2022-2023年考博英语-西南林业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第23期

2022-2023年考博英语-西南林业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Failure in a required subject may result in the _ of a diploma.问题1选项A.refusalB.betrayalC.denialD.burial【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 refusal “拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权”；B选项 betrayal “背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项 denial “否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项 burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。2. 单选题Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long suffering representatives, the total failure of the opening meeting of the so-called Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their roles in the violent physical struggle. Well. Thats just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.The 135-members WTO is composed of sovereign of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle, though, it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the world.Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs; the poor fools invested9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest. Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.The debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an enD.But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a relay of the anti-Vietnam War movement, which had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over you house?No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit. Which may be both good and baD.Taking the long view, other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings, too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way, which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.Still, it is a disgrace that the worlds greatest trading nation, i. e. the United States, is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any chance of entering the history books as a champion of free trade.1. According to the passage, the failure of the Seattle meeting is chiefly caused by_ .2. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that_ .3. One of the WTOs goals as mentioned in the passage is to_ .4. By saying that “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.” (the last sentence in Paragraph 3) the author means that_.5. The author is obviously critical of President Clinton for_ .问题1选项A.anti-globalist and pro-globalist conflictsB.President Clintons wrong initiativesC.the strong protests from diverse groupsD.the polices failure to maintain order问题2选项A.different forces contributed to the failure of the Millennium trade roundB.many people bragged of their presence at the Millennium trade roundC.there existed a range of violent debated as to the prospects of the WTOD.only a few members were proud of their membership of the WTO问题3选项A.serve as arbiters in international trade disputesB.ensure cheap export and import of goods unnecessarilyC.bring about the globalization of worlds tradesD.encourage free trade and goods exchanges worldwide问题4选项A.the WTO is likely to have a negative image in peoples mind in the futureB.the WTO will have trouble changing peoples way of thinking in the futureC.the startling scene will probably linger in peoples mind the years to comeD.people will lose whatever confidence they hold in the future of the WTO问题5选项A.his failing to match his words with his actionsB.his handling the matter in a wrong perspectiveC.his lacking historical knowledge about the WTOD.his overemphasizing the economic role of the WTO【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Seattle meeting”可以定位到文章第五段中“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit.” 中文翻译为：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。可以得知B选项“克林顿总统的错误举措”正确。2.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，中文翻译为：谁说胜利有许多父亲，失败是一个孤儿，肯定没有听说过世界贸易组织(WTO)。以不幸的多边贸易组织及其长期受苦受难的代表们为例，所谓的千年贸易回合(Millennium trade round)开幕式的彻底失败，让很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色。好，这就是灿烂的。他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。A选项“不同的力量促成了千年贸易谈判的失败”符合题意。B选项“许多人吹嘘他们出席了千年贸易谈判” 不符合题意，故排除。C选项“关于世贸组织的前景存在着一系列激烈的争论”不符合题意，故排除。D选项 “只有几个成员国为他们是世贸组织的成员而感到自豪”不符合题意，文中很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色，故排除。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.” 中文翻译为：他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。 D选项“鼓励世界范围内的自由贸易和商品交流”符合题意，故选D。A选项“在国际贸易争端中担任仲裁者”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“确保不必要的廉价进出口”不符合题意，故排除。C选项 “带来世界贸易的全球化”不符合题意，故排除。4.作者意图题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句 “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come. ”中文翻译：这是一个在未来几年里会让人难以置信的画面。A选项“WTO在未来很可能在人们的脑海中有一个负面的形象”与题干句子意思相符，因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。通读题干定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.”中文大意：值得庆幸的是，我们很快将选出另一位总统，而这位总统应该是言行一致的人。根据前文“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit.”中文大意：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。前文批判克林顿为 “罪魁祸首”，后文笔者说值得庆幸的是将选出另外一位言行一致的总统。A选项“他言行不一致”最符合题意，因此选A。3. 单选题Slaughter and destruction are terrible realities of war.问题1选项A.slabB.massive killingC.slightD.dimension【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 slab “厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片”；B选项 massive killing “大规模的杀戮”；C选项 slight “怠慢；轻蔑”；D选项 dimension “方面；数 维；尺寸；次元；容积”。句意：屠杀和破坏是可怕的战争现实。结合此处关键词 slaughter “屠宰；大屠杀；（非正式）彻底击败”，得知B选项正确。4. 单选题But aging does not have to take a toll once it did on her face and body. There are now many solutions available to aid women in their quest for their long lasting health and beauty.问题1选项A.take overB.compose ofC.slow downD.have a negative effect【答案】D【解析】考查词组。A选项 take over “接管；接收”；B选项 compose of “由组成”；C选项 slow down “减速，放慢速度；使慢下来”；D选项 have a negative effect “产生负面影响”。句意：不过，一旦衰老对她的脸和身体造成了影响，就不必为此付出代价。现在有很多方法可以帮助女性追求持久的健康和美丽。结合此处关键词 take a toll “产生负面影响；造成损失；产生严重的不良影响”，得知D选项正确。5. 单选题In 1517 a German monk, Martin Luther, challenged certain Catholic teachings and renounced his obedience to the papacy.问题1选项A.announcedB.followedC.deniedD.proclaimed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项announced “宣布；宣称”；B选项followed “跟着；听从；继承”；C选项denied“ 拒绝；拒签”；D选项 proclaimed“正式宣布”。句意：1517年，一位德国修道士马丁路德挑战了某些天主教教义，宣布放弃对教皇的服从。结合此处关键词 challenged “挑战”，可排除选项B，C选项不符合题意，也可排除。A选项虽有“宣布”的意思，但不够正式，根据句意，推测马丁路德的宣布内容应更为正式，得知D选项正确。6. 单选题The sultry weather in the tropics encourages a life of _.问题1选项A.leisureB.comfortC.industryD.indolence【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 leisure“空闲”；B选项 comfort“安慰，舒适”；C选项 industry“产业，工业”；D选项indolence“懒散，懒惰”。句意：天气闷热的热带地区鼓励生活。根据句意，可以推测天气闷热，会鼓励一种懒散生活。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题The man had either to leave the country immediately or to surrender himself to the enemy and had no other choice.问题1选项A.alternativeB.hopeC.resourceD.approach【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项alternative“二中选一；供替代的选择 ”；B选项hope“希望”；C选项resource“资源”；D选项 approach“方式”。句意：这个人要么立即离开这个国家，要么向敌人投降，结合此处关键短语leave the country（离开这个国家）以及surrender himself to the enemy（向敌人投降），可推测他是在两者之间进行选择，由此得知A选项正确。8. 单选题Fortune-tellers are good at making _ statements such as “Your sorrows will change”.问题1选项A.philosophicalB.ambiguousC.literalD.invalid【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 philosophical “哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的”；B选项 ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；C选项 literal “文字的；逐字的；无夸张的”；D选项 invalid “无效的；有病的；残疾的”。句意：算命的人擅长说一些模棱两可的话，比如“你的悲伤会变的”。根据句意，B选项正确。9. 单选题Congress delegates waited _ for the congratulatory telegram from Moscow when the new party was formed.问题1选项A.in termsB.in the long runC.in viewD.in vain【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 in terms “明确地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B选项 in the long run “长远；终究”；C选项 in view “在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标”；D选项 in vain “徒然；无效”。句意：当新政党成立时，国会代表们焦急地等待来自莫斯科的贺电。结合句意，判断出选项A为正确答案。10. 单选题Doctors are interested in using lasers as surgical tools in operations on people who are prone to heart attack.问题1选项A.are infectious toB.are accessible toC.are disposed ofD.are susceptible to【答案】D【解析】考查词组词义辨析。A选项are infectious to “有传染性”；B选项 are accessible to “都可以访问”；C选项 are disposed of “正在处理”；D选项 are susceptible to “易受”。句意：医生有兴趣使用激光作为手术工具，对那些容易心脏病发作的人进行手术。根据此处关键词heart attack（心脏病）可排除A选项，B选项及C选项不符合句意也可排除，D选项are susceptible to“易受”最符合题意，因此D选项正确。11. 单选题She is very resourceful, and she can always find a way around any problem.问题1选项A.delightfulB.responsibleC.industriousD.smart【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 delightful “可爱的，可喜的；讨人喜欢的；令人愉快的”；B选项 responsible “负责的，可靠的；有责任的”；C选项 industrious “勤勉的”；D选项 smart “聪明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厉害的；潇洒的；剧烈的；时髦的”。句意：她足智多谋，总能找到解决任何问题的办法。结合此处关键词 resourceful “足智多谋的；机智的”，得知D为正确答案。12. 单选题Many renowned scientists questioned the validity of the assumption.问题1选项A.creditB.weaknessC.correctnessD.uncertainty【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项credit“信用，信誉”；B选项 weakness“弱点；软弱；嗜好”；C选项correctness“正确性”；D选项 uncertainty“犹豫；不确定的事物；不确定度”。句意：许多著名的科学家对这一假设的正确性提出了质疑。结合此处关键词 questioned the of the assumption（对假设提出质疑），结合句意，得知C选项正确。13. 单选题Already in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there had been a powerful alignment between rural cultural ethics and church teaching.问题1选项A.allianceB.agreementC.conflictD.contradiction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 alliance “联盟，联合；联姻”；B选项 agreement “协议；同意，一致”；C选项 conflict “冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；D选项 contradiction “矛盾；否认；反驳”。句意：早在18和19世纪，乡村文化伦理和教会教义之间就已经有了强有力的结合。结合此处关键词 alignment “结盟”，得知A为正确答案。14. 单选题Tesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers 270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least 80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsburys and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over 116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behavior.Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formulA.But the watchdog recognizes that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.The average cost to each household is thought to be 11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half-pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become skeptical of their claims. Farmers for Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrison and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defense of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: “As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers.”Morrison has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations” in its defense. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation,Sainsburys admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay 26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalized for actions meant to help farmers but recognized the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.1. From the first paragraph, we may infer that_ .2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?3. The word “defiant” in Para.5 most probably means_.4. We may infer from Morrisons statement that_ .5. The writers attitude to Tesco can be said to be_ .问题1选项A.Tesco is the most resolute among all the retailers to defend its reputationB.it is already proved that Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy priceC.Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandalD.Tesco is offered a leniency deal of 80 million because of its quick response to the anti-competitive behaviors问题2选项A.Retail chainsB.FarmersC.Dairy companiesD.Politicians问题3选项A.confidentB.angryC.deficientD.challenging问题4选项A.Morrison turn out to be the most defensive when dealing with OFTB.Morrison is reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway businessC.industry insiders suggest that Morrison was trying to delay the OFT investigation with non-cooperationD.Morrison indeed refuses to admit its involvement in the scandal问题5选项A.objectiveB.biasedC.sympatheticD.optimistic【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段。A选项“特易购是所有零售商中最坚决捍卫自己声誉的。”推测其他的零售商勾结，并没有体现出捍卫自身的声誉，可排除。B选项“事实已经证明，特易购与阿斯达、怀斯曼、乳品佳洁士和奶酪公司串通操纵乳品价格。”理解错误，特易购要证明自己并没有与其他零售商勾结。C选项“特易购正尽力证明自己在丑闻中的清白。” 由题干定位到第一句“Tesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers 270 million”中文翻译：特易购正准备打一场法律战，以澄清自己卷入这起导致消费者损失2.7亿英镑的奶制品价格操纵丑闻的名声。符合题意，因此C选项正确。D选项“由于特易购对反竞争行为的快速反应，特易购获得了8000万英镑的宽大处理。” 理解错误，如果Tesco不能证明自己的清白，将面临8000万英镑的罚款。D选项可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干，A选项“Retail chains”（零售连锁店），文中所说的零售商只是将奶制品的价格提供给公司，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“Famers”（农民），文中所说的不确定农民是否得到了钱。C选项“Dairy companies”（乳制品公司），文中所说乳制品公司操纵了的价格，符合题意，C选项正确。D选项“Politicians”（政治家），文中所说，财政部获得了补偿，因此，也可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。3.词义辨析题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defense of its actions”，中文翻译为：特易购对此不以为然，并表示正准备为自己的行为进行强有力的辩护。A选项“自信的”，特易购正准备为自己的行为进行辩护，可推测他对行为很自信。A选项最符合词义。B选项“生气的”，文中没有体现特易购生气，可排除。C选项“不足的，有缺陷的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“挑战性的”，不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段Morrison has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making “strong representations” in its defense. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said thatthe company was “co-operating” with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation. 中文翻译为：莫里森支持OFT对其接管的前Safeway业务的调查，但在一份声明中表示，莫里森仍在为OFT进行“强有力的辩护”。Lactalis McLelland的发言人表示，该公司正在与OFT “合作”。业内人士暗示，这三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的调查。判断出C选项“业内人士暗示，莫里森是在试图以不合作的方式拖延OFT的调查”正确。A选项“在处理OFT时，莫里森是最具防御性的”，这里并没有体现莫里森具有防御性，可排除。B选项“莫里森不愿支持对前西夫韦公司的调查”，文中所说，莫里森支持对前Safeway公司的调查，因此，B选项错误。D选项“莫里森公司确实拒绝承认与丑闻有关”，文中并没有提及，可排除。综上所述，C选项正确。5.观点态度题。通读全文，A选项“objective”（客观的），文中作者对Tesco的态度比较客观，符合题意，A选项正确；B选项“biased”（有偏见的），文中并没有体现作者对于Tesco的偏见，可排除；C选项“sympathetic”（同情的），不符合题意，可排除；D选项“optimistic”（积极的），不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，A选项正确。15. 单选题The acid rain attacks the leaves and _ their waxy coating.问题1选项A.resolvesB.unsolvedC.dissolvesD.shoves【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项resolves “决定；决心要做”；B选项unsolved “未解决的；未解答的”；C选项 dissolves “溶解；分解”；D选项shoves “挤；强使；撞；猛推”。句意：酸雨会侵蚀树叶，它们的蜡涂层。根据attacks the leaves （侵蚀树叶）可推测acid rain（酸雨）的危害极大，A选项resolves（决定）不符合题意，B选项unsolved（未解决的）可排除，D选项shoves（挤）不符合题意，可排除，结合此处语境，C选项正确。16. 单选题It was already known that at least some genetic abnormalities are caused by the absence of specific proteins.问题1选项A.irregularitiesB.similaritiesC.activitiesD.qualities【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 irregularity “不规则；无规律；不整齐”；B选项 similarity “类似；相似点”；C选项 activity “活动；活动区；活动性”；D选项 quality “质量，统计 品质；特性；才能”。句意：人们已经知道，至少有些基因异常是由缺乏特定蛋白质引起的。结合此处关键词 abnormalities “异常；畸形”，得知A为正确答案。17. 单选题The destruction of the Earths ozone layer, for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultraviolet rays to harm plants and animals.问题1选项A.sufficientB.improvementC.prosperityD.poverty【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 sufficient “足够的；充分的”；B选项 improvement “改进，改善；提高”；C选项 prosperity “繁荣，成功”；D选项 poverty “贫困；困难；缺少；低劣”。句意：例如，地球臭氧层的破坏会使紫外线伤害动植物，从而加剧贫困化的进程。结合此处关键词 impoverishment “贫穷；致使贫乏或贫瘠之事物；穷困化状况”，得知D选项正确。18. 单选题Comic art can be, and often is, deadly serious, at which point it is _difficult to categorize it.问题1选项A.awfullyB.indicativelyC.cruciallyD.ultimately【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 awfully “可怕地；十分；非常；很”；B选项 indicatively “指示地，表示地；象征地；陈述地”；C选项 crucially “关键地；至关重要地”；D选项 ultimately “最后；根本；基本上”。句意：喜剧艺术可以是，而且往往是极度的严肃，在这一点上很难对它进行分类。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。19. 单选题In response to the signals, the robot arms make scribbles on white canvas with three colored markers attached to the end of the arms.问题1选项A.imagesB.scriptsC.scratchesD.characters【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项images “图像；影像；肖像”；B选项scripts “原稿”；C选项scratches“刮伤；刮花”；D选项 characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作为对信号的回应，机器人手臂会在白色画布上涂鸦，手臂末端有三个彩色标记。结合此处关键词markers“记号”，得知B选项正确。20. 单选题Diet-related diseases also cost society in terms of decreased work productivity, increased absenteeism, poorer school performance, and reduced fitness on the part of military _, among other negative effects.问题1选项A.recruitsB.reengineeringC.weaponD.scene【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 recruits“新兵；新成员”；B选项 reengineering “企业再造；再造工程；重建”；C选项weapon “武器，兵器”；D选项scene “场面；情景；景象；事件”。句意：与饮食有关的疾病也对社会造成负面影响，如工作效率下