《语法专题训练》PPT课件.ppt

倒装结构,知识的殿堂,Thisisbecausewefeelpain,咱们出去走走，好吗?请让我核对一下帐单。充足的睡眠有益于健康。太阳从东方升起。这是因为我们能感到疼痛。,Letsgoforawalk,shallwe?,Pleaseletmecheckthebill.,Plentyofsleepishealthful,Thesuncomesupintheeast,CrazyEnglishSentences,倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中，整个谓语都放在主语的前面；在部分倒装的句子中，只是谓语中的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等）放在主语前面，其余部分仍放在主语后面。下面将常见的倒装情况分述如下：,1、倒装句之全部倒装,全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与现在时和一般过去时一般。常见的结构有：1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等，例如：Theregoesthebell./Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词，例如：Outrushedagroupofstudentsfromtheclassroom.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Herehecomes./Awaytheywent.,2、倒装句之部分倒装,部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidntleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.,典型例题WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime_inthemeeting-room.A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit,答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.,Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow,答案D.看到Notuntil的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。,3、以否定词开头作部分倒装如:Notonlybutalso,Hardly/Scarcelywhen,NosoonerthanNotonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.,典型例题Nosooner_thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun,答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonlybut(also),nosoonerthan,hardlywhenscarcelywhen等等。,注意：只有当Notonlybutalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonlybutalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.,4、so,neither,nor作部分倒装表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装，例如：TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.,典型例题-DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?-Idontknow,_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso,答案B。nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A.错在用dont再次否定，C.neither用法不对且缺乏连词。D.缺乏连词。,注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.“Itsraininghard.”“Soitis.”,5、as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前），例如：Oldasmyfatheris,hekeepsupwithhisEnglishstudy.Childasheis,heknowssomethingofelectricity.Tiredashewas,hecontinuedtowork.Youngasshewas,shewasalreadydirectorofafactory.Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.,注意：1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。2)让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。,6、only在句首要倒装的情况Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装，例如：Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.,7、其他部分倒装1)sothat句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：Mayyouallbehappy.3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,典型例题：1.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknewC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow2.NotuntilIbegantowork_howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.IdidntrealizeD.Irealize3.DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?Idontknow,_.A.nordontIcareB.nordoIcareC.IdontcareneitherD.Idontcarealso,答案为D。Notuntil引导的词组位于句首，后面的句子要倒装。答案为B。Notuntil引导从句位于句首，后面的主句要倒装。答案为B。句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由so,neither,nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。,倒装句考查热点归纳一、与only有关的倒装句1.(2004重庆)Ifailedinthefinalexaminationlasttermandonlythen_theimportanceofstudies.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize2.(2001北京)_canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard3.(2005福建)Onlyaftermyfriendcame_.A.didthecomputerrepairB.herepairedthecomputerC.wasthecomputerrepairedD.thecomputerwasrepaired4.(2001上海春季)Onlywhenthewarwasover_tohishometown.A.didtheyoungsoldierreturnB.theyoungsoldierreturnedC.returnedtheyoungsoldierD.theyoungsoldierdidreturn,C,D,C,A,5.(2003上海)Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked_.A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedin,解题要领：only引导的倒装句的结构是：only+副词介词短语状语从句+助动词+句子剩余部分。技巧点拨：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装；倒装是把助动词提前，而不是把谓语动词提前。同时还需考虑题目的时态及语态；倒装是指主句的语序倒装，only修饰的状语从句或句子中的其它附属从句语序不变。,D,二、与notonlybutalso有关的倒装句1.(1991上海卷)Notonly_polluted,but_crowded.A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;thestreetswereC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;werethestreets2.(2002上海春季卷)Notonly_interestedinfootballbut_beginningtoshowaninterest.A.theteacherhimselfis;allhisB.theteacherhimselfis;areallC.istheteacherhimself;areallD.istheteacherhimself;allhis3.(2004上海卷)_snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.A.NotonlytheyboughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring,C,D,B,解题要领：notonly引导的倒装句结构为：notonly+助动词+句子剩余部分。notonlybutalso在连接两个句子时，前面的句子要倒装，后面的句子不倒装。技巧点拨：识别此类题目干扰项的特点：两个句子都倒装；或者两个句子都不倒装；前面的句子不倒装，后面的句子倒装；缺少助动词。,三、与neither有关的倒装句1.(2004广东卷)Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither_anyendtotheirinfluenceonmanslives.A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere2.(2004全国卷)Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible._.A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI,C,B,解题要领：neithernor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。技巧点拨：neithernor引导的倒装结构为：neithernor+助动词+主语(therebe句型应为there)。,四、与否定副词有关的倒装句1.(1995全国卷)Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize2.(2000上海)Notasinglesong_atyesterdaysparty.A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingD.shedidsing3.(2000北京卷)IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmy1ife_sohappy.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfell,A,C,D,4.(2003全国卷)Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce_witheachother.A.theyhadquarreledB.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreledD.hadtheyquarreled5.(2005上海)Neverbefore_ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.A.hasthiscitybeenB.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscityD.thiscitywas6.(2005天津)TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_theyknowaboutGerman.A.haveB.didC.hadD.do,C,A,D,解题要领：否定词引导的倒装句的结构是：否定词+句子名词+助动词+句子剩余部分。考点延伸：类似的考点结构有：littleseldomhardlyoftenmanyatimerarelyinnowayscarcelyatnotimenowhere.+助动词+句子剩余部分；nosoonerhadthan(一就)；hardlyhadwhen(一就)等结构。,五、与as有关的倒装句1.(2001上海)_,IhaveneverseenanyonewhosascapableasJohn.A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch2.(2005重庆)_,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.Bea0uietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent3.(2005广东)_,Carolinacouldntgetthedooropen.A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry,C,B,A,解题要领：as引导的倒装句的结构是：形容词副词名词动词+as+主谓。技巧点拨：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词.,六、与虚拟条件句有关的倒装句1.(1994全国卷)_itraintomorrow，wewouldhavet0put0ffthevisittoYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will2.(1995上海卷)_forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot,B,C,解题要领：在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若省略了if，则直接把were,had或should等助动词放在句首。其余的句子成分顺序不改变。,七、与so有关的倒装句1.(2005全国卷III)Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,_.A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.JohndoesnttooD.nordoesJohn2.(2005湖北)Father,youpromised!Well,_.Butitwasyouwhodidntkeepyourwordfirst.A.sowasIB.sodidIC.so1wasD.soIdid3.(2005江苏)_aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.A.SocurionsthecouplewasB.SocuriouswerethecoupleC.HowcuriousthecouplewereD.Thecouplewassuchcurious,D,D,B,4.(2005辽宁)WellIdothinktherabbitisabeautiful，gentleanimalwhichcanrunveryflast._.A.SoitisB.SoisitC.SodoesitD.Soitdoes,A,八、与however有关的倒装句1.(1997全国卷)_,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateB.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis2.(2004上海春季)_,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing3.(2004湖北卷)Youshouldtrytogetagoodnightssleep_muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever,D,C,A,4.(2005天津)Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_difficultitwas.A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverD.although,A,解题要领：however倒装的结构为：however+形容词(名词)副词+从句主谓。其余的句子成分顺序不改变。考点延伸：类似的考点结构有：nomatterhow+形容词副词+从句主谓。例如：Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis,wemustmanagetosolveit.无论问题有多么困难，我们都必须设法解决。,5.(2005安徽)Maggiehadawonderfultimeattheparty._,andsodidI.A.SoshehadB.SohadsheC.SoshedidD.Sodidshe6.(2001上海)Sodifficult_ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel,C,D,解题要领：1.sothat引导的倒装句的结构为：so+形容词副词+主句助动词+句子剩余部分。注意：从句不倒装。2.若so放在句首，表示前面的肯定内容也适用于另一个人或物。其结构为：so+助动词+主语(therebe句型应为there)。注意：“so+主语+助动词”这一结构的意思是：确实这样。考点延伸：类似的考点结构有：suchthat引导的倒装句。其结构为：such+aan+形容词+名词+主句助动词+句子剩余部分。例如：Suchadifficultproblemisitthatnoonecanworkitout。这道题如此之难，没有一个人能算出来。,Good-bye!,