2022-2023年考博英语-南京艺术学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）第23期

2022-2023年考博英语-南京艺术学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. “Were worried about our teachers and principals, and we really dont want to lose them because of this,” one parent said. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will.Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent（有偿付能力的）They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize its impossible for them to solve this problem.The 22.000-studcnt district discovered the shortage last month, “Its extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman.Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing up a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll（工资单）to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays.District officials also took$ 1.7 million from student-activity accounts in its 38 schools.At Coffmans request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the districts finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.In Frederick, students parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.Some $36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the districts $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper.“We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds. “We have children in the school, and we see how they could be affected.”At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum（论坛）.“Rumors about whats happening to the district are moving at lighting speed.” said a student. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”1.What has happened to the Vrain School District?2.How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?3.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is（ ）.4.Why did Coffman request an investigation?5.Three high School students started a website in order to（ ）.问题1选项A.A huge financial problem has arisen.B.Many schools there are mismanaged.C.Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.D.Many administrative personnel have been laid off问题2选项A.They felt somewhat helpless about it.B.They accused those responsible for it.C.They pooled their efforts to help solve it.D.They demanded a thorough investigation.问题3选项A.unavoidableB.unthinkableC.insolvableD.irreversible问题4选项A.To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.B.To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.C.To make sure that the school principals were innocent.D.To stop the voters approving the $212 million bond issue.问题5选项A.attract greater public attention to their needsB.appeal to the public for contributions and donationsC.expose officials who neglected their dutiesD.keep people properly informed of the crisis【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“Vrain学区发生的事情是”。文章第一段提到“Vrain学区试图去解决因管理不当导致的1380万美金的预算短缺”（In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain School District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement），因此选项A“一个巨大的财政问题”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“Vrain校区的居民应对预算短缺的方式是”。文章第一段提到当地居民正在帮助老师和管理人员（residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators），选项C“帮助一起解决问题”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在财政部长迈克卡夫麦看来，教育预算短缺是”。文章第三段中“这太不寻常了。没有人想到会发生这样的事情”(Its extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level)，因此选项B“不能想象的”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么卡夫麦要求进行调查”。文章第六段提到“他想知道是否地方官员将预算短缺隐瞒”（he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage），因此选项A“想弄清是否对财政问题进行了掩盖”符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“三名高中生建立了一个网站来”。文章最后一段提到“谣言以光速扩散”“我们想知道真相，并把它公之于众”（“Rumors about whats happening to the district are moving at lighting speed.” said a student. “We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”），选项D“让人们知道危机”符合题意。2. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.The most significant change thus far in the earth environment began with the industrial revolution for human civilization. Industry meant coals, and later oil, and we now burn a lot of it, which has polluted our environment, so human civilization is now the dominant cause of the change in the global environment. Yet we resist the truth and find it hard to believe that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the force of the moons gravity on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And if we are now capable of changing something such as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, we seem to be unaware of the fragility of the earths natural system.In fact, I think everyone has a small garden and that is our inner world. Peoples intelligence needs to be developed, so does the inner world. The difference between people and animals, in addition to the many well-known, is also in the inner world. The heart is an important organ; however, the inner world is a landscape. It gradually took shape under the constant influence of the outside world on the heart. Everyone is so concerned about the health of the hearts of their beloved ones as well as his that a slight disease would cause great anxiety. But not everyone is concerned about the inner world of themselves and their beloved ones.【答案】迄今为止，地球环境最重大的变化始于人类文明的工业革命。工业意味着煤，随后是石油，这两者的燃烧污染了环境，因此人类文明是目前造成全球环境变化的主要原因。然而，我们却拒绝承认这个事实，也很难相信我们对地球的影响现在必须用计算月球对海洋的引力或风对山脉的力量的同一标准来衡量。如果我们有能力改变像地球与太阳之间的关系这样重要事物的话，我们必须承认自己有责任合理谨慎使用这些权利。然而，到目前为止，我们似乎没有意识到地球自然系统的脆弱性。实际上，我认为每个人都有一个花园，那就是我们的内心世界。人的才智需要开发，内心世界也一样。人与动物之间的区别，除了众所周知的一些特征，还包括内心世界。心脏是一个重要的器官，然而，内心世界却是一道风景。它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都非常关心他们所爱的人以及他自己的心脏健康，以至于一场轻微的疾病都会引起巨大的焦虑。但并不是每个人都关心自己和爱人的内心世界。3. 翻译题Put the following Iwo passages into Chinese.Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation. It is the function of education, the function of all of the great institutions of learning in the United Stales, to provide continuity for our national life to transmit to youth the best of our culture that has been tested in the fire of history. It is equally the obligation of education to train the minds and the talents of our youth; to improve, through creative citizenship, our American institutions in accord with the requirements of the future. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.Fame is very much like an animal chasing its tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and celebrity that accompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic, isnt it? Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of possessing a single talent or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that is marketed aggressively and gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usually convinces the performer to continue performing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and to enjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way year after year, or the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes or portraits, or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. The demand of the public holds the artist to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to change his or her style of writing or dancing or singing, etc., the audience may turn away and look to confer fame on another and then, in time, on another, and so on and so on.【答案】永恒的真理如果不在新的社会形势下赋予新的意义，它要么就不是真理，要么就不是永恒的。它是教育的功能，是美国所有伟大学府的功能，为我们国家的生活提供延续把我们在历史的烈火中经受住考验的精华文化传给年轻人。教育同样有责任培养我们青年一代的思想和才能；通过创造性的公民身份来改善我们美国的制度，使之符合未来的要求。我们不能为我们青年创造未来，但是我们能针对未来造就我们的青年。名誉很像一只追逐自己尾巴的动物，在抓住之后除了继续追逐外，不知道还有其它什么事可做。随之而来的名望迫使名人参与到他/她自己的毁灭中。很讽刺，不是吗？那些成名的人往往是因为拥有某种才能或技能：唱歌，跳舞，绘画或者写作等。成功的表演者发展成一种风格，在市场上非常受欢迎，正因为受欢迎，表演者继续以同样的风格表演，因为这似乎是公众想要并且所欣赏的。但随着时间的推移，表演者厌倦了年复一年地用同样的方式唱同一首歌，画家厌倦了画同样的场景或者肖像或者演员不想再重复出演同样的角色。公众的需求使艺术家得以成名。如果这个艺术家试图改变他/她的写作、跳舞或者歌唱风格等，观众可能会转身把名誉给另外一个人，然后随着时间的推移再给另一个人，如此反复下去。4. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.While absorbing the outstanding achievements of foreign cultures, we cannot be satisfied with simple imitation. Indulgence in simple imitation would deprive us of creativity so that we will not be able to achieve a new artistic sophistication or present our own excellent works to the world. Simple imitation cannot be equated to new conception at all. The latter is a combination of modem and traditional style, a combination of foreign nations and our own nations characteristics, and a combination of artistic and educational quality.Peace and development are the two main themes of the world today. Maintaining global peace, enhancing friendship and cooperation, and promoting common development are the common aspirations of all peoples. At present, worldwide stability and development are threatened by such serious problems as poverty, unemployment, refugee flows, crimes, population explosion, environmental degradation, drug abuse, and terrorism. Though different in their national conditions, China said western countries share broad common interests on a wide range of major international issues. I am happy to see the improvement and expansion of Chinas relations with them. The Chinese Government and people stand ready to make a contribution to the lofty cause of peace and development together with the governments and peoples of all countries, including those of western countries, on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit.【答案】在吸收外国文化的优秀成果时，我们不能满足于单纯的模仿。沉溺于单纯模仿会让我们失去创造力，致使我们无法达到一个新的艺术程度或向世界展示我们自己的优秀作品。单纯的模仿无法等同于新观念。后者是现代风格与传统风格的结合，是外国特色与本国特色的结合，是艺术素质与教育素质的结合。和平与发展是当今世界的两大主题。维护世界和平、增进友谊与合作、促进共同发展是各国人民的共同愿望。当前，贫困、失业、难民流动、犯罪、人口爆炸、环境恶化、毒品泛滥、恐怖主义等严重问题威胁着世界的稳定和发展。中国表示，尽管西方各国国情不同，但在一系列重大国际问题上有着广泛的共同利益。我很高兴看到中国与他们的关系得到改善与发展。中国政府和人民愿在相互尊重、平等互利的基础上，同包括西方国家在内的各国政府和人民一道，为和平与发展的崇高事业做出贡献。5. 单选题There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable. A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps; and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist, if men were all good, this precept would not be good; but as they are bad; and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfillment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.1.The author of the passage does not believe that（ ）.2.The lion represents those who are（ ）.3.The fox, in this passage, is（ ）.4.The writer suggests that a successful leader must（ ）.5.The writer would approve an unsuccessful political candidate（ ）.问题1选项A.people can protect themselvesB.the truth makes men freeC.leaders have to be consistentD.princes ate human问题2选项A.toil trustingB.strong and carefulC.reliant on forceD.lacking in intelligence问题3选项A.admired for his trickeryB.no match for the lionC.pitied for his trickD.considered worthless问题4选项A.be prudent and faithfulB.cheat and lieC.have principle to guide his actionsD.tell the people the truth about his opponent问题5选项A.gave up all his opportunitiesB.promised to try again next timeC.overthrew the government by forceD.told the people the truth about his opponent【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者不认为”。文章提到有两种方式来战斗，一是法律，即文斗，一是暴力，即武斗。并且用狐狸来比喻文斗，狮子比喻武斗，而一个成功的王子必须在这两种方法中自由切换，但是并没有提及到“吃人”，因此选项D“王子吃人”的说法是错误的，符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“狮子代表的是哪类人”。文章提到“王子应该学会像野兽一样管理国家，要模仿狐狸和狮子，因为狮子无法避免陷阱，而狐狸无法从狼群中脱身”（A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps; and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves），狮子代表的是力量，即武斗，因此选项C“依赖武力”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章中狐狸是”。文章提到管理者必须要学会文斗与武斗，狐狸代表的是文斗，可知作者对狐狸是赞赏的，因此选项A“因它的计谋而受到赞赏”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示一个成功的统治者应该”。文章提到“当守诚信会让自己的利益受损时，精明的统治者可以不讲诚信”（Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest），因此选项B“欺骗与撒谎”符合题意。5.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者会赞成一个失败的政治候选人”。文章提到“当文斗行不通的时候，人们会选择第二种方式，即武斗”（but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second），选项C“用武力推翻政府”符合题意。6. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.The Olympic Games can be traced back to the ancient times. The Greeks liked all kinds of sports, because sports made the body strong. The games were held every four years and hundreds of thousands of people gathered on vast flatlands to appreciate the competition between athletes from all parts of Greece. The events included running, wrestling, and horse races. There were events for both adults and children. In most of the games, adults and children wore little or no clothing. Instead, oil was spread over the body. The trophy was a laurel made of olive leaves. It was the greatest honor to be crowned with a laurel.Hard work enables me to survive the most difficult time in my life abroad, during my first few employments. However, after I joined my current company, my workaholic was soon challenged by my boss. When I called him at home after office hours for business purpose, he politely reminded me that he preferred talking about work with me later in the office. When the holiday season approached, he always asked me to schedule my leave beforehand. He talked with me about his holiday and also enquired about mine. For him leave is the right, but also a need.【答案】奥运会可以追溯到古代。希腊人喜欢运动，因为运动能让身体强壮。奥运会每四年一次，成千上万的人聚集在广阔的平地上来观看希腊各地运动员之间的比赛。比赛项目包括跑步、摔跤和赛马。成人和儿童的项目都有。在大部分比赛中，成人和儿童穿得很少或者不穿衣服，全身擦满油。奖杯是用橄榄叶做成的桂冠。被授予桂冠是最高的荣誉。在我最初的几次工作中，努力工作让我度过了在国外生活的最困难时期。然而，在我加入现在的公司后，我的工作狂行为受到了自己老板的挑战。每当我下班后跟他打电话谈论工作时，他礼貌地提醒我他更愿意在上班时间跟我讨论。临近假期时，他总是让我提前安排假期。他经常和我谈论他的假期，也打听我的假期。对于他来说，放假是一种权利，也是一种必要。7. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless tress, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow!Now we are all living in modem time. As the society has developed, euthanasia （安乐死）or mercy killing has returned to the worlds home page. Many reports about relevant cases and results of scholarly research often appear on the front page of the newspapers. Euthanasia is sometimes called mercy killing, doctors-assisted suicide or painless death. It is usually understood as a merciful act to relieve a terminally-ill patients unbearable physical pain. While the majority of society seems to favor this supposedly humanitarian practice, it still could take decades for the countrys legislative and judicial departments to deal with the highly controversial issue: No specific law of rule governs euthanasia as such in China, but the act fits the vague concept of “intentional killing” in the Criminal Code. Yet the voices calling for legislation on euthanasia have become louder in recent years.【答案】第一场雪来了。多么美啊！它整日整夜静静地飘着，落在山岭上，落在草地里，落在世人的屋顶上，落在死者的坟墓上！一片白茫茫中，只有河流在美丽的画面上划出了一道弯弯曲曲的黑线；树叶掉光了的老鼠，映衬着灰色的天空，枝丫交错，更显风姿。下雪的时候，一切多么安静啊！如今我们都生活在现代社会。随着社会的发展，安乐死或者怜悯致死术已经成为世界的关注点。许多相关案例和学术研究结果的报道经常出现在报纸的头版。安乐死有时被称为怜悯致死术、医生协助自杀或叫做无痛死亡。它通常被理解为一种仁慈的行为，用来减轻绝症病人无法忍受的疼痛。虽然大部分人似乎支持这种所谓的人道主义行为，但是对于一个国家的立法和司法部门来说，这是颇具争议的，起码需要数十年来解决这个问题。比如中国就没有专门的法律来管理安乐死，但是安乐死符合其刑法里的“故意杀人”这一模糊的概念。然而，今年来要求立法安乐死的呼声越来越高。8. 单选题Television is one of todays most powerful and widespread means of mass communication. It directly influences our lives on both a short and long term basis; it brings worldwide situations into our homes; it affords extensive opportunities for acquiring higher education; and it performs these tasks in a convenient yet effective manner. We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting.Television, however, has also been a vital link in unmanned deep space exploration (such as the Voyager I and II missions) in providing visions from hazardous areas (such as proximity to radioactive materials or environments) in underwater research, in viewing storms moving across a metropolitan area (the camera being placed in a weather protective enclosure near the top of a tower), etc. The earths weather satellites also use television cameras for viewing cloud cover and movements from 20.000 miles in space. Infrared filters are used for night views, and several systems include a spinning mirror arrangement to permit wide area views from the camera. Realizing the unlimited applications for todays television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field.Conventional television broadcasting within the United States centers around free enterprise and public ownership. This requires funding by commercial sponsors, and thus functions in a revenue producing business manner. Television in USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement. While such arrangements eliminate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these g