2022-2023年考博英语-西北农林科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第35期

2022-2023年考博英语-西北农林科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if hadnt been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise, I dont mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me-a potential to live, you might call it which I didnt see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If 1 hadnt been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball, I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. I cant use this. I said. Take it with you, he urged me, and roll it around. The words stuck in my head. Roll it around?. By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphias Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.1.The author of the story lost his eyesight by accident when he was four years old. T/F2.The author thinks that he is very lucky to have become blind because he can do something more meaningful now. T/F3.The author began to adjust himself to the reality of being blind with the help of his parents and teachers. T/F4.The author was never afraid of making any adjustments and his private world thus became more meaningful. T/F5.The author would have become a useless person if he had not learned to believe in himself. T/F6.As a blind man, the author was very nervous every time he went down an unfamiliar staircase alone. T/F7.Once the author was given an indoor baseball, and he felt deeply hurt and became suspicious of people around. T/F8.Learning to play ground ball is just one of the most elementary things that helped strengthen his assurance. T/F9.Whatever goal he set ahead of himself, he was always successful. T/F10.The story tells us that a person can always do something meaningful despite some imperfections in himself or herself. T/F问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:A【解析】1.文中第一段“I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. 当我四岁的时候，我在大西洋城的一个货场里的一辆箱式汽车上掉下来，头撞在地上，失去了视力。”可知该陈述正确。2.由第一段中 “I dont mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left. 我不是说我宁愿失明，我的意思是，失去它们使我更感激我所留下的。”可推知“作者不以自己失明而庆幸”，故该陈述“作者认为自己失明是非常幸运的，因为现在他可以做一些更有意义的事情”不正确。3.由第二段中第一句“Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality.我相信，生活要求对现实进行一系列持续的调整”及最后一句中“ .they made me want to fight it out with blindness.他们（即我的父母和老师）让我想与失明作斗争”可推断该陈述“在他的父母和老师的帮助下，作者开始调整自己接受失明的现实”正确。4.由第二段中“I was bewildered and afraid.我感到困惑和害怕” ，知该陈述“The author was never afraid of making any adjustments.作者从未害怕做任何调整” 与原文不符；故该陈述不正确。5.由第三段中 “If I hadnt been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. 如果我未曾那样做，我会崩溃，我会在前门廊的摇椅上度过我的余生”知该陈述中“如果他曾经没有学会相信自己，那么作者将成为一个无用的人”正确。6.由第三段中 “The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. 我要学的最难的一课就是相信自己。”及“When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. 当我说相信自己的时候，我并不是简单地说那种自信，它能帮助我独自走下陌生的楼梯。”可推断“在学会相信自己之前，作者对单独走下一个不熟悉的楼梯是不自信的”，故该陈述“作为 一个盲人，在平时独自走下一个不熟悉的楼梯时，作者曾经每次都非常紧张”正确。7.由第四段中“I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt.我认为他正在嘲笑我， 我也因此受到伤害”及“This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. 这给了我一个想法，如何实现一个我认为不可能的目标：打棒球。”知该陈 述不正确。8.由倒数第二段中 “It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. 我花了几年时间才发现并加强了这种确信。 它必须从最基本的东西开始”及作者随后举例称“自己学会打自己发明的地滚球(即棒球)”可推知“学会打地滚球是帮助作者巩固确信的一个最基本的事情之一”，故该陈述是正确的。9.由最后一段中 “I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure.我必须认识到自己的局限。去尝试那些一开始就知道根本无法实现的目标是没有好处的， 因为那样只会带来失败的痛苦”可推断“无论他的目标是什么，他总是成功的。”该陈述不正确。10.由最后一段中 “I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.不管怎样，虽然我有时会失败，但总的来说我取得了进步。”及 “作者学会了打先前认为自己做不到的地滚球可推知这个“故事告诉我们：即使自身不完美，但是一个人总能做一些有 意义的事情”该陈述正确。2. 填空题Opinion is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste（1）, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt（2）too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance （3） it. I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, and Everyones entitled to his opinion, are （4）expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It （5）on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a （6）What do you think of the new Ford cars? And he may reply, In my （7）, theyre ugly. In this case, it would not only be （8）to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion lie means his personal （9）, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper （10） that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere （11） and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere （12）these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may（13）elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without （14）the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only （15）, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.【答案】1.belief2.attach3.tomon5.depends6.friend7.opinion8.intolerant9.preference10.reports11.likes12.between13.contain14.examining15.permitted【解析】1.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到 “It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at. 这是一种随意达成的观点或信念”中“belief”及该句前后出现的judgment正好与之形成对应，故此处选belief。2.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，同时由下文“most do attach great importance”可知此处选attach。3.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，故此处选to。mon “常见的;通常的”。前文提到“大多数人都很重视观点”， I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours我与你都有同样的权利去坚持各自的观点” Everyones entitled to his opinion每个人都有资格坚持自己的观点可知此处表示“常见表达方式”，故此处选common。5.“ depend on sth.依赖于，取决于”，固定搭配，根据前后文句意：这个标签是正确的吗？质疑别人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？这取决于你对“观点”的定义，由此可知，此处应选depends。6.根据上下文句意：比如，你可能会问一个“你觉得新款福特车型怎么样”，他可能回答“在我看来有点丑”，可知此处选friend。7.“in ones opinion在某人看来”为 固定短语，故此处选opinion。8.前文提到“Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion?挑战他人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？” 紧接着作者举例，正好与“intolerant”对应，故选intolerant。9.下文“a matter of taste一个喜好”是对空格处的补充说明，此处句意为：因为很明显，从意见上来说，谎言意味着他的个人偏好，也就是个人品味，可知选项preference “偏爱，喜好”最符合题意，故此处选preference。10.前文提到 “a newspaper”及下文新闻中的具体内容可知，此处选择reports “报 道”最符合题意，故此处选reports。11.下文提到“and dislikes 和厌恶”，由and可知此处应选择与“dislike”相对应的词，此处句意为：显然，大法官们并没有分享他们的个人偏好、他们的喜欢和不喜欢，故此处选likes。12.根据上下文“fall somewhere 落在某地”“these two extremes这两个极端”可知这里指“在之间”，故此处选between。13.根据上下文句意：它不是喜好的表达，也不是谨慎的判断。然而，它可能同时包含这两个要素，可知此处选“contain包含，容纳”最符合题意，故选contain。14.上下文句意：这是一种观点或信念，无论是否有审查证据；介词without后接名词或动名词，可知此处选examining “检查；审查”最符合题意，故此处选examining。15.上下文句意为：每个人都有资格坚持自己的意见吗？当然，这不仅是允许的，而且是有保证的；结合短语 “not only.but also.不仅而且”的用法，可知此处应选择与 “guaranteed被保证”意义相应的词，故此处选permitted “被允许”。3. 单选题New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its now a global village where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skillsDeeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being out of sight and out of mind. He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United Sates where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent.Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.1.What is the authors attitude toward high tech communications equipment?2.With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, business people（ ）.3.In this passage, out of sight and out of mind (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means（ ）.4.According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?5.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can（ ）.问题1选项A.CriticalB.IndifferentC.PrejudicedD.Positive问题2选项A.have to get familiar with modern technologyB.are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC.are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD.are eager to work overseas问题3选项A.being unable to think properly for lack of insightB.being totally out of touch with business at homeC.missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD.leaving all care and worthy behind问题4选项A.Connections with business overseasB.Ability to speak the clients language.C.Technical knowledgeD.Business experience问题5选项A.better control the whole negotiation processB.easily find new approaches to meet market needsC.fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD.easily make friends with business people abroad【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“批评的”，B项“漠视的，中立的”，C项“有偏见的”，D项“积极肯定的”。文章第一段提到 “.our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills 我们从这种高科技通信设备中获益的能力因外语技能而大大提高”可知D项符合题意，故选D。2.事实细节题。A项“必须熟悉现代技术”，B项“从国内业务中获得更多的经济效益”，C项“更重视他们的海外业务”，D项“渴望去海外工作”。文章第二段提到“Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. 深入参与这项新技术的是一群现代商人，他们越来越重视跨国商业的经济价值”可知C项正确。3.词汇题。A项“因为缺乏洞察力而无法正确思考”； B项“与国内业务完全脱节”；C项“在国外失去晋升的机会”，D项“完全置之度外”。文章第三段提到“He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. 他或她可以确定，海外业务是公司成功计划的核心，外派往往意味着升职”是对out of sight and out of mind.的补充说明，选项C最符合题意，故选C。4.判断推理题。A项“与海外商业的联系”，B项“能说驻国语”，C项“技术知识”，D项“商业经验”。最后一段提到 “The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”可知B项是“当今国际公司在用人方面的一个重要考虑”，故选B。5.事实细节题。A项“更好地控制整个谈判过程”，B项“很容易找到新的方法来满足市场需求”，C项“迅速向总部反馈他们的建议”，D项“容易与海外商人交朋友”。文章最后一段提到“The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”，可知A项“更好地控制整个谈判的进程”正确。BCD三项在文中均未提及。4. 单选题While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process, says a report released today by the National Education Commission on Time and Learning.The commissions report, titled Prisoners of Time, calls the fixed clock and calendar in American education a fundamental design flaw” in desperate need of change. Time should serve children instead of children serving time, the report says.The two-year commission found that holding American students to world-class standards will require more time for classroom instruction. We have been asking the impassible of our students-that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subjects, it states.The Commission compared the relationships between time and learning in Japan, Germany, and the United States and found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. On average, American students can earn a high school diploma if they spend only 41 percent of their school time on academics, says the report.American students spend an average of three hours a day on “core” academics such as English, math, science, and history, the commission found. Their report recommends offering a minimum of 5.5 hours of academics every school day.The nine-member commission also recommends lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services, they should keep school doors open longer each day and each year, says John Hodge Jones, superintendent of schools in Murfreesboro, Tenn., and chairman of the commission.The typical school year in American public schools is 180 days. Eleven states allow school years of 175 days or less, and only one state requires more than 180 days.For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools, says Milton Goldberg, executive director of the commission. “Butif reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museumsan exhibit from our education past1.Compared with the academic courses more than a hundred years ago, the academic courses now（ ）.2.The researches by the commission mentioned in the passage are most concerned about（ ）.3.As is mentioned in the passage, schools in the United States do the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.American students differ from those in Japan, Germany in that（ ）.5.Executive director of the commission Milton Goldberg would most probably agree that（ ）.问题1选项A.include some extra-curricular activitiesB.focus more on education of social supportC.demand students more contribution of timeD.remain more or less what they used to be问题2选项A.the time attributed to academic learningB.the components of school educationC.the changes in education in the recent centuryD.the fashion of education management问题3选项A.providing important outside-academic activitiesB.serving social units such as family and communityC.arranging six-hour teaching and learning every dayD.having competition with schools of other countries问题4选项A.they stay at school for a shorter time every dayB.they do not learn as much as their counterparts abroadC.they devote less time to academic learningD.they earn a high school diploma more easily问题5选项A.what the education reform advocates have done is not good enoughB.the time of school day and school year should be extended.C.visiting museums can improve students academic learning ability.D.social support and extra-curricular activities should be cancelled.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。第一段中的“While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.虽然公立学校的任务已经拓展到教育以外的社会支持和课外活动，但在一个多世纪里学术时间安排却变化很小。” 可推断D“仍然跟过去差不多”正确；故C“要求学生贡献更多时间”不正确。 A “extra-curricular activities课外活动”属于学校任务，不属于学术课程；B “更注重社会支持的教育”文中没有提及。2.事实细节题。 第二段中“ Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process，在学校改革的过程中，恢复以学术为导向的学校教学日和跳出有时限的传统教育是学校改革进程至关重要的步骤” 可推断A“用到学术学习上的时间”正确；故C“最近这个世纪的教育变化”不正确。B“学校教育的构成”及D“教学管理的方式”在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。由倒数第三段中“If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services. 如果学校想继续提供学术核心以外的重要活动，以及充当家庭和社区服务的中心”可推断A与B在文中有提及；由倒数第四段中“.lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.延长传统的6小时教学日时长可推断C在文中有提及；D“和其他国家的学校进行竞争”在文中没有提及，故D项为正确选项。4.事实细节题。由第五段中 “ .found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. 发现美国学生接受的基本学术教育不到日本和德国学生的一半”可推知C “与德国和日本的学生不同的是美国学生在学术学习上投入的时间较少”正确。A“美国学生每天在校时间较少”在文中没有提及，由第四段中“that they learn as much as their foreign p