudvi._21.acceleratevi.vt._,原始的;远古的;简陋的,分析,意义;意思;重要性,学院;学会;学术团体,酸奶;酸乳酪,皱纹,鼓掌欢迎;赞赏,加速;促进,1.accuracyn.精确;准确_adj.精确的;准确的_adv.精确地;准确地_n.错误,inaccuracy,accurate,accurately,(二)派生单词,2.interruptv.打断(讲话);打岔;暂时中止或中断_n.中止,中断;阻拦物,障碍物_n.打断者,阻碍者_搭配不中断地,withoutinterruption,interruption,interrupter,3.sharpadj.锋利的;尖锐的;急剧的_adv.锐利地;急剧地_n.锐利_v.削尖;(使)尖锐_n.削具;磨具,sharpener,sharply,sharpness,sharpen,4.skilln.技巧;熟练_adj.有技巧的;熟练的_adv.巧妙地,技术好的_adj.有能力的,熟练的,skilled,skillful,skillfully,1.不顾;不管_2.遭受;患病;受苦_3.把和对比_4.带某人到处参观_5.对感兴趣_,regardlessof,sufferfrom,pare.with.,showsb.round,beinterestedin,(三)短语,6.御寒;挡住寒气_7.最多;至多_8.切碎_9.向前看;为将来打算_10.追溯到_11.在乎;担心_,keepoutthecold,atmost,cutup,dateback,careabout,lookahead,12.lookverymuchlike_13.usedtodo_14.gatherforreunions_15.lieinwait(forsb.)_16.beedizzywithhunger_,看起来很像,过去常做,团聚,隐蔽静候以出人不意,饿得头昏眼花,17.scoopup_18.pullout_19.withrelief_20.nowandthen_21.onesspiritsrise_,某人的情绪高涨起来,搂起来,拖出来,宽慰地,不时地,1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了。ifonly用在虚拟语气中,用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。,(四)句式,2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.突然间她坐了下去,但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。onlytodo/be(结果)却,3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我们一直在挖一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。havebeenexcavating现在完成进行时,1.alternativen.可能的选择adj.供选择的;其他的课文原句:Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday？你能想到我们今天使用的替代品吗？【归纳】havenoalternativebuttodosth.别无选择只好做某事,核心要点,(一)单词,theresnoalternative.别无选择analternativeto.的替代品【点拨】表示“别无选择,只得”的表达方式还有：havenochoicebuttodo;cantchoosebutdo;cant(help)butdo;candonothingbutdo【拓展】alternativelyadv.可供选择地,用所给动词的适当形式填空(admit)。Hehadnoalternativebut_thathewaswrong.Hehadnochoicebut_thathewaswrong.Hecoulddonothingbut_thathewaswrong.他除了承认他错了别无选择。,toadmit,toadmit,admit,2.interruptvt.阻隔物withoutinterruption连续地,不断地,interrupt打断,中断他人的语言或行为,使其不能继续。disturb扰乱,使人不能平衡或者扰乱别人工作、思维或正常秩序,是程度较深的烦恼。bother扰乱某人心绪而使人不能专心或专一。,interrupt/disturb/bother,选择interrupt,disturb,bother的正确形式填空。1)Shewas_tohearofyourillness.2)Imsorryto_themeeting,butthereisanurgentlong-distancecallforMr.Zhou.,disturbed,interrupt,3)Dont_yourselftoomuchaboutme.4)We_inthemiddleofourconversation.,bother,wereinterrupted,3.assumevt.假定;设想课文原句:Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.因此,我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒,就住在这些洞穴里。【归纳】assumesb./sth.tobe假定/假设某人/某事为assumethat.设想,假定Itisassumedthat.被认为,【拓展】assumptionn.假定,假设,设想makeanassumption认为,假定ontheassumptionthat假定,【运用】1)_(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?假如下雨的话,我们该怎么办？2)_thatshoppingontheInternetisnotperfect.人们认为网上购物是不完美的。,Assuming,Itisassumed,4.significancen.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义课文原句:Hisuniversitywasawareofthesignificanceofhiswork.他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。【归纳】thesignificanceof.的重要性/含义beof(great)significance有(重大)意义/(非常)重要beofnosignificance无意义/不重要beoflittlesignificance不太重要,【拓展】significantadj.有(重大)意义/(非常)重要,【运用】1)TheirchangeofplanisstrangebutIthinkits_nosignificance.他们改变了计划十分奇怪,但我觉得没什么意义。2)Iattach_tothismatter.我很重视这件事。,of,muchsignificance,5.somehowadv.以方式,不知怎么地,不知为什么课文原句:SomehowhecycledthirtymilestoDrBlackbecausetherewasnoalternativemeansoftransport.不管怎么说,他骑车三十英里去向布莱克博士报告。因为在当时没有其他的交通工具。,6.applaudvt.鼓掌,称赞,赞成课文原句:Shehadfeltsoproudasthegroupshoutedloudlytoapplaudhischoice.当族人为大胡的选择欢呼鼓掌的时候,她觉得非常自豪。【归纳】applaudsb.forsth.因某事而赞扬某人applaudthedecision赞成某个决定【拓展】applausen.鼓掌欢迎,欢呼,7.arrestvt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留课文原句:Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.快到目的地的时候,一阵香气扑鼻,她不往前走了,停了下来。【归纳】arrestsb.for因逮捕某人getarrested遭逮捕arrestonesattention引起注意underarrest被捕makeanarrest进行拘捕,【运用】1)Hewasthefirst_drunkdriving.他是第一个因醉驾而被捕的人。2)ThenewelectioninAmerica_theworldsattention.美国的新大选吸引了世人的注意力。3)Herlaughter_andweallstaredather.她的笑声吸引了我们的注意,我们都盯着她看。,tobearrestedfor,arrested,arrestedourattention,1.regardlessof不管;不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)regardlessof/despite/inspiteofregardlessof.强调不认为重要,从而不加以重视或考虑;而despite和inspiteof有“尽管但是”之意。,(二)短语,regardlessof后可接whether,what引导的从句,而inspiteof和despite后不可接从句,接名词、代词或动名词。,【运用】_heisrightorwrong,wehavetofollowhisdecision.无论他是对还是错,我们必须遵守他的决定。,Regardlessof,2.befedupwith受够了;饱受;厌烦课文原句:Well,Imfedupwithalltheattentionand噢,我对这些关注感到厌烦，,【运用】1)Well,Im_(厌烦)alltheattentionofthepublic.2)Allanimalsincludingmen_(以为食)plantsorotheranimals.3)Youdbetter_(把这些新鲜的蔬菜喂给)thelittleboy.,fedupwith,feedon,feedthesefresh,vegetablesto,3.lookahead向前看;为将来打算课文原句:Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了！【归纳】lookat查看;思考,考虑;研究lookafter照看,照顾lookawayfrom把目光从移开lookaround参观,四处看看,环顾lookback回顾过去lookbackoveronesshoulder回头看,lookdownupon/on蔑视,瞧不起lookupto尊敬,钦佩lookforwardto期望,期待,盼望lookinto调查looklike看起来像lookon.as把看作lookout小心,当心,lookout小心,当心looksb.intheeye注视某人,直视某人lookthrough浏览,翻阅,审阅lookup查阅(词或资料)looksb.upanddown上下打量某人,4.datebackto=datefrom(+时间点)追溯到,从就有课文原句:AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.所有物品都来自三星堆遗址,它们能追溯到3000至5000年前。这个短语一般不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。但做后置定语时,常用现在分词。,【运用】1)Thisisanoldbuilding_the16thcentury.这是一栋可追溯至16世纪的古老建筑。2)Everydayanumberoftouriststakepicturesinthefrontofthetower,which_asearlyas800yearsago.每天都有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。,datingbackto,datesfrom,1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了。ifonly表示“要是就好了/但愿。,(三)句式,谓语动词用虚拟语气,表示与过去、现在和将来事实相反的愿望。ifonly.could/would/mightdo.表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)。ifonly.did.表示对与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。ifonly.haddone.表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。,【运用】1)IfonlyI_(follow)thedoctorsadvice!要是我听从了医生的建议该多好啊！2)Ifonlywe_(have)theopportunitytoworkinTibetnextyear.我们明年要是有机会去西藏工作就好了。,hadfollowed,couldhave,ifonly用来表达愿望,“但愿,要是就好了”,句中谓语动词要用虚拟,表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。onlyif由副词only和从属连词if组合而成,only仅起强调作用,“只有”,引导条件状语从句,不用虚拟语气。若其引导的从句置于句首,且与主语间没有逗号隔开,则主句用倒装语序。,ifonly/onlyif,e.g.Ifonlywecouldaffordtobuyaplaceofourown.OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywillIe.,2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.突然间她坐了下去,结果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了过来。onlytodo/be(结果)却不定式短语用作结果状语,表示意料之外或不符合说话人期望的结果。这种结构也常常在不定式前加上only来强调惊讶与失望。,3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。havebeenexcavating现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直延续到现在,或将继续延续至将来。,现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：现在完成时表示已经完成,而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去或者刚刚完成。如：Theyhavebuiltahouse.(完成)Theyhavebeenbuildingahouse.(尚未完成),4.Ourevidencesuggeststheydidindeedwearclothesmadeformanimalskins.我们的证据表明他们确实穿了用动物皮做成的衣服。suggest最常用有两个意思：1)提议;提出;建议,后接动词要用动词的ing形式,后接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气(“should+动词原形”,should常省略)。,后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气的词可记为：一个坚持：insist二个命令：mand,order四个建议:advise,suggest,remend,propose四个要求：ask,demand,request,require2)表明,显示,暗示;显出,后接宾语从句(不用虚拟语气)。,现在完成进行时,语法,【拓展】现在完成进行时与现在完成时相比,主要有三个特点：1.未完结性。现在完成时表示动作已完成,而现在完成进行时则常常具有未完成含义。2.短暂性。现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可表示延续至今的状态,但是现在完成进行时常常表示短暂性。如：TheyhavelivedinNewYork.（长期性）TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.（短暂性）,3.连续性或重复性。现在完成进行时常常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。如：Ivebeenknocking.Idontthinkanybodysin.,【即学即练】选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。1.We_(areworking/havebeenworking)onthisprojectforfourhours.Letshavearest.2.Joseph_(hasbeengoing/hasgone)toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcantsay“Whatsyourname?”inRussian.3.Imtiredout.I_(shopped/havebeenshopping)allafternoonandIdontseemtohavefinishedanything.,havebeenworking,hasbeengoing,havebeenshopping,4.Jack,youlooksotired!Well,I_(havepainted/havebeenpainting)thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.5.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI_(havebeencoughing/cough)alotlately.6.Wevespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.Well,itisntsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives_(areing/havebeening)aroundallthetime.,havebeenpainting,havebeen,coughing,havebeening,如何介绍文物古迹,写作,【写作任务】某英文报的“CulturalRelics”栏目正面向中学生征文。请根据提示信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍莫高窟(theMogaoCaves)。1.位于中国西部甘肃省敦煌市东南；2.始建于公元366年,后不断增补直至元代;,3.现存洞窟492个,壁画(mural)约45000平方米,彩塑(paintedsculpture)2415尊,展示了四到十四世纪伟大的佛教(Buddhist)艺术成就；4.1987年被列入世界遗产名录(WorldHeritageList)。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。,【写作指导】一、审题定调本写作任务要求介绍莫高窟，体裁属于说明文，故语言要简洁、准确、条理清楚又要突出特色。时态多用一般过去时和一般现在时，人称以第三人称为主。二、谋篇布局本写作可分为三部分：第一部分：介绍其位置和修建时间；第二部分：描写其规模；第三部分：说明其地位及影响。,三、就本写作而言,可围绕以下内容组织语言。1.第一部分：介绍其位置和修建时间。,2.第二部分：描写其规模。,3.第三部分：说明其地位及影响。,【参考范文】普通范文TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedintheyearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyshowthegreatachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldetoseethisoldmysteriousplace.,高级范文LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistorydatingbackto366AD.TheyweregenerallyacplishedintheYuanDynasty.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyrepresenttheoutstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.,巩固练习,I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Thecoursewillhelpstudents_(sharp)theirwritingskills.2.The_(accurate)ofthereportscannotbechecked.3.Thefarmersarewaitingfortheapplesto_(ripe).4.Astheworktendstobeabit_(mess)youllneedtowearoldclothes.,ripen,sharpen,accuracy,messy,5.Theresultsofthestudyhaveawider_(significant)foralltheprofession.6.A(n)_(analyze)ofdatafromAustraliashowsthatskincancerisontheincrease.7.Severalnew_(botany)specieshavebeendiscoveredinthelastyear.8.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof_(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.9.Theywentabouttheirbusinessina(n)_(system)way.,systematic,significance,analysis,botanical,starvation,II.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Howdidyoubreakyourarm?IslippedontheicewhileI_(cross)thestreetinfrontofthedorm.2.Iamsickofrainandbadweather!Hopefully,whenwe_(wake)uptomorrowmorning,thesun_(shine).,willbe,wascrossing,wake,shining,3.Hi,John.Youlookreallygreat!I_(work)outatthefitnesscenterrecently.4.BythetimeBill_(go)tobedtomorrow,he_(have)afulldayandwillbereadyforsleep.5.Peterisgoingtoleaveinhalfanhour.Hewillfinishallofhisworkbeforehe_(leave).,leaves,havebeenworking,goes,willhavehad,6.HowaboutgoingtoAlicesRestaurantfordinnerafterwork?Soundsgood.I_(meet)youtherearoundsix.7.Thomas_(begin)towritewhenhewaseighteen.Tillnow,altogether,he_(publish)sevennovels,threecollectionsofshortstoriesandabookofpoetry.8.There_(be)morethanfortypresidentsoftheUnitedStatessinceit_(bee)acountry.,became,willmeet,began,haspublished,havebeen,III.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。,TheremainsofDorchesterinSummerville,SouthCarolina,containoneofthemostpletearchaeological1._(record)ofcolonial(殖民时期的)Americaanywhere.Dorchesterdates2._to1697andwasfoundedbyagroupofNewEnglandPuritans(清教徒).Fornearlyacentury,traders,planters,artisans(skilfulpeoplewhomake,records,back,beautifulthingsbyhand)and3._(wealth)ownersoflocalplantationslivedinthevillage,4._eventuallybecameaninlandtradecenteronthenorthsideoftheAshleyRiver.AtthebeginningoftheRevolutionaryWar,Dorchesterbecameafortified(设防的)Americanpost,5._(brief)mandedbyFrancisMarion,knownastheSwampFox.TheBritishclaimedthepostnearthewarsend,only6._(turn),wealthy,toturn,which,briefly,itovertotheAmericansagain.Shortlyafterwards,thevillage7._(abandon)andleftinaruinousstateuntilarchaeologicalexcavationsbeganinthe1940s8._thencontinuedmoreformallyinthe1970s.SouthCarolinastatearchaeologistJonLeadersaysthatColonialDorchester“haseverything.”Thesite9._(host)publicarchaeologyexcavationsinthespringandfallthatvisitorscanobserveandevenparticipate,hosts,wasabandoned,and,in,andthereis10._indoorlabthatcanbevisitedinwinterandsummer.Itsalsoagreatsiteforapicnic.,an,
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