2022年考博英语-苏州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解28

2022年考博英语-苏州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Movie directors use music to （ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。contaminate “污染，弄脏”；compliment “恭维，称赞”；contemplate “沉思，注视”；complement “补足，补助”。句意：电影导演运用音乐去补充屏幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Almost all libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within their （ ） now.问题1选项A.digestB.budgetC.supplementD.stocking【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。digest “文摘，摘要”；budget “预算”；supplement “增补品，补品”；stocking “长筒袜”。句意：几乎所有的图书馆现在都发现他们的开支越来越难以保持在预算之内。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题There is a confused notion in the minds of many persons, that are gathering of the property of the poor into the hands of the rich does no ultimate harm, since in whosever hands it may be, it must be spent at last, and thus, they think, return to the poor again. This fallacy has been again and again exposed; but granting the plea true, the same apology may, of course, be made for blackmail, or any other form of robbery. It might for the nation that the robber should have the spending of the money he extorts, as that the person robbed should have spent it. But this is no excuse for the theft. If I were to put a turnpike on the road where it passes my own gate, and endeavor to exact a shilling from every passenger the public would soon do away with my gate, without listening to any pleas on my part that it was as advantageous to them, in the end, that I should spend their shillings, as that they themselves should. But if, instead of outfacing them with a turnpike, I can only persuade them to come in and buy stones, or old iron, or any other useless thing, out of my ground, I may rob them to the same extent and, moreover, be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity. And this main question for the poor of England - for the poor of all countries - is wholly omitted in every treatise on the subject of wealth. Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of capital is regarded only in its effect on their immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything; but is matters fearfully what the thing is which he is compelled to make. If his labor is so ordered as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low, the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them. But if he is paid to destroy food and fresh air, or to produce iron bars instead of them, the food and air will finally not be there, and he will not get them, to his great and final inconvenience. So that, conclusively, in political as in household economy, the great question is, not so much what money you have in your pocket, as what you will buy with it and do with it.1.We may infer that the author probably lived in the （ ）.2.It can be inferred that the author probably favors （ ）.3.It can be inferred that in regard to the accumulation of wealth the author （ ）.4.According to the views expressed in the passage, people should be happiest doing which of the following?5.The author of the above passage would probably react to an energy shortage by （ ）.问题1选项A.1960s in the United StatesB.Golden Age of GreeceC.early days of British industrializationD.England of King Arthur问题2选项A.capitalismB.totalitarianismC.socialismD.anarchism问题3选项A.equates the rich with the thiefB.says that the robber is a benefactorC.condones some dishonesty in business dealingsD.indicates that there are few honest businessmen问题4选项A.mining ore for the manufacture of weapons.B.cleaning sewage ponds at a treatment plant.C.waiting tables for a rich man.D.helping a poor man do his job.问题5选项A.blaming the rich for the problemB.supporting the search for more oilC.fomenting revolution by the doorD.urging that energy be used more efficiently and effectively【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推断题。根据文章 “And this main question for the poor of England - for the poor of all countries - is wholly omitted in every treatise on the subject of wealth.”，可知对于英国的穷人，对于所有国家的穷人，这一问题在所有关于财富的论述中都被完全忽略了。可推断出作者生活在英国。下文讨论了劳动者的生产问题，可推断出此时英国处于工业化初级阶段。选项C符合题意。2.作者态度题。根据文章 “Even by the laborers themselves, the operation of capital is regarded only in its effect on their immediate interests, never in the far more terrific power of its appointment of the kind and the object of labor. It matters little, ultimately, how much a laborer is paid for making anything; but is matters fearfully what the thing is which he is compelled to make.”，可知资本主义生产带来了一系列的问题，提出劳动者生产任何东西的报酬多少无关紧要，问题在于他们被迫生产的东西是什么，并且能够用自己的财产干什么。可判断出作者认为应该对个人的生产和财产使用进行规定，可推断出作者对社会主义表示赞成。选项C符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章， “If I were to put a turnpike on the road where it passes my own gateout of my ground, I may rob them to the same extent and, moreover, be thanked as a public benefactor and promoter of commercial prosperity.”，可知作者举了一个例子说明了关于财富积累，作者暗示了诚实的商人其实很少。选项D符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章， “If his labor is so ordered as to produce food, fresh air, and fresh water, no matter that his wages are low, the food and the fresh air and water will be at last there, and he will at last get them.So that, conclusively, in political as in household economy, the great question is, not so much what money you have in your pocket, as what you will buy with it and do with it.”，可知对于劳动者来说，最大的问题不是有多少钱，而是能用钱买什么和做什么，如果是对生活有利的事，那人们会感到快乐。可推断出清洁污水处理厂的污水池是人们会喜欢的，因为可以带来好的环境，对生活有利。选项B符合题意。5.推断题。整篇文章主要提到了财富集中在富人手中会对带来许多问题，如果财富完全由富人来支配，那么会对生产和使用方式带来危害。可推断出作者会把资源短缺的问题归咎于富人。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Roman literature never ceased to （ ）influence in the Middle Ages, and this influence became much greater in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries when more Roman works became known.问题1选项A.exertB.practiceC.resistD.stage【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。exert “运用，发挥，施以影响”；practice “练习”；resist “拒绝”；stage “举行，上演”。句意：罗马文学在中世纪的影响从未停止，这种影响在14和15世纪，当更多的罗马作品被了解后，这种影响变得更大。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题A beam of light will not bend round comers unless （ ） to do so with the help of a reflecting device.问题1选项A.madeB.being madeC.having madeD.to be made【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知unless引导条件状语从句，主语为a beam of light和make之间存在被动关系，选项C可排除。又因为题目中描述的情况为客观事实，所以选用一般现在时态，选项B和D可排除。选用非谓语动词made表被动即可。句意：一束光只有在反射仪器的帮助下才能弯成圆角。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were （ ） by the noise from the next room.问题1选项A.distractedB.displacedC.dispersedD.discarded【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。distract “转移，分心”；displace “取代，置换”；disperse “分散，使散开”；discard “抛弃，放弃”。句意：虽然我们努力集中精力听讲座，但隔壁房间的噪音分散了我们的注意力。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously （ ）relations between the two countries.问题1选项A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。tumble “使摔倒，弄乱”；jeopardize “危害，危及”；manipulate “操纵，操作”；intimidate “恐吓，威胁”。句意：在贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国之间的关系。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题No form of government in the world is （ ）; each system reflects the history and present needs of the region or the nation.问题1选项A.dominantB.influentialC.integralD.drastic【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。dominant “显性的，占优势的”；influential “有影响力的，有势力的”；integral “完整的，整体的”；drastic “激烈的，猛烈的”。句意：世界上没有任何一种政府形式是占优势的，每一种制度都反映了该地区或民族的历史和现实需要。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题The childs hysterical crying （ ） the doctor from completing his examination.问题1选项A.fosteredB.spurredC.impededD.sustained【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。foster “培养，养育”；spur “激励，鞭策”；impede “阻碍”；sustain “维持”。句意：那孩子歇斯底里的哭声妨碍了医生完成检查。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题The dominant model of American legal education remains one in which students are taught how to argue aggressively, with no quarter given or taken, and how to fight an opposing viewpoint with （ ）technical skill.问题1选项A.programmedB.un-programmedC.uncompromisingD.promising【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。programmed “程序化的”；un-programmed “非程序化的”；uncompromising “不妥协的，坚定的”；promising “有希望的，有前途的”。句意：美国法律教育的主导模式仍然是这样一种模式:学生们被教导如何进行激烈的辩论，不退缩也不接受对方的怜悯，以及如何以毫不妥协的技巧与对立的观点进行斗争。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题Here in the US, before agricultural activities destroyed the natural balance, there were great migrations of Rocky Mountain locusts. Great migrating hordes of these insects once darkened the skies on the plains east of the Rockies where crops were often destroyed; the worst years were those from 1874 to 1877. One of these migrating swarms was estimated to contain 124 million locusts. During another migration in Nebraska it was estimated the swarm of locusts averaged half a mile high and was 100 miles wide and 300 miles long. Usually, these swarms take off from the ground against the wind, but, once airborne, they turn and fly with it. Warm convection currents help to lift them often to great heights. During the great locust plagues the situation became so serious that the original state constitution had to be rewritten to take care of the economic problems. The new document was known as “Grasshopper Constitution”. It is now believed that these locusts were a migratory form or phase of the lesser migratory locust, which is still common there. In this respect, the North American migratory locusts resemble their African relatives. In both regions the migratory forms arise as a result of crowding and climatic factors. Migratory forms are apparently natural adaptations which bring about dispersal when locust populations become too crowded. Fortunately for our farmers, the migratory form, the so-called spretus species, no longer seems to occur regularly, although there was a serious outbreak as late as 1938 in mid-western United States and Canada. Actually, there is no reason why the destructive migratory form might not again appear if circumstances should become favorable.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?2.It can be inferred from the passage that the state constitution of Nebraska was rewritten in order to （ ）.3.According to the passage, North American and African migratory locusts are similar in that （ ）.4.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?问题1选项A.The Life Cycle of Locusts.B.Migratory Locusts in the US.C.Locust Plagues in Nebraska.D.The Reproductive Capability of the Locust.问题2选项A.make the constitution more understandable to the publicB.encourage the farmers to leave the stateC.provide for a regular census of the locus populationD.solve difficulties that resulted from loss of crops问题3选项A.they always travel toward mountainous regionsB.their destructive activities occur only in plain areasC.climates affect their developmentD.they are both mentioned in state constitutions问题4选项A.The outbreak of locusts in 1938 was more serious than any other in history.B.Nebraska farmers had no locust problems in the years 1874 - 1877.C.There is a possibility that crops in the US might be destroyed by locusts in the future.D.There is a chance that African migratory locusts may make their way to the US.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.主旨题。本文主要讲述了美国的两次蝗灾，下文接着提到了内布拉斯加州政府修订了州宪法来解决蝗虫带来的经济灾难，最后提出预测，如果条件允许，蝗虫依然会迁徙而带来灾害。所以整篇文章都关于蝗虫的迁徙。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章， “During the great locust plagues the situation became so serious that the original state constitution had to be rewritten to take care of the economic problems.”，可知在蝗灾期间，情况变得如此严重，原来的州宪法不得不重写，以处理经济问题。可判断出内布拉斯加州的州宪法是为了解决因农作物减产而造成的经济问题。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章，“In this respect, the North American migratory locusts resemble their African relatives. In both regions the migratory forms arise as a result of crowding and climatic factors.”，可知在迁移形式上，北美和非洲的蝗虫很相似。在这两个区域，迁徙形式都是由于拥挤和气候因素而产生的。可判断出北美和非洲的蝗虫相似原因在于气候影响。选项C符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章，“the worst years were those from 1874 to 1877.”，可知最糟糕的年份是1874年到1877年。可判断出1938年不是最严重的一年，选项A可排除。文中只提到1874-1877年遇到了蝗灾问题，并没有提及内布拉斯加州是否发生，选项B可排除。根据文章最后一句，“there is no reason why the destructive migratory form might not again appear if circumstances should become favorable.”，可知如果情况有利，破坏性的迁移形式有可能会再次出现，并不能说明非洲蝗虫一定会迁徙到美国。选项D可排除。根据排除法，选项C符合题意。12. 单选题In the spring of 2010, fiscal austerity became fashionable. I use the term advisedly: the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasnt based on any kind of careful analysis. It was more like a fad, something everyone professed to believe because that was what the in-crowd was saying.And its a fad that has been fading lately, as evidence has accumulated that the lessons of the past remain relevant, that trying to balance budgets in the face of high unemployment and falling inflation is still a really bad idea. Most notably, the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment because it reassures consumers and businesses; but multiple studies of historical record, including one by the International Monetary Fund, have shown that this claim has no basis in reality.No widespread fad ever passes, however, without leaving some fashion victims in its wake. In this case, the victims are the people of Britain, who have the misfortune to be ruled by a government that took office at the height of the austerity fad and wont admit that it was wrong. Britain, like America, is suffering from the aftermath of a housing and debt bubble. Its problems are compounded by Londons role as an international financial center: Britain came to rely on too much on profits from wheeling and dealing to drive its economy-and on financial-industry tax payments to pay for government programs.Over-reliance on the financial industry largely explains why Britain, which came into the crisis with relatively low public debt, has seen its budget deficit soar to 11 percent of GD.P. - slightly worse than the U.S. deficit. And theres no question that Britain will eventually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases. The operative word here should, however, be “eventually.” Fiscal austerity will depress the economy further unless it can be offset by a fall in interest rates. Right now, interest rates in Britain, as in America, are already very low, with little room to fall further. The sensible thing, then, is to devise a plan for putting the nations fiscal house in order, while waiting until a solid economic recovery is under way before wielding the ax.But trendy fashion, almost by definition, isnt sensible-and the British government seems determined to ignore the lessons of history. Both the new British budget announced on Wednesday and the rhetoric that accompanied the announcement might have come straight from the desk of Andrew Mellon, the Treasury secretary who told President Herbert Hoover to fight the Depression by liquidating the farmers, liquidating the workers, and driving down wages. Or if you prefer more British precedents, it echoes the Snowden budget of 1931, which tried to restore confidence but ended up deepening the economic crisis.The British governments plan is bold, say the pundits-and so it is. But it boldly goes in exactly the wrong direction. It would cut government employment by 490,000 workers-the equivalent of almost three million layoffs in the United States-at a time when the private sector is in no position to provide alternative employment. It would slash spending at a time when private demand isnt at all ready to take up the slack. Why is the British government doing this? The real reason has a lot to do with ideology: the Tories are using the deficit as an excuse to downsize the welfare state. But the official rationale is that there is no alternative.What happens now? Maybe Britain will get lucky, and something will come along to rescue the economy. But the best guess is that Britain in 2011 will look like Britain in 1931, or the United States in 1937, or Japan in 1997. That is, premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slump. As always, those who refuse to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.1.The “fiscal austerity” refers to （ ）.2.By saying “the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth”，the author means （ ）.3.What is wrong with the current governments financial policy?4.By mentioning Andrew Mellon, the author implies that （ ）.5.To the author, the practice of fiscal austerity will certainly lead to （ ）.问题1选项A.the consensus among financial advisersB.the reduction in expenditureC.the severe economic recessionD.the high inflation rate问题2选项A.balancing budgets does not help with employmentB.businesses have not improved their operationC.reducing budgets is no longer a fad nowD.falling inflation has given consumers confidence问题3选项A.It cuts financial-industry tax payments.B.It ignores Britains financial situation.C.It has launched Britain into another slump.D.It is made as a response to crises in America.问题4选项A.the American leaders have made the same mistakeB.the Treasury secretary ignored the interests of the farmers and workersC.the British governments budget plan is seriously wrongD.the American leaders give substantial support to their British counterparts问题5选项A.an unexpected recoveryB.improved employmentC.renewed confidenceD.a repeated recession【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasnt based on any kind of careful analysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscal austerity等同于这里的balance budgets。严肃人士之间突然达成的共识是，现在每个人都必须平衡预算，而这种共识并不是基于任何仔细的分析。所以平衡预算需要缩减开支，选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment”，可知自信的神话变成了一种虚构。用来暗示财政紧缩政策并没有帮助经济恢复，而财政赤字实际上能降低失业率，并且在第二段中用大量的事实说明了财政紧缩政策并没带来实际作用。可推断出财政紧缩政策对提高就业率并没有产生帮助。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“And theres no question that Britain will eventually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases.”，可知毫无疑问，英国最终将需要通过削减开支和增加税收来平衡收支。可推断出削减金融业的税收的财政政策是错误的。选项A符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“the British government seems determined to ignore the lessons of history.”，可知英国政府似乎忽视了历史的教训。下文用Andrew Mellon的荒谬政策加深经济危机的例子来进一步说明英国政府的平衡收支计划是错误的，忽视了历史教训。选项C符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slumpthose who refuse to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.”，可知过早的财政紧缩将导致新一轮的经济衰退，拒绝吸取历史教训的人注定要重蹈覆辙。可判断出作者认为财政紧缩的做法肯定会导致经济衰退重蹈覆辙。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题Coffee can be considered one of natures greatest gifts, it gives mental and emotional（1）without harmful side effects, and it （2） a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is （3）their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, （4）some believe coffee isnt good for you at all.Well, coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is （5 ）. Moderate consumption of coffee （6）your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are responsible （7） eliminating free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does, something. A small number of them can help serve （8）a buffer against negative elements, if they arent（9）in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesnt happen.The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be （10）either. Not only does caffeine make you more（11）, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling （12） or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change your （13）. The stack of work that seemed impossible before isnt even a problem now. （14）, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the bodys funct