2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解50

2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题If each representative present here makes his usual speech, the meeting will be （ ）more than an hour.问题1选项A.expandedB.prolongedC.delayedD.exceeded【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项expand“扩张”；B选项prolong“延长”；C选项delay“延迟”；D选项exceed“超过”。句意：如果每位出席的代表都像往常一样发言，会议将延长一个多小时。选项B符合句意。2. 翻译题Put the following into Chinese.Where the paradigm of war applies, the executive dominates in deciding who lives or dies. Justice OConnor nonetheless claimed in Hamdi (案件名称)that the war on terror does not give the executive a blank check (自由处理权) to do as it pleases in the name of security. If one accepts this premise, then the question becomes how to control the executives war power without unduly hampering it. Under a Mathews-style approach, to determine whether due process demands a particular procedural control over targeted killing (ARA), one should: (a) identify the range of legitimate interests that the procedure might protect; (b) assess the degree to which adoption of the procedure actually would protect these interests; and (c) weigh these marginal benefits against the damage the procedure may cause to other legitimate interests.Judicial control of targeted killing could increase the accuracy of target selection, reducing the danger of mistaken or illegal destruction of lives, limbs, and property. Independent judges who double-check targeting decisions could catch errors and cause executive officials to avoid making them in the first place.More broadly, judicial control of targeted killing could serve the interests of all people targets and non-targets in blocking the executive from exercising an unaccountable, secret power to kill. If possible, we should avoid a world in which the CIA or other executive officials have unbelievable power to decide who gets to live and who dies in the name of a shadow war that might never end. Everyone has a cognizable interest in stopping a slide into tyranny.【答案】在战争模式适用的情况下，行政机构主导决定谁生谁死。尽管如此，奥康纳法官在哈姆迪案件中声称，反恐战争并没有给行政机构自由处理权，让他们以安全的名义随心所欲地行事。如果人们接受这一前提，那么问题就变成了如何在不过度阻碍行政权力的前提下控制其战争权力。根据马修斯风格的方法，要确定正当程序是否需要对有目标的杀戮(ARA)进行特定的程序控制，应该:(a)确定程序可能保护的合法利益范围;(b)评估采用这一程序实际能在多大程度上保护这些利益;(c)权衡这些边际利益与程序可能造成的其他合法利益的损害。对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以提高目标选择的准确性，减少错误或非法毁坏生命、肢体和财产的危险。反复检查目标决策的独立法官可能会发现错误，并导致行政官员一开始就避免制造这些错误。从更广泛的意义上讲，对有针对性杀戮的司法控制可以服务于所有人的利益，不管是目标人群和还是非目标人群，它可以阻止行政部门行使不负责任的秘密权力来进行杀戮。如果可能的话，我们应该避免这样一个世界：中央情报局或其他行政官员拥有令人难以置信的权力，以可能永远不会结束的影子战争的名义来决定谁生谁死。每个人对于反对暴政都有明显的兴趣。3. 单选题You should dim your lights in order not to dazzle the（ ） traffic.问题1选项A.meetingB.facingC.advancingD.oncoming【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项meeting“会面，会合”；B选项facing“面朝的，对面的”；C选项advancing“前进的，年长的”；D选项oncoming“接近的，迎面而来的”。句意：为了不使迎面而来的车辆眼花缭乱，你应该把灯调暗。选项D符合语境。4. 单选题The government officials estimate that the war has created more than half a million（ ）who need immediate food, clothing and shelter.问题1选项A.exilesB.hostagesC.survivorsD.refugees【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项exile“放逐，流放”；B选项hostage“人质，抵押品”；C选项survivor“幸存者”；D选项refugee“难民，逃亡者”。句意：政府官员估计，战争导致50多万难民急需食物、衣服和住所。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题My brother is a painter and works in a（ ）.问题1选项A.studioB.stallC.senateD.stage【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项studio“工作室，画室”；B选项stall“货摊”；C选项senate“参议院”；D选项stage“舞台”。句意：我的兄弟是个画家，在一个画室工作。选项A符合语境。6. 单选题Im sure that I can soon（ ）him into accepting our plan.问题1选项A.sayB.speakC.talkD.tell【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。talk sb into.表示“说服某人做某事”。句意：我确信我很快就能说服他接受我们的计划。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题A good scientist（ ）into all aspects of a problem in order to find solutions.问题1选项A.pricksB.pokesC.probesD.peers【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项prick“戳，扎破”；B选项poke“戳，刺”；C选项probe“调查”；D选项peer“凝视”。句意：一个好的科学家会对调查问题的各个方面，以便找到解决办法。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct; it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. This plate is growing on both sides, and since there is on intermediate trench the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them. Atlantic theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic, where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their Floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earths surface and seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs; there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin; such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea. and perhaps then North Sea.1.According to the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basins, which of the following is sufficient to move the continental plates?2.The author refers to a “conveyor belt” (Lines 5, Para. 1) in order to（ ）.3.The author regards the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basin（ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following are separated by a plate that is growing on both sides?问题1选项A.Spreading of ocean trenches.B.Movement of mid-ocean ridges.C.Sinking of ocean basins.D.Differences in temperature under oceans and continents.问题2选项A.illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle.B.show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continentC.demonstrate the linear of the Mid Atlantic RidgeD.describe the complicated motions made possibly by back coupling问题3选项A.guarded skepticismB.absolute indifferenceC.indignant angerD.complete disbelief问题4选项A.The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan.B.The South Atlantic Ridge and the North Sea Ridge.C.The Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic Ridge.D.The Mid Atlantic Ridge and the Indian Ocean Ridge【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第二句“The traditional view supposes that under the continents. 传统的观点认为，当地球的上地幔长时间受到微力的作用会变成液体，以及海洋和大陆的温差在地球的地幔中足以产生对流，海洋中脊下的对流上升，大陆下的对流下降。”由此可知，是海洋与大陆的温差造成了板块的移动，所以选项D符合原文。2.作者意图题。根据关键词“conveyor belt”定位到第一段第三句“Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge.理论上来说，这种对流会带动大陆板块，就像在传送带上一样，并提供洋脊产生分裂所需的动力。”由此可知，作者把对流运动比喻成传送带，是为了说明对流运动产生的影响，所以选项A正确。3.观点态度题。根据原文中所提及的“This view may be correct”以及“On the other hand, the theory is implausible（难以置信的）”说明作者对传统观点的态度是持保留意见的怀疑，所以选项A正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息“growing on both sides”定位到第二段第三句“This plate is growing on both sides.”这里的“this”即上文提及的“the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean”，所以选项D正确。9. 单选题Mr. Morton gradually（ ）the knowledge of the subject.问题1选项A.attainedB.requiredC.acquiredD.enquired【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项attain“达到，实现”；B选项 require“要求”；C选项acquire“获得，学到”；D选项enquire“询问”。句意：Morton先生渐渐掌握了这门课程的知识。选项C更符合语境。10. 单选题How fast is your personal computer? When people ask this question, they are typically referring to the frequency of a minuscule clock inside the computer, a crystal oscillator that set the basic rhythm used throughout the machine. In a computer with a speed of one gigahertz （千兆赫），for example, the crystal licks” a billion times a second. Every action of the computer takes place in tiny steps, each a billionth of a second long. A simple transfer of data may take only one step; complex calculations may take many steps. All operations, however, must begin and end according to the clocks timing signals.Because most modem computers use a single rhythm, we call them synchronous. Inside the computers microprocessor chip, a clock distribution system delivers the timing signals from the crystal oscillator to the various circuits, just as sound in air delivers the beat of a drum to soldiers to set their marching pace. Because all parts of the chip share the same rhythm, the output of any circuit from one step can serve as the input to any other circuit for the next step. The synchronization provided by the clock helps chip designers plan sequences of actions for the computer.The use of a central clock also creates problems. As speeds have increased, distributing the timing signals has become more and more difficult. Present-day transistors can process data so quickly that they can accomplish several steps in the time that it takes a wire to carry a signal from one side of the chip to the other. Keeping the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful to the other. Keeping the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful design and a great deal of electrical power. Wouldnt it be nice to have an alternative?Our research group at Sun Microsystems Laboratories seeks such alternatives. Along with several other groups worldwide, we are investigating ways to design computing systems in which each part can proceed at its own pace instead of depending on the rhythm of a central clock. We call such systems asynchronous. Each part of an asynchronous system may extend or shorten the timing of its steps when walking across rough terrain.1.What determines the rhythm of the personal computer?2.Why does the author mention sound in air in the second paragraph?3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of the use of a central clock?4.The word “alternative” means（ ）.5.We can infer from the article that（ ）.问题1选项A.An alarming clock.B.A crystal oscillator.C.Complex calculations.D.The clocks timing signals.问题2选项A.To illustrate the timing signals are delivered in a similar way sound travels in air.B.To show us that timing signals speed can be as fast as that of sound.C.Because the wave of timing signals is similar to the sound wave.D.Because sound is delivered by timing signals.问题3选项A.Distributing the timing signals is more difficult when speeds are higher.B.It has to take a wire to carry a signal from one side of the chip to the other.C.Careful design is necessary to keep the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip.D.A great deal of electrical power is required to a whole chip synchronous.问题4选项A.methodB.substituteC.answerD.machine问题5选项A.the structure of an asynchronous system is different from that of a synchronous system.B.the central clock sets the rhythm of parts of an asynchronous systemC.each part of an asynchronous system can change the rhythm of the central clock.D.searching for better replacement for the synchronous system is an international problem.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“How fast is your personal computer? When people ask this question, they are typically referring to the frequency of a minuscule clock inside the computer, a crystal oscillator that set the basic rhythm used throughout the machine.你的电脑有多快？当人们问这个问题时，他们通常指的是计算机内部一个微小时钟的频率，它是一个晶体振荡器，设定了整个机器使用的基本节奏。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据原文句意“在计算机的微处理器芯片中，一个时钟分配系统将晶体振荡器发出的定时信号传送到各个电路中，就像鼓声通过空气传播给士兵，以此来确定他们行进的步伐一样。”由此可推断，这里提到鼓声在空气中传播是为了说明定时信号的传递和声音在空气中传播的方式是类似的，所以选项A正确。3.判断推理题。根据第三段第二句“As speeds have increased, distributing the timing signals has become more and more difficult. 随着速度的提高，定时信号的分配变得越来越困难。”选项A符合原文；根据第三段倒数第二句“Keeping the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful design and a great deal of electrical power. 要使一个大芯片的所有部件都保持相同的节奏，需要精心的设计和大量的电力。”选项C和D符合原文。选项B是由于速度过快导致的结果而不是缺点，所以不正确，本题选B。4.词义题。结合原文内容可知，“alternative” 意为“替代品”，选项B与之意思相近。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第一句“Our research group at Sun Microsystems Laboratories seeks such alternatives. Along with several other groups worldwide, 我们在太阳微系统实验室的研究组正在寻找这样的替代品。和世界上其他几个组织一起.”由此可推断，寻找更好的同步系统替代品是一个国际性问题，选项D正确。选项A，B，C均是事实，不是推导出来的，所以不符合题意。11. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English第二条：专利法所称发明，是指对产品、方法或者其改进所提出的新的技术方案。综上所述，原告认为：原告与被告天津天利食品有限公司签订的借款合同及抵押合同合法有效，理应全面、实际履行。从广义上来讲，中国司法体系的机构设置由三大部分组成：人民法院系统、人民检察院系统和公安机关系统。本协议经有关双方如期签署后生效，有效期为一年，从2010年2月1日至2011年1月31日。【答案】Article 2: The invention in patent law refers to the new technical solution put forward to products, methods and their improvement.As a whole, the accuser believe that the contract for loan and mortgage contract, made by the accuser and the accused Tianjin Tianli Food Co. Ltd., are effective and should be fulfilled entirely and practically.In its broad sense, the structural establishment in Chinas judicial system consists of three main parts, namely peoples court system, peoples procuratorate system and public security organ system.After being signed by both parties concerned as scheduled, the contract will become valid for one year from February 1, 2010 to January 31, 2011.12. 单选题The fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then again as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But he made no account of this.The trees on the wood edge were a darkish, brownish green in the full lightfor it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copper-like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light. The fowls were round aboutthe ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distanceand she did not hear. What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were, held back.She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spellboundshe knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he has not daunted.She struggled, confusedly she came to herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather, she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, softly, soft as the wind.She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly, pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither.As soon as supper was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why. She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, and his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him: she was possessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashed eye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the greyish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, half contemptuous and cunning. So she went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhile the night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees.1.At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to be all EXCEPT（ ）.2.As the story proceeds. March begins to feel under the spell of（ ）.3.Gradually March seems to be in a state of（ ）.4.At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of（ ）between March and the fox.5.The passage creates an overall impression of （ ）.问题1选项A.cunningB.fierceC.defiantD.annoying问题2选项A.the lightB.the treesC.the nightD.the fox问题3选项A.blanknessB.imaginationC.sadnessD.excitement问题4选项A.detachmentB.angerC.intimacyD.conflict问题5选项A.mysteryB.horrorC.livelinessD.contempt.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“The fox really exasperated them both.狐狸真的把他们都激怒了”可知选项D“恼人的”正确；根据第一段第三句“And he was so sly.并且他是如此的狡猾。”可知选项A“狡猾的”正确；根据第一段最后一句“But he made no account of this.但是他却不把（March向他开枪）这件事放在心上。”也就是说，狐狸这里是在挑衅March，所以选项C“挑衅的”也正确。只有选项B在文中没有提及，所以本题选B。2.细节事实题。根据第三段最后两句“And he knew her. She was spellbound she knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he has not daunted.他（狐狸）认识她。她被迷住了她知道他认识她。所以他看着她的眼睛，她的灵魂辜负了她。他认识她，并不畏惧。”由此可知，March是被狐狸迷住了。所以选项D正确。3.判断推理题。根据原文第五段最后三句“So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither.于是她心不在焉地在树林边上走来走去，一双明亮的黑眼睛睁得大大的，两颊微微泛起红晕。她什么都没有想。她莫名其妙地走来走去。”由此可知，March似乎进入了一种放空的状态，选项A正确。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“She did not so much think of him: she was possessed by him. . She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the greyish white.她并不怎么想他，而是被他迷住了。.她感到他无形地控制了她的灵魂。她知道他抬起头来时下巴是怎样垂下来的，她知道他的口鼻是怎样的，金褐色的，灰白色的。”由此可推断，在故事的结尾，March和狐狸之间似乎有亲昵的感觉，选项C正确。5.判断推理题。结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲的是March和狐狸之间的故事。根据原文中的描述可知，全文整体营造的是一种神秘的氛围，所以选项A正确。13. 单选题The banners are packed, the tickets booked. The glitter and white overalls have been bought. The gas masks just fit and the mobile phones are ready. All that remains is to get to the