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句型式语法教学教学设计-非谓语动词I教材分析: 本节课为语法课,学习非谓语动词各种形式及其用法;非谓语动词作主、宾、表、定、状、补语等的用法;掌握可以用非谓语动词作宾语的词;复合结构及独立结构的构成和用法。教师通过特殊句型的展示,让学生分析句子中所包含的非谓语动词的语法规则,总结并掌握其语法规则的使用,以练习题的形式检验掌握的结果。II教学重点难点: 1.不定式的基本用法; 2.现在分词和过去分词的区别; 3.非谓语动词作定语、宾补、状语的用法; 4.非谓语动词作定语、宾补、状语的用法III三维目标:1. 知识技能目标:帮助学生理清非谓语动词的基本含义,在句子中所起的成分以及在句子中的使用方法。让学生学会总结并掌握语法规则。根据新课标,要求学生掌握并能运用进行时,并能够通过“输出”环节表达出来。2. 过程方法目标:鼓励学生积极参加课堂活动,体现以学生为中心的课堂教学目标。通过学生个人探究和小组合作学习让学生更好地融入课堂教学。3. 情感态度目标:通过这节课的学习,让学生参与课堂,总结要点,从而增强学生学习英语的兴趣和自信心IV教学方法:语法翻译法,归纳总结法,讨论法,发现法V教学过程:(I)Leading inQuestion 1:什么是非谓语动词? 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式动名词,不定式和分词包括现在分词和过去分词即:动名词:doing ;不定式:to do;分词:doing doneQuestion2:非谓语动词的时态与语态1)、不定式时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be dong无2)、动名词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done3)、分词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneHe came hereto borrow a book.I pretendedto be readingwhen mother came in.She is saidto have been sentto europe on businessBeinga student, he was interested in books.Having donehis homework, he went to bed.The questionbeing discussedis important.否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词注:1.动词不定式的一般式:所表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行;动词不定式进行式:所表示的动作正在进行;动词不定式完成式:所表示的动作则在谓语动词的动作之前发生。2.动词ing的一般式:所表示的动作在谓语动词之前、后或同时进行要看语境;动词ing的完成式:所表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生。 Question3 非谓语动词的句法功能主语宾语表语定语状语补语动名词不定式分词Ask the students to look through the form and decide how to finsh it.(a reminded question )II.Explanation(通过句型展示的方式,进行训练,然后总结非谓语动词的句法功能,以及句法功能的解决规则)一、作主语:动词不定式短语 ;动名词短语 the work in ten minutes is very hard. (finish)十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 your heart means failure. (lose)灰心意味着失败。 aloud is very helpful.(Read) 朗读是很有好处的。 stamps is interesting.(Collect) 集邮很有趣。 二、it作形式主语:动词不定式短语、动名词短语It is very hard the work in ten minutes. (finish)十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。It means failure your heart. (lose)灰心意味着失败。Its no use (quarrel) 争吵是没用的。总结:常用句式有:It takes sb.+some time+to do。It+be+形容词+of(for)sb +to do。it is / was no use / good + doing sth.it is / was not any use / good + doing sth.it is / was of little use / good + doing sth.it is / was useless doing sth.it is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。it is of little good staying up too late every day.每天都熬夜没有什么好处三、做宾语I promised (buy) a gift when I met him.我承诺下次见他给他买个礼物I lost my job,so I couldnt afford (buy)the car.我对了我的工作,所以我买不起那辆车。She has arranged (see) her parents next week.她已经安排好下周去看她父母。.They havent finished the dam. (build)他们还没有建好大坝。 We are looking forward to beijing.(visit) 我们一直期待着去参观北京。(通过让学生练习填写句型空格,得知分别填写 to buy;to buy ;to seebuiding; visiting)句型总结:主语+ 谓语动词+宾语to do ; doing+其他思考:宾语使用如何区别动词不定式和动名词?(通过观察,学生会发现不同的谓语动词会用不同形式的宾语)总结1.常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer2.动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语: enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop(from),protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like拓展:We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语itMarx found it important to study the situation in Russia,马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:句型:主语 + 谓语动词(feel,make find have,take等动词)+ it + 宾语补足语+不定式(动名词)+其他四、rememberforgetmeantryregretstopcontinue为谓语动词后可接不定式和动名词,意义大不同。We remembered the film.(see) 我们记得看过这部电影。I regret his advice.( follow) 我后悔没听他的劝告Your failure means the work again.(do)你的失败意味着得重做这件工作。总结 remember , forget , try , mean , stop , reget ,want , need , require1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5)try to do努力、企图做某事try doing试验、试一试某种办法6) mean to do打算,有意要mean doing意味着7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)proposing doing建议(做某事)9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念五、作表语:不定式、动名词和分词A.不定式作表语His wish is (buy)a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。The most important thing is (negotiate) with them about the future of the plan。最重要的事情是要和他们关于未来的计划做个商讨。总结:如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。B.动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。Our work is (serve) the people我们的工作是为人民服务。His :hobby is ( collect)stamps他的爱好是集邮。C.分词作表语Travelling is (interest) but tiring旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。The argument is very (convince)他的论点很令人信服。They were very (excite)at the news听分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,现在分词应该是“令人”,过去分词则是“感到。所以,凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。Brain storming:这类词常见的有:interesting使人感到高兴-interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的六、做定语(后置):不定式、分词。He was the last one (leave) school yesterday昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train (arrive) was from london将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。The child (stand)over there is my brother站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。The room (face) south is our classroom朝南的房间是我们的教Have you read the novel (write) by dickens ?你读过狄更斯写的小说吗?Those (elect) as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。总结 :不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系现在分词表示主动意义,正在进行;过去分词一般表示被动含意,状态或做完(完成)的事。拓展:下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:v ing和过去分词。v ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如:falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水(白七、做状语:不定式,分词1. (shut) the door behind him,he went out 他出去后将门随手关上。2.They stood by the roadside (talk) about the plan他们站在路边谈论着这个计划3. (give) more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。4. (face)with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。5.They stood by the roadside (talk) about the plan他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)6.Tom hurried to the home,only (find)he left the key at the office.Tom急匆匆的回到家,结果发现钥匙忘在办公室了。分析:小题1,2填shutting,talking,因为动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系;小题3,4选填given,faced因为动词与其逻辑主语是被动关系;小题5,6选填to talk,to find,因为分别做目的状语和“意料之外”的结果状语,而且动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系。总结:1分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系,否则不能使用分词作状语。2分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。2)动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。3.基本句型(试题句型): 不定式或分词 +宾语+其他,+主句(通常是完整的句子)(判断用动词的那种形式,主要看动词和主句主语的逻辑关系,主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词,表目的或结果等时可用不定式。)4.下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:a:not/never tooto, toonot to , but/only too to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。八、做宾语补足语:不定式,分词句型:主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语要点:宾语补足语的判断主要看在谓语动词的动作下,与宾语的逻辑关系,并根据谓语动词的种类含义,可分为下列几种方面:1、不定式作宾语补足语,如:asksbtodosth(sb作宾语,todosth作宾补,宾语宾补复合宾语)。类似的动词有:invite,tell,want,encourage,advise,order,requir,foce,beg,cause,allow,permit,forbid(禁止),warn(警告),remind,teach,callon(号召),dependon(指望),wouldlike/love(想要),prefer,wish,expect,(hope不带复合宾语)注:helpsb(to)dosth.句型:主语+谓语(以上例词)+sb.sth.+to do sth.2、使役动词后接不带to的不定式let/make/havesbdosth.但使役动词的被动语态常用:bemadetodosth.注:getsbtodosth.也译成“让某人做Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.A.cry,tocryB.crying,cryingC.cry,cryD.tocry,cry3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式感官动词:feel,see,hear,watch,notice句型:感官动词sb+do/doing/done(分别表示全过程、正在发生、被动完成)1)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrowA2)Themissingboywaslastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplayA4、with的复合结构:with+宾+宾补。作宾补的词可以是:形容词、副词(in,out),介词短语,非谓语形式)。With的复合结构的宾补中的非谓语形式todo表示将来,doing表示主动和进行,done表示被动和完成。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。1)with+宾语+介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.2)with+宾语+过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.3)with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)With winter coming on,its time to buy warm clothes.4)with+宾语+to do(不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.5)with+宾语+形容词/副词Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tiedD5、have句型:havesbdosth,havesb/sthdoing,havesb/sthdonehavesthdone表示两种意义:请别人做,而不是主语做;意外事故引起的。如:Hedidntkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhadhiswatch_.A.torepairB.repairedC.repairingD.repairB6、find+宾语+宾补(doing/done),keep+宾+doing,catchsb+doing(撞见某人在做),smellsb+doing(察觉到某人在做)Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_hishandintothepocketofapassager.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.puttingD7、表示“认为”的think,believe,consider,judge等,常用句型:thinksb(tobe)+adj./n.,beconsideredtohavedonesth.被认为已做了某事8、makeoneselfunderstood/heard/known,即用了过去分词作作宾补9、句型Itissaid/reported/thought/knownthat.可变成:sb/sthbesaid/reportedtohavedonesth.如:Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingA九、特殊的独立结构常见的独立主格结构有如下几种:1.名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如:The girl (stare) at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。Time (permit) (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。2.名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如:The problems (solve) (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。Her glasses (break)(= because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。3.名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如:He is going to make a model plane, some old parts ( help). 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。They said good-bye to each other, one (go) home, the other (go) to the bookstore. 他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。4.名词/主格代词+形容词。如:An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消。5.名词/主格代词+副词。如:He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束,他们就都回家了。6.名词/主格代词+介词短语。如:The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。7. there being +名词(代词)如:There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。There being no further business, i declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。8. it being +名词(代词)如:It being christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。独立主格结构的特点:1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。十特殊句式:1)Whynotdosth?=Whydontyoudosth?2)hadbetter(not)dosth.最好做3)wouldrather(not)dosth.宁愿4)wouddoratherthando=wouldratherdothando=prefertodo.ratherthando=preferdoingtodoing宁愿做.而不愿做
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