2022-2023年考博英语-辽宁大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第33期

2022-2023年考博英语-辽宁大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The young artist creates（ ）.问题1选项A.marble translucent sculpturesB.translucent marble sculpturesC.marble sculptures translucentD.translucent sculptures marble【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词序。当名词前有多个形容词做定语时，这些形容词的排序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、物主代词、数词等）+表示观点的描述性形容词+形状、大小、长短、高低+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、地区+物质材料+中心词。translucent（半透明的）指颜色，marble（大理石）指物质材料，sculpture（雕像）是中心词，因此选B。句意：这位年轻的艺术家创造了半透明的大理石雕像。2. 单选题The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper, adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a/an（21）for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it fulfils a variety of functions in human life.The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the（22）of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest.（23）by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly identify themselves with different characters. Americans have been concerned about the prevalence of violence in the media and its（24）harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, new media（25）, such as video games, cable television, music videos, and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, these media, along with television,（26）public concern and research attention.Another large societal concern on our young generation（27）by the media, is body image.（28）forces can influence body image positively or negatively. For one, societal and cultural norms and mass media marketing impact our concepts of beauty. In the mass media, the images of（29）beauty fill magazines and newspapers, beam from our televisions and entertain us at the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media play on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a（30）defined standard of attractiveness, an ideal that carries unrealistic physical expectations.问题1选项A.alternativeB.preferenceC.substituteD.representative问题2选项A.riskB.mercyC.heightD.expense问题3选项A.AbsorbedB.AttractedC.ArousedD.Addicted问题4选项A.disposedB.seemingC.implicitD.potential问题5选项A.mergedB.emergedC.immergedD.submerged问题6选项A.promoteB.propelC.promptD.prosper问题7选项A.inspiredB.imposedC.deliveredD.contributed问题8选项A.ExternalB.ExteriorC.ExplicitD.Exposed问题9选项A.generalizedB.regularizeC.standardizedD.categorized问题10选项A.barelyB.carefullyC.narrowlyD.subjectively【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:C第10题:C【解析】21.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项alternative“二中择一，可供替代的选择”；B选项 preference与介词for搭配时意为“对的偏爱，爱好”；C选项substitute“替代品，代替品”，常与介词for连用；D选项representative“代表，典型”，一般指人。句意：大众传媒作为一些机构和社会关系的（ ），影响着我们年轻人的生活。根据句意可知空格处应填最能体现大众传媒和一些机构之间的关系的名词，因此C选项正确。22.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项“at the risk of （冒的危险）”；B选项“at the mercy of （受支配）”；C选项“at the height（在的最盛时，在的高潮中）”；D选项“at the expense of （以为代价）”。句意：花在电视屏幕前的时间通常是以休闲为（ ）的：用于游戏、娱乐和休息的时间更少了。根据句意可知后半句是前半句的补充说明，所以D选项更符合句意，意为“花在电视屏幕前的时间通常是以休闲为代价的”，因此D选项正确。23.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项absorb常与介词in搭配，表示“注意力集中于，被吸引”；B选项attract常和介词by搭配，意为“被吸引，对感兴趣”；C选项arouse“使行动起来，激发”；D选项addict常与介词to搭配动词，意为“使入迷，使成瘾”。句意：孩子们被屏幕上发生的事情（ ），不仅模仿他们所看到的，而且直接把自己和不同的人物联系起来。空格处是过去分词结构作状语，因此填入的分词要和后面的介词by搭配，而且要符合上下文意。因此B选项正确。24.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项disposed“有倾向的；打算做的”；B选项seeming“表面上的，看似的”；C选项implicit“（语言上）含蓄的，暗示的”；D选项potential“潜在的，可能的”，指将来可能形成的。句意：美国人关注媒体中暴力的流行及其对儿童和青少年的（ ）危害至少有40年了。由上下文中的“concern about（关注）”和“for at least forty years（至少40年了）”可知，人们担忧的是一种潜在的危害。因此D选项正确。25.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项merge“结合，融合”；B选项emerge“出现，显现，浮现”；C选项immerge“浸入，隐没”；D选项submerge“淹没，完全掩盖”。句意：这一时期，电子游戏、有线电视、音乐视频、互联网等新媒体不断（ ）。media的修饰词是new，因此空格处应当表达“出现”的含义，因此B选项正确。26.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项promote“促进，推动”；B选项propel“推进，促使”；C选项prompt“促使，导致，激起”；D选项prosper“（使）繁荣，昌盛”。句意：随着它们的不断普及，这些媒体和电视一起，引起了公众的关注和研究的注意。因此C选项正确。27.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inspired“ 激发，鼓舞”；B选项imposed“迫使，把强加于”；C选项delivered“递送，发表，履行诺言，移交”；D选项contributed“有助于，促成”。句意：媒体对我们年轻一代施加的另一个社会关注是身体形象。因此B选项正确。28.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项external“ 外界的，外来的，指与其他物体分离或没有关系的外部，不涉及内容”；B选项exterior“外部的，外表的，外面的，强调位于事物的外表以上，但仍是该事物的一部分”；C选项explicit“清楚明白的，直截了当的”；D选项exposed“遮蔽的，无保护的（常用来修饰地方或人）”。句意：外部力量可以正面或负面地影响身体形象。因此A选项正确。29.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项generalized“广义的，普遍的，无显著特点的”；B选项regularized“使有规律的，使正规化”；C选项standardized“标准的，标准化的”；D选项categorized“分类的”。句意：在大众媒体中，标准的美女形象充斥着杂志和报纸，从电视中出现，在电影中为我们带来欢乐。因此C选项正确。30.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项barely“仅仅，勉强，几乎不”；B选项carefully“小心地”；C选项narrowly“狭隘地，狭窄的，勉强地”；D选项subjectively“主观地，臆想地”。句意：年轻人面对的是一个狭隘的吸引力标准，一个带有不切实际的生理期望的理想。因此C选项正确。3. 翻译题Hong Kong is held in high regard and there is a deep reservoir of goodwill for Hong Kong around the world. Hong Kongs strongest supporters internationally are those who know it well, and those who have visited Hong Kong since the Handover. There is wide recognition that Hong Kongs proximity to the Mainland of China and the experience the Hong Kong business community has in doing business there represent tremendous advantages for Hong Kong. Hong Kong business community must move fast if it is to fully leverage those advantages.Another challenge faced by Hong Kong is the perception that it must do a better job of publicizing the significant added value it offers in face of what is seen as the high cost of doing business and living in Hong Kong. Hong Kongs people, and their reputation for hard work and entrepreneurship, are seen as one of its greatest assets. However, there is concern expressed by some in the community that sufficient steps are not being taken to maintain high standards of English language capability, particularly with the young people entering the workforce.【答案】【参考译文】世界对香港的评价很高，有关香港的溢美之词不胜枚举。香港在国际上最坚定的支持者是那些很了解它的人，和那些自香港回归以来踏足香港的外地朋友。人们普遍认为，香港与中国大陆毗邻的地理位置以及香港商界的经商经验对香港来说都是巨大的优势。如果香港商界想要充分利用那些优势，那么必须快速地行动起来。香港面临的另一个挑战是，在面对看似高昂的商业和生活成本时，需要认识到更好地宣传其所提供的重要附加值的必要性。香港人，以及他们努力工作和拥有创业精神的声誉被看成是香港最主要的资产之一。然而，香港商界的一些人担心，政府现在没有采取足够的措施去维持高水平的英语语言能力，尤其是进入职场的年轻人的英语能力。4. 单选题He made some （ ）sketches which would serve as guides when he painted the actual portrait.问题1选项A.primaryB.elementaryC.fundamentalD.preliminary【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。primary意为“首要的，主要的，初级的，最初的”，指处于初级或低级状态；elementary意为“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始阶段，或指学习某一学科或接受教育等处于入门阶段或只是刚刚接触的基本知识或原理； fundamental意为“基础的，基本的，根本的”，指作为基础、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意为“初步的，初级的”指在正式开始举某活动之前进行的“初步的、预备的”活动。由sketches（草图）可知选D。句意：他画了一些初步的草图，作为他画肖像之前的指导。5. 翻译题人类文化从整体来说，是各国、各民族文化汇聚、交流的产物。现代国际间的文化交流，更是以空前的规模、内容、形式和手段，在直接间接地进行着。交流促进发展。一个国家、一个民族，只要不是由于主观和客观的种种原因而长期处于孤立、闭塞的状态之中，或多或少都可以从交流中得到好处。事实上，在现代国家中，绝对不受外来影响的固有文化是不存在的。一位外国的著名历史学家曾经说过：“任何国家的文明，来自外来影响的产物总是多于本国的发明创造。如果有人要把英国文化中任何受外国影响或来源于外国的东西剔除掉，那么，英国的文化就所剩无几了。”【答案】【参考译文】Taken as a whole, human culture is the product of the merging of and exchange between the culture of all nations and nationalities. Modern international cultural exchange goes directly and indirectly with its scale, content, form and method being unheard of before.Communication promotes development. A country, or a nation, if not in a state of isolation for a long period for reasons either subjective or objective, will benefit from this exchange to a greater or less extent.In fact, an intrinsic culture absolutely immune to foreign influence is non-existent. A well-known foreign historian once said: “The civilization of any country is much more the product of external influences than of native invention. Very little would remain of English culture if all its elements which have a foreign origin or bears some foreign influence were eliminated.”6. 单选题The odd noises and flashes of light in the empty house completely baffled him.问题1选项A.horrifiedB.surroundedC.perplexedD.surprised【答案】C【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项horrified“惊骇，使惊悚”；B选项surrounded“包围，围住”；C选项perplexed“困惑，迷茫，惶恐”；D选项surprised“使惊奇，惊讶”。句意：空房子里奇怪的声音和闪光把他完全弄糊涂了。Baffle“使困惑；使受挫折”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。7. 单选题Flood,（ ）and famine are natural disasters often facing the people in the peninsula.问题1选项A.warB.sanctionC.overpopulationD.drought【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项war“战争，斗争，军事，竞争”；B选项sanction“制裁，处罚，认可，支持”；C选项overpopulation“人口过剩”；D选项drought“干旱，久旱”。句意：洪水、（ ）和饥荒是半岛人民经常面临的自然灾害。题干中主要谈论natural disasters自然灾害，空格前后也都是自然因素。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The eastern slopes of the Catskill Mountains are （precipitous）, but the western slopes decline more gradually.问题1选项A.erodedB.snowboundC.heavily forestedD.extremely steep【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。precipitous意为“陡峭的，险峻的”；eroded意为“被腐蚀的，毁坏的”；snowbound意为“被雪困住的，被雪封住的”；heavily forested意为“被密集/高密度的森林覆盖的”；extremely steep意为“非常陡峭，极其陡峭”。句意：卡兹基尔山脉的东坡很陡峭，但西坡逐渐下降。9. 单选题Do you think he will relinquish his seat in the Senate?问题1选项A.admonishB.give upC.cedeD.accept【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。relinquish意为“(尤指不情愿地) 放弃”；admonish意为“劝告”；give up意为“放弃”，指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃；cede意为“让给，割让（常表示被迫）”；accept意为“接受，同意”。句意：你认为他会放弃他在参议院的席位吗？10. 单选题In any commercial transaction a consumer must have confidence that the business whose product they are about to purchase is reliable and that the product being offered is worth the price that is paid. The importance in gaining and maintaining is especially true when the consumer and business do not share commonalities of geography, culture and/or legal framework. The best companies always understand this expectation and continually strive to exceed it. Other companies -including many newer online merchants -may have good intentions, but lack the skills or experience to turn the consumers expectation into a reality. A few companies will intentionally seek to exploit this consumers expectation.How to separate these companies in a virtual world is not always easy, and has been the subject of intensive discussion by consumer groups, businesses and governments. Moreover, policing the companies in the virtual market place is perceived to a daunting challenge. These discussions have generally focused on three key ideas.Codes of Conduct for On-line Business: Individual corporations, business associations and/or governments around the world have worked to develop Codes of Conduct, Guidelines. Principles, or Best Practice, etc. for on-line businesses. They describe the actions that a Company should take to protect a consumers rights. They may be included on the companys website and a consumer can review them before making a purchase.Trademark: To increase consumers confidence that a company will act in accordance with a code of conduct or best practices, a third party Tmstmark is often used. The concept is that by displaying Trustmark. The company represents that it is subject to external oversight. The company would not be allowed to display the third party mark if the companys action were inconsistent with what is contained in the Code of Conduct or similar document. Trustmarks are most useful when they have strong brand recognition and credibility among customers.Dispute Resolution: Consumers confidence relies on the belief that any dispute will be settled quickly and fairly either by the company directly or through some other means. In the bricks and mortar world a consumer usually has the ability to inspect product before purchasing it and- if it is defective- return it for a refund, repair or replacement. Most of companies see this form of dispute resolution as their own best interest and an extension of their customer relation programs. While the same holds true in the world of on-line transactions, the critical difference is that a consumer cant inspect the product before purchasing, and instead has to rely on the merchants photos or descriptions of the product. In both the traditional and on-line world, when dispute cannot be resolved directly between the consumer and the company, the merchant and the consumer must resort to other means. These often include appeals to consumer protection agencies, recourse to the courts, or use of alternative dispute resolution systems.1.The topic of the article is（ ）.2.When there exist differences in culture, legal framework and geography between consumers and businesses, what appear(s) more important?3.What are the three focuses discussed and considered important in market place?4.In which case is Trustmark most influential?5.What are other ways to resolve disputes besides refund, repair and replacement?问题1选项A.meeting consumers expectation in the market placeB.resolving disputeC.displaying TrustmarksD.setting codes of conduct问题2选项A.The businesss reliability.B.The companies understanding of consumers expectation.C.The products being worth the price being paidD.Gaining and maintaining that confidence.问题3选项A.Confidence, good intentions and best practices.B.Trustmark, right usage and new concepts.C.Codes of conduct, Trustmark and dispute resolution.D.Cooperation, good intensions and dispute resolution.问题4选项A.When companies are well recognized and well believed in.B.When companies have a powerful trademark.C.When a companys actions are inconsistent with its Codes of Conduct.D.When mutual credibility exists.问题5选项A.To resolve the disputes between the consumer and the company.B.Appealing to consumer protection agencies; resourcing to the courts; or using of alternative dispute resolution systems.C.To resort to other means.D.To go to the market place.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段中提出了consumers expectation（消费者的需求），B、C、D选项是围绕如何满足市场消费者的需求展开论述的点，因此选A。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The importance in gaining and maintaining is especially true when the consumer and business do not share commonalities of geography, culture and/or legal framework.（当消费者和企业不共享地理、文化和/或法律框架的共同点时，获得和维持信心的重要性尤其正确）可知选D。3.细节事实题。根据题干信息“the three focuses”可定位至文章第二段中的最后一句话These discussions have generally focused on three key ideas（这些讨论一般集中在三个关键的想法上），由之后每一段的句首Codes of Conduct for On-line Business（网上业务行为守则）；Trademark（商标）；Dispute Resolution（纠纷解决）可知选C。4.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Trustmarks are most useful when they have strong brand recognition and credibility among customers.（当Trustmark在客户中具有很强的品牌知名度和可信度时，它是最有用的）可知A选项“当公司得到广泛的认可和信任的时候”符合题意。5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的These often include appeals to consumer protection agencies, recourse to the courts, or use of alternative dispute resolution systems.（这些措施通常包括向消费者保护机构提出上诉、诉诸法院或使用其他争端解决系统）可知选B。11. 单选题The surgical instruments have to be （ ）before use to prevent infection.问题1选项A.heatedB.scaldedC.sterilizedD.burned【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。heat意为“加热，变热”；scald意为“烫伤”；sterilize意为“消毒，灭菌”；burn意为“燃烧”。由句中后面的目的状语to prevent infection（为了预防感染）可知The surgical instruments（手术器械）应该消毒，因此选C。句意：手术器械使用前必须消毒，以防感染。12. 单选题Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both “normal” and having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not.Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United States. These economics employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace. Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market and inefficient about price-fixing, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development. There is no indication that they have.Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In the early 1970s, the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise less influence than are capital firms; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（ ）.2.The authors attitude toward Most economists in the United States” (Para, 1) can best be described as（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the authors argument that a price fixed by the seller “seems pernicious” (Para, 1) because（ ）.4.The suggestion in the passage that price-fixing in industrialized societies is normal arises from the authors statement that price-fixing is（ ）.问题1选项A.refute the theory that the free market plays a useful role in the development of industrialized societiesB.suggest methods by which economists and members of the government of the Unite States can recognize and combat price-fixing by large firmsC.show that in industrialized societies price-fixing and the operation of the free market are not only compatible but also mutually beneficialD.argue that price-fixing, in one form or another, is an inevitable part of and benefit to the economy of any industrialized society问题2选项A.spiteful and enviousB.scornful and denunciatoryC.critical and condescendingD.ambivalent but deferential问题3选项A.people do not have confidence in large firmsB.people do not expect the government to regulate pricesC.most economists believe that consumers as a group should determine pricesD.most economists associate fixed prices with communist and socialist economies问题4选项A.a profitable result of economic developmentB.an inevitable result of the industrial systemC.the result of a number of carefully organized decisionsD.a phenomenon common to industrialized and non-industrialized societies【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段指出美国的大多数经济学家都被自由市场的魅力所迷惑，事实上，在所有工业化社会中，价格固定都是正常的，因为工业体系本身提供了它所需要的价格固定，这是它自身发展的毫不费力的结果。随后文章对定价进行了详细的分析，因此D选项“认为以某种形式的价格固定是任何工业化社会经济的必然组成部分，并对其有益”符合题意。2.观点态度题。由文章第二段中的Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-s