2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解32

2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English and put your answers on Answer Sheet.皮影戏（ShadowPlay）是中国民间广为流传的傀儡戏之一，两千年前的西汉时期诞生在中国陕西，清代在河北盛极一时。皮影戏的人物道具用兽皮或纸板剪成，演员在一块隔亮布后操纵道具进行表演。中国的不少地方戏曲剧种都是从皮影戏中派生而来。如今，中国皮影被世界各国的博物馆收藏，还是中国政府与其他国家领导人相互往来时的馈赠佳品。【答案】As one of the earliest opera forms and a sort of widespread puppet play in China, Shadow puppetry was born in Shaanxi, China, during the Western Han Dynasty 2,000 years ago, and flourished in Hebei during the Qing Dynasty. Its characters and props are made of animal skins or paperboards and the story was performed by illuminating these images with the help of lamplight. While performing, the performers manipulate the characters behind the white curtain. Many local operas in China are derived from shadow play. Nowadays, Chinese shadow puppets are collected in museums around the world, and are often presented as gifts by the Chinese government to leaders of other countries when they interact with each other.2. 翻译题Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.西安是我国黄河流域古代文明的重要发源地之一，与雅典、罗马、开罗并称为世界四大古都。西安古称长安，距今已有3000多年的历史。自西周时起一直到唐代，先后有12个王朝在这里建都，历经2000余年。汉、唐两代，更是西安的鼎盛时期。汉代的长安城相当于古罗马城的3倍，唐代的长安城则为汉长安城的2.4倍，人口多达百万以上。中华人民共和国成立后，西安一直是西北的政治中心和陕西省省会所在地。【答案】Xian is one of the important cradles of ancient civilization in the Yellow River Valley of China, and is known as the four ancient capitals of the world together with Athens, Rome and Cairo. Xian, known as Changan in ancient times, has a history of more than 3,000 years. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, 12 dynasties established their capitals here for more than 2,000 years. The Han and Tang dynasties were the heyday of Xian. The City of Changan in the Han Dynasty was three times the size of ancient Rome, and the city of Changan in the Tang Dynasty was 2.4 times that of Han Changan, with a population of more than one million. Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, Xian has been the political center of northwest China and the capital of Shanxi Province.3. 单选题Romantic love is a culture trait found primarily in industrialized societies. Elsewhere in the world, pragmatic considerations rather than flights of fancy are often used to make a choice of partner, and romantic love is seen as an unfortunate inconvenience that gets in the way of the ordinary, rational process of mate selection. Traces of this attitude persist in the American upper classes, where daughters are expected to marry “well” that is, to a male who is eligible by reason of family background and earning potential. Most Americans, however, see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage, and tend to look askance（轻蔑地）at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.The phenomenon of romantic love occurs when two young people meet and find one another personally and physically attractive. They become mutually absorbed, start to behave in what appears to be a flighty （充满幻想的）even irrational manner, decide that they are right for one another, and may then enter a marriage whose success is expected to be guaranteed by their enduring love. Behavior of this kind is portrayed and warmly endorsed （赞同）throughout American popular culture, by books, magazines, comics, records, popular songs, movies, and TV.Romantic love is a noble ideal, and it can certainly provide a basis for the spouses to “live happily ever after.” But a marriage can equally well be founded on much more practical considerationsas indeed they have been in most societies throughout most of history. Why is romantic love of such importance in the modern world? The reason seems to be that it has some basic functions in maintaining the institution of the nuclear family（小家庭）.31. Romantic love is less frequently found in many non-industrial societies because people in these societies_.32. The underlined word “eligible” in Para. 1 could best be replaced by_.33. According to the passage, most Americans_.34. What can we learn from the second paragraph about romantic love?35. The author seems to believe that_.问题1选项A.firmly believe that only money can make the world go roundB.fail to bring the imaginative power of the mind into full playC.fondly think that flights of fancy prevent them from making a correct choice of partnerD.have far more practical considerations to determine who will marry whom问题2选项A.qualifiedB.availableC.chosenD.influential问题3选项A.expect their daughters to fall in love with a male at first sightB.regard romantic love as the basis for a successful marriageC.look up to those who marry for the sake of wealthD.consider romantic love to be the most desirable thing in the world问题4选项A.It is a common occurrence among the old.B.It is primarily described by books.C.It is characterized by mutual attraction and absorption.D.It is rejected as flighty and irrational.问题5选项A.romantic love makes people unable to think clearly in the process of mate selectionB.only romantic love can make a marriage happy ever afterC.much more practical considerations can also be the basis for a successful marriageD.romantic love plays an insignificant role in maintaining the institution of the nuclear family【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】31.事实细节题。定位到第一段第二句话Elsewhere in the world, pragmatic considerations rather than flights of fancy are often used to make a choice of partner, and romantic love is seen as an unfortunate inconvenience that gets in the way of the ordinary, rational process of mate selection.“在世界上的其他地方，人们在选择伴侣时往往考虑务实而非异想天开，而浪漫的爱情则被视为妨碍正常、理性的择偶过程的不幸的麻烦”，所以答案选C选项“在决定谁将和谁结婚时，有更实际的考虑”。A选项“坚信只有金钱才能使世界运转”，文章没有提及，属于反向干扰。B选项“不能充分发挥想象力”，见正确选项，这里只是说非工业社会的人的择偶观比较务实不是说不能发挥想象力，这里属于推理过度。D选项“天真地认为幻想妨碍了他们正确地选择伴侣”文章没有提及，属于反向干扰。32.推理判断题。第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二句Traces of this attitude persist in the American upper classes, where daughters are expected to marry “well” that is, to a male who is eligible by reason of family background and earning potential.“这种态度的痕迹在美国上层社会依然存在，那里的女孩被期望嫁给好的男人，也就是说，嫁给一个有家庭背景和收入潜力的合适的男人”，这里可以看出这句描述的是美国上层阶级选女婿的条件，从后面的by reason of （处于原因），这里可知合格的女婿是要家庭有背景，以及有潜力的人，所以答案选A“合格的，有资格的”。B选项“可提供的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“选择的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。D选项“有影响力的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。33.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段最后一句话Most Americans, however, see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage, and tend to look askance at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.“然而，大多数美国人认为浪漫的爱情是成功婚姻的必要条件，并倾向于以怀疑的眼光看待那些因为更实际的原因而结婚的人，这些原因中没有爱情的作用”，从这里可知答案选B“认为浪漫的爱情是成功婚姻的基础”。A选项“希望自己的女儿能与男性一见钟情”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“尊敬那些为财富而结婚的人”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。D选项“认为浪漫的爱情是世界上最令人向往的东西”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。34.事实细节题。定位到第二段第一句话The phenomenon of romantic love occurs when two young people meet and find one another personally and physically attractive.“当两个年轻人相遇并发现彼此在个人和外表上都很有吸引力时，浪漫爱情就会发生”从这里可知答案选C选项“它的特点是相互吸引和吸收”。A选项“这在老年人中很常见。”文中没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“它主要是由书籍描述的”，定位到第三段最后一句话Behavior of this kind is portrayed and warmly endorsed （赞同）throughout American popular culture, by books, magazines, comics, records, popular songs, movies, and TV.“这种行为在美国流行文化中广泛，通过书籍、杂志、漫画、记录、流行歌曲、电影和电视的形式被描绘并被广泛宣传。”从这里可知B选项错误，爱情不止是在书中描写还有漫画、歌谣等，这里属于以偏概全。D选项“它被拒绝为轻浮和非理性的”定位到第二段第二句话They become mutually absorbed, start to behave in what appears to be a flighty even irrational manner“它们相互吸收，开始表现出一种轻浮甚至不理智的行为方式”从这里可知D选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。35.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到最后一段第二句话But a marriage can equally well be founded on much more practical considerations“但婚姻同样可以建立在更实际的考虑基础上”从这里可以知道C选项“更实际的考虑也可以成为成功婚姻的基础”正确；B选项“只有浪漫的爱情才能使婚姻从此幸福美满”，定位到最后一段最后一句Why is romantic love of such importance in the modern world? The reason seems to be that it has some basic functions in maintaining the institution of the nuclear family.“为什么浪漫的爱情在现代社会如此重要？原因似乎是它在维持核心家庭制度方面具有一些基本功能”从这里可知B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；A选项“浪漫的爱情让人在选择伴侣的过程中无法清晰思考”文中没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“浪漫的爱情在维持核心家庭制度中起着微不足道的作用”文中没有提及，属于无中生有。4. 填空题Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.Caring for elderly parents catches many unpreparedA Last July, Julie Baldocchis mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasnt prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldnt handle her mothers care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasnt willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldnt do it all,” she says. But I didnt even know how to find help.”B With help from the family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, youre never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mothers stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.C While many parents lack an advance care directive, its the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives some one legal authority to make financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “Its invaluable for the kids, because its hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says AgingC.D Its important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents preferences, wishes an goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But its not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth.E Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesnt pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.F Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, its not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.G If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.H Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parents finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mothers home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasnt able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, its literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. Its not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. Its everything,” she says.I Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a thing as caregiver burnout,” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife. “Its a hard job.” Walker says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. Its only natural that I be here for her now.11. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.12. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their childrens financial motives.13. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities.14. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment.15. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her.16. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009.17. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on.18. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may bum out or become depressed.19. One will have to petition the court to be the parents legal guardian, if there is no advance directive.20. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid.【答案】11.G12.D13.H14.C15.A16.B17.D18.I19.C20.F【解析】11.题干：当年迈的父母不能安全地生活在家里时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的家，而不是送他们到成人护理机构。由题干的an adult care facility可以定位到G选项第二句But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility.“但如果父母不能再安全地住在家里，孩子们就很难把他们送到成人看护机构”，这里是题干的同义替换，所以答案选G。12.题干：谈论长期护理并不容易，因为有时年迈的父母会怀疑子女的经济动机。由题干定位到D选项第三句Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their childrens financial motives“年迈的父母有时会怀疑孩子的经济动机”从这里可知答案选D。13.题干：除了提前计划财务或医疗护理，家庭照顾者还承担许多其他责任。由题干的finances or medical care“财务或医疗护理”定位到H选项倒数第一二句Its not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. Its everything,” she says.“这不仅仅是关于财政或医疗保健的预先计划。这就是所有。”她说。这句符合题干题意，所以答案选H。14.题干：持久委托书和医疗代理书的区别在于后者允许某人就医疗治疗作出决定。通过题干的attorney和a health care proxy（医疗代理）定位到C选项的第二句话The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives some one legal authority to make financial decisions on anothers behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. （For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.）“该指令包括几个部分，包括：持久委托书，赋予某人代表另一人做出财务决定的法律权力；医疗代理，类似于委托书，但允许某人就医疗作出决定；还有一份生前遗嘱，列出了临终护理的指导。（例如，父母可以说他们是否想通过人工手段维持生命）”，这里说出了委托书和医疗代理的不同，所以答案选C选项。15.题干：巴尔多奇并不想把母亲送到养老院，但她很难照顾她。文章定位到A选项倒数第二句话She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother.“她有一份全职工作，而且背部有问题，这使得她很难抱起她的母亲”从这里可以看出Baldocchi有自己的难处，工作，背伤都让她心有余而力不足，所以A选项正确。16.题干：2009年，美国有超过4200万护理人员帮助成年人进行日常活动。根据文章的数据42 million和2009可以定位到B选项倒数第二句话More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.“美国退休人员协会（AARP）2009年的一项调查显示，超过4200万美国人为日常活动需要帮助的成年人提供家庭照顾”，这句符合题干，所以选B选项。17.题干：如果一个家庭需要信息或帮助解决分歧，他们可以找很多人。根据文章中的sort out disagreement“解决分歧”定位到D选项倒数第二句话And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups.“美国退休人员协会（AARP） 2009年的一项调查显示，超过4200万美国人为日常活动需要帮助的成年人提供家庭照顾”，从这里可以看出当家庭成员有分歧时他们可以寻求律师，理财师等人的帮助，这个选项符合题意，所以答案选D。18.题干：照顾者应该注意自己的健康，否则他们可能会精疲力尽或变得抑郁。定位到I选项第一句话Caregivers need to also watch their own health.“护理人员也需要关注自己的健康”，这里跟题干属于同义替换，所以答案选I。19.题干：如果没有事先指示，孩子必须向法院申请成为孩子父母的合法监护人。根据文章关键词petition“请愿”和advance directive“预先指示”，定位到C选项最后一句话Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parents legal guardian, says AgingC.“AgingC网站表示，如果没有事先的指示，这个家庭将不得不向法院申请指定父母的法定监护人”，这里表达的意思和题干相同，所以答案选C。20.题干：2011年，全国辅助生活费用的中位数为39135美元，这不在医疗保险的覆盖范围内。根据文章数据2011和$39,135可以定位到F选项倒数第一、二句The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isnt covered by Medicaid.“根据Genworth的数据，2011年全国医保成本中值为39135美元。医疗补助计划不包括辅助生活”，这里和题干表达的意思相同，所以答案选F。5. 单选题Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyles husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year, a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good-bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from homethe highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologi