2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解10

2022年考博英语-华南师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题Directions: Put the following passage into English Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet.目前，对待科技发展存在着相互对立的两种思潮；反科学思潮认为，现代科学的发展非但没有给人类社会带来福音，反而带来了灾难和毁灭；另一种是科技进步思潮，他们认为人类面临的环境污染、生态失衡、资源枯竭等危机是科学发展过程中自然而然遇到的问题，这些问题进一步解决的出路恰恰在于继续大力发展科技。上述两种观点都有一定的合理性，也都有各执一端的片面性，如果从时代的高度和辩证的观点看待当代科技的发展时，我们就可以发现，当代科学技术所面临的问题并不是去如何认识现代科技进步，而是从时代的需要出发，设法找到未来科技进一步发展的理论根据所在。【答案】At present, there are two opposite trends of thought to the development of science and technology. Anti-science holds the view that the development of modern science has not brought the gospel to the human society, but brought disaster and destruction. The other is the trend of scientific and technological progress, whose view is that environmental problems such as pollution, ecological imbalance and resource exhaustion occur naturally in the process of scientific development. It is by vigorously developing science and technology that these problems can be further solveD.Both of these two views are reasonable and of one-sidedness. If we look at the development of contemporary science and technology from the perspective of age and dialectics, we can find that these problems faced by contemporary science and technology are not how to understand modern scientific and technological progress, but try to find the theoretical basis for the further development of science and technology in the future from the needs of the times.2. 单选题To call the music of another music-culture primitive is（ ）ones own standards on a group that does not recognize them.问题1选项A.puttingB.emphasizingC.forcingD.imposing【答案】D【解析】考查词组。imposeon“把强加于”句意：叫另一种音乐文化的乐曲为“原始的东西”，是一个处于不了解他们的人群中的人，把自己的标准强加给别人。因此可知D为正确答案。3. 单选题A statement and a list（ ）to the document were issued in yesterdays newspaper.问题1选项A.labeledB.attachedC.clungD.stuck【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。attach to表示“（使）贴在上；（使）依附”。句意：昨天的报纸上发表了一份声明以及一份附加在文件上的清单。结合句意，故B为正确答案。4. 单选题The theory put forward by a famous scholar at an international conference contradicts the（ ） principles of the sphere of architecture.问题1选项A.particularB.preciseC.appropriateD.proper【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: particular “专指的，特指的” ；B: precise “清晰的；精确的；精细的”；C: appropriate “适当的”；D: proper “境界；限度；范围”。句意：位著名学者在一次国际会议上提出的理论与建筑领域的特定原则相矛盾。被修饰的名词为“principles原理”，因此可知A为正确答案。5. 单选题Under the present system, state enterprises must（ ）all profits to the government.问题1选项A.turn downB.turn toC.turn outD.turn in【答案】D【解析】考查词组。A: turn down “减少；关小” ；B: turn to“求助于”；C: turn out “结果是；关掉”；D: turn in “上交；归还”。句意：在现行制度下，国有企业必须向政府上交全部利润。根据语境可知D为正确答案。6. 单选题Under the reign of the dictatorial powers, all the periodicals to which the library（ ）must be scrutinized by a committee of censorship.问题1选项A.subscribesB.contributesC.subtractsD.rakes【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。subscribe to “预订，同意，订阅”。句意：在独裁政权统治下，图书馆订阅的所有期刊都必须接受审查委员会的审查。根据句意可知A为正确答案。7. 单选题When I（ ）my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.问题1选项A.woke upB.took toC.pickedD.came to【答案】D【解析】考查词组。A选项 wake up“醒来”；B选项 take to“开始喜欢，沉溺于”；C选项 pick up “捡起，拿起；不经意得到；（通过学习或经历）获得（知识）”；D选项 come to “达到，复苏”。句意：当我恢复知觉的时候，发现自己被裹得严严实实的，躺在我的小房间的床上，外婆正俯身看着我。结合此处题干，判断出选项D正确。8. 单选题Her generosity is one of her most pleasing（ ）.问题1选项A.characteristicsB.attributesC.traitsD.peculiarity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: characteristics “特性，特征” ；B: attributes “属性；特性”；C: traits “人的个性， 显著的特点”；D: peculiarity “特性；特质”。句意：为人慷慨是她最讨人欢喜的个性。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。9. 单选题I have never laid（ ）to being an expert in this field.问题1选项A.reclaimB.exclamationC.affirmationD.claim【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。lay claim to “声称的权力，自称有知识等”。句意：我从不认为自己是这个领域的专家。结合句意，故D为正确答案。10. 单选题After completing the big dictionary which was popularly received by readers, this famous scholar set out to compile a（ ）to it.问题1选项A.complementB.supplementC.accessoryD.helper【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: complement“补足物” ；B: supplement “增补，补充”；C: accessory “附件”；D: helper“助手”。句意：在完成了这部被读者普遍接受的大字典之后，这位著名的学者打算对其补充。根据句意判断出B为正确答案。11. 单选题Im（ ）on going to that flower show. I believe there are some specimens of Caration that Im interested in.问题1选项A.keenB.acuteC.shrewdD.enthusiastic【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be keen on doing sth.表示“渴望;热切;热衷于”。句意：我非常想要去看花展，我相信有一些我感兴趣的标本。结合句意，A为正确答案。12. 单选题At the drugstore, the pharmacist refused to give me any medicine because she could not read（ ）.问题1选项A.descriptionB.prescriptionC.inscriptionD.subscription【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: description“描绘，描述” ；B: prescription“处方（医生开出的）”；C: inscription “铸币上的刻印文字，铭文，碑文”；D: subscription “统一，赞成，订阅”。句意：在药房，医师拒绝卖给我任何的药物，因为她无法辨认医生的处方。由句意可知B为正确答案。13. 单选题The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October,（ ）an outburst of interest.问题1选项A.flaredB.glitteredC.sparkedD.flashed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 flare“闪光，闪耀”；B选项 glitter “闪闪发光，闪烁”；C选项 spark “发动，激起”；D选项 flash “闪光，闪现”。句意：去年十月传到出版商那儿的215页的手稿激发起他们浓厚的兴趣。根据句意，C选项正确。14. 单选题The（ ）of the apartment to his office was an advantage on rainy days.问题1选项A.vicinityB.neighborhoodC.surroundingsD.confines【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: vicinity “附近，邻近；附近地区” ；B: neighborhood “地区；某地区的人”；C: surroundings “（周围的）环境事物；环境”；D: confines “境界；限度；范围”。句意：这公寓离他的办公室很近，在雨天时是一大优势。根据语境可知A为正确答案。15. 单选题His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his（ ）as he developed his own technique.问题1选项A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.successorsD.ancestors【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析题。A: descendant“后代” ；B: predecessor“前辈”；C: successor“继任者，继承人”；D: ancestor“祖先”。句意：随着他发展自己的技术，他对颜色、光线和形式的使用迅速地背离了他前辈的传统风格。结合句意，故B为正确答案。16. 单选题You cant keep the milk outside for a night, it will turn（ ）.问题1选项A.sourB.stainedC.rottenD.acid【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: sour “有酸味的” ；B: stained “玷污的”；C: rotten “腐烂的；恶臭的”；D: acid“酸性的”。句意：你不能把牛奶放在外面过夜，它会变质。结合语境，表示牛奶变酸，故选A。17. 单选题The politician is shrewd and deep; he was（ ）seldom on what he expected others to do for him.问题1选项A.transparentB.explicitC.prominentD.conspicuous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: transparent “透明的”；B: explicit “明确的；直言的”；C: prominent “突出的，显著地”；D: conspicuous “显著的”。句意：这位政治家相当精明，城府深，他很少明确表示希望其他人能为他做些什么。根据句意，B项最符合。18. 单选题This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support ones parents. Called the Maintenance of Parents Bill, it received the backing of the Singapore Government.That does not mean it hasnt generated discussion. Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others believe it will subvert relations within the family: cynics dubbed it the Sue Your Son” law.Those who say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility, of course, are right. It has nothing to do with filial responsibility, it kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate filial responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality proves insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore it up.Like many other developed nations, Singapore faces the problems of an increasing proportion of people over 60 years of age. Demography is inexorable. In 1980, 7.2% of the population was in this bracket. By the turn of the century, that figure will grow to 11%. By 2030, the proportion is projected to be 2%. The problem is not old age. It is that the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive people will decline.But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old people who have insufficient means to make ends meet. Some people will fall through the holes in any safety net.Traditionally, a persons insurance against poverty in his old age was his family. This is not revolutionary concept. Nor is it uniquely Asian Care and support for ones parents is a universal value shared by all civilized societies.The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after ones parents is unenforceable. A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children, a husband can be forced to support his wife. But, until now, a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parent.In 1989, an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the ageD.Its report stated with a tinge of complacency that 95% of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions from relations. But what about the 5% who arent getting relatives support? They have several options:(a)get a job and work until they die;(b) apply for public assistance(you have to be destitute to apply ); or(c) starve quietly. None of these options is socially acceptable and what if this 5% figure grows, as it is likely to do, as society ages?The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies. This legislation will allow a person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children. The court would have the discretion to refuse to make an order if it is unjust.Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family lawsuits miss the point. Only in extreme cases would any parent take his child to court. If it does indeed become law, the bills effect would be far more subtle.First, it will reaffirm the notion that it is each individuals- not societysresponsibility look after his parents. Singapore is still conservative enough that most people will not object to this ideA.It rein forces the traditional values and it doesnt hurt a society now and then to remind itself of its core values.Second, and more important it will make those who are inclined to shirk their responsibilities think twice. Until now, if a person asked family elders, clergymen or the ministry of community Development to help get financial support from his children, the most they could do was to mediate. But mediators have no teeth, and a child could simply ignore their pleas.But to be sued by ones parents would be a massive loss of face. It would be a public disgrace Few people would be so thick-skinned as to say: Sue and be damneD.The hand of the conciliator would be immeasurably strengtheneD.It is far more likely that some sort of amicable settlement would be reached if the recalcitrant son or daughter knows that the alternative is a public trial.It would be nice to think that Singapore doesnt need this kind of law. But that belief ignores the clear demographic trends and the effect of affluence itself on traditional bonds. Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place.1.The maintenance of Parents Bill（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?3.The author seems to suggest that traditional values（ ）.4.The author thinks that if the bill becomes law its effect would be（ ）.5.At the end of the passage, the author seems to imply that success of the Bill depends upon（ ）.问题1选项A.received all peoples support in the Singapore ParliamentB.was believed to solve all the problems of the elderly poorC.was intended to substitute for traditional values in SingaporeD.was passed to make the young more responsible to the old问题2选项A.Filial responsibility in Singapore is enforced by lawB.Fathers have legal obligations to maintain their childrenC.It is an acceptable practice for the old to continue workingD.The Advisory Council was set up in 1990问题3选项A.play an insignificant role in solving social problemB.are helpful to the elderly when they sue their childrenC.are very important in preserving Asian uniquenessD.are significant in helping the Bill get approved问题4选项A.indirectB.unnoticedC.apparentD.unclear问题5选项A.strict enforcementB.public supportC.government assuranceD.filial awareness【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文第一句“This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support ones parents.”，中文翻译：“本月，新加坡通过了一项法案，赋予 赡养父母的道义义务以法律效力。”因此，综合考虑，选项D为正确答案。2.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文“A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children.”，中文翻译：“法律可以强迫一个父亲抚养他的孩子。”因此最佳答案为B选项。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies.”，中文翻译：“赡养父母法案是为了鼓励传统美德，这些美 德至今使亚洲国家远离其他富裕社会遭遇到的衰败。”由此可以推断出答案选择C。4.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文“If it does indeed become law, the bills effect would be far more subtle.”中文翻译为：如果它真的成为法律，法案的效果将会更加微妙。” 以及后文作者写道赡养父母是个人的责任，并非社会的责任，但是有些人碍于情面，不得不重新考虑赡养父母的问题，可知，A项符合题目描述。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文最后一句“Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place.”，中文翻译为：“我们这些推动该法案的人将认为，如果它能作为一种激励，使其在一开始就不被动用，那么自己是最成功的。”因此综合可知，D选项是其主要原因。19. 单选题He was（ ）from the competition because he had not complied with the rules.问题1选项A.forbiddenB.barredC.disqualifiedD.excused【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: forbid “禁止，指禁止某人进入某地、或禁止某人用某物或做某事”；B: bar “禁止，指用障碍物阻止或禁止”；C: disqualify “取消的资格”；D: excuse “原谅”。句意：他被禁止参加比赛，因为他没有遵守比赛规则。结合句意，故C为正确答案。20. 单选题It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines has been introduceD.For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of the whole female sex into public industry. Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanizations effects, but they agreed that it would transform womens lives.Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new class of dead-end jobs, thenceforth considered womens work. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women-than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.Womens work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while womens household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.1.Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?2.The author, mentions all of the following inventions as examples of dramatic technological innovations EXCEPT the（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that, before the Industrial Revolution, the majority of womens work was done in which of the following settings?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would consider which of the following to be an indication of a fundamental alteration in the conditions of womens work?5.The passage states that, before the twentieth century, which of the following was true of many employers?问题1选项A.The effects of the mechanization of womens work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.B.Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a societys traditional values and the customary roles of its membersC.Mechanization has caused the nature of womens work change since the IndustrialRevolution.D.The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.问题2选项A.sewing machineB.vacuum cleanerC.typewriterD.telephone问题3选项A.Textile mills.B.Private households.C.Offices.D.Factories.问题4选项A.Statistics showing that the majority of women now occupy white-collar positions.B.Interviews with married men indicating that they are now doing some household tasks.C.Surveys of the labor market documenting the recent creation of a new class of jobs in electronics in which women workers outnumber men four to one.D.Census results showing that working womens wages and salaries are, on the average, as high as those of working men.问题5选项A.They did not employ women in factories.B.They tended to employ single rather than married women.C.They employed women in only those jobs that were related to womens traditional household work.D.They resisted technological innovations that would radically change womens roles in the family.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题目可以定位到文章第一段，文第一句提出观点：It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines has been introduceD.中文翻译为：史学家们往往假设，劳动的机构化不仅仅对那些操作新机器的人们的生活，而且也对机器所被引入其中的社会，均产生了种革命性的影响，以及第二段第一句提出反对意见：Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. 中文翻译为：史学家们，尤其是那些研究妇女历史的史学家们，现在对关于机械化进程的变革作用这一假设表示严重的怀疑。由此可知，作者对第一种观点是反对的，并且提出自己的观点：“.such dramatic technological innovations as.have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in womens economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of womens work. 中文翻译为：技术革新并没有给妇女的经济地位或对妇女工作的普遍评价带来任何剧烈变化。最后从原文最后一句“Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market an