2022-2023年考博英语-河北农业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第9期

2022-2023年考博英语-河北农业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题He had been ill for months, and we were disturbed by his _ complexion.问题1选项A.darkB.sallowC.fairD.white【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dark“黑暗的；深色的”；B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”；C选项fair“白皙的”；D选项white“白色的”。句意：他病了好几个月了，我们为他_而不安。根据语境，这里指生病许久，身体应该是虚弱的，B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Seldom _ any mistakes during my past five years of service here.问题1选项A.did I makeB.should I makeC.I would makeD.would I make【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：在服务这里的过去五年里，我很少出错。句首为半否定的词语用部分倒装，根据动词短语make mistakes确定用助动词，根据past five years确定用过去时态，所以A选项did I make符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题Weve tested ten types of material, _is completely waterproof.问题1选项A.no of whichB.none of whichC.some of thatD.neither of which【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。B项none of which指“三者或三者以上都不”，符合题意；A项no of which没有这种说法；C项，引导定语从句时that不能用在介词后。D项neither of which指“两者都不”。句意：我们已经测试了十种材料，没有一种是完全防水的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。4. 单选题While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_.问题1选项A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking【答案】C【解析】考查宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系。此句中的had为使役动词，其后的宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的动宾关系，根据英语语法，此处应用过去分词。本句句意：他在爬那座高山时，摔断了腿。5. 单选题The oldest living things on Earth are trees. Some of Californias sequoias have for four thousand years looked down on the changes in the landscape and the comings and goings of humans. They sprouted from tiny seeds about the time the Egyptian pyramids were being built. Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountain cliffs on which they grow, like cathedral columns holding up the sky. It is hard to imagine them playing any part in the lives of mere humans or being in any way affected by the creatures that pass at their feet.Lesser trees, however, have played an intimate role in the lives of people since they first appeared on Earth. Trees fed the fires that warmed humans: they provided shelter, food and medicine and even clothing. They also shaped peoples spiritual horizons. Trees expressed the grandeur and mystery of life, as they moved through the cycle of seasons, from life to death and back to life again. Trees were the largest living things around humans and they knew that some trees had been standing on the same spot in their parents and grandparents time, and would continue to stand long after they were gone. No wonder these trees became symbols of strength, fruitfulness, and everlasting life.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way in which people have used trees?3. The underlined phrase “giant patriarchs” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?4. The underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to which of the following?5. The author implies that, compared with sequoias, other trees have _.问题1选项A.Trees grow to great heights.B.Trees have been important to people throughout history.C.Trees make humans seem superior.D.Trees that grow in California are very old.问题2选项A.For furniture.B.For fuel.C.For housing.D.For nourishment.问题3选项A.tiny seedsB.important leadersC.towering treesD.Egyptian pyramids问题4选项A.TreesB.Grandeur and mysteryC.SeasonsD.Peoples spiritual horizons问题5选项A.been in existence longerB.adapted more readily to their environmentsC.been affected more by animalsD.had a closer relationship with people【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章讲了树木在历史的发展，点出树木对人的作用，所以B选项“纵观历史，树木对人类很重要”正确。A选项“树长得很高”和D选项“生长在加州的树很古老”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。C选项“树让人看起来更优越”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Trees fed the fires that warmed humans: they provided shelter, food and medicine and even clothing.（树木为人类提供了温暖的炉火：它们提供了住所、食物、药品甚至衣服。），所以这里提到了B选项“作为燃料”，C选项“建房子”和D选项“吸收其营养”，没有提到A选项“做成家具”。因此A选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第一段第三、四句They sprouted from tiny seeds about the time the Egyptian pyramids were being built. Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountain cliffs on which they grow, like cathedral columns holding up the sky.（大约在建造埃及金字塔的时候，它们从微小的种子中发芽。今天，这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近，就像支撑天空的大教堂柱子。），可知这些“巨大的家长”生长在岩石和悬崖上，就像大教堂柱子一样高，所以C选项“高耸的树木”正确，A选项“小小的种子”和D选项“埃及金字塔”错误。B选项“重要的领袖”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第二段第四句Trees expressed the grandeur and mystery of life, as they moved through the cycle of seasons, from life to death and back to life again.（树木表现了生命的宏伟和神秘，因为它们在季节的循环中移动，从生到死，再回到生命。），可知“它们”指的是A选项“树木”，B选项“宏伟和神秘”和C选项“四季”错误。D选项“人们的精神视野”：根据第二段第三句They also shaped peoples spiritual horizons.（它们还塑造了人们的精神视野。），这里的“它们”也指树木，故错误。因此A选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第一、二句Today these giant patriarchs seem as remote and inaccessible as the rocks and mountain cliffs on which they growIt is hard to imagine them playing any part in the lives of mere humans or being in any way affected by the creatures that pass at their feet.（今天，这些巨大的创始者就像它们生长的岩石和悬崖一样遥远和难以接近很难想象他们会在人类的生活中扮演任何角色，或者受到他们脚下的生物的任何影响。），可知相比于红杉树，其他树木更贴近人类生活，所以D选项“与人有更密切的关系”正确。A选项“存在更久”，B选项“更容易适应环境”和C选项“更容易受到动物的影响”文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。6. 翻译题要想在这个高速发展的社会立足，你必须学会如何处理压力问题。首先，你要重新定位你的生活需求，你真的需要那些如时装或者新车的奢侈品吗？如果你学会了对现有的生活满足，你也许就不会想要再找份工作或者不会在办公室度过周末。其次，定期锻炼身体有益于减压。不管你多忙，都要找时间锻炼，最好是和家人和孩子一起。第三，你应该学会放松。如果你停下去闻闻路边的玫瑰花香，世界不会因此而停止转动。【答案】You have to learn how to deal with stress for possessing a foothold in a society with rapid development. Firstly, you should readjust demand for life. Do you really need luxury goods such as fashionable dress and new car? If you learn to be satisfied with current life, maybe you do not want to get another job or spend your weekends in the office. Next, regular exercise is beneficial to relaxing the pressure. No matter how busy you are, you should take time to exercise, preferably with your family and children. Thirdly, you should learn to relax. If you stop your step to enjoy the smell of roses by the side of the road, the world wont stop turning.7. 单选题_ nature means all living plants and animals.问题1选项A.ScientificB.AnimateC.GoodD.Large【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项Scientific“科学的”；B选项Animate“有生命的”；C选项Good“良好的”；D选项Large“大量的；广泛的”。句意：_的物种是指所有有生命的动植物。根据语境，B选项Animate“有生命的”比较符合语境，这里是在解释有生命的物种是什么，符合题意。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题A mysterious black cloud approaches the earthour planets weather is severely affected.Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British Isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark. People complained, but there was no serious disaster.The death number in the U. S. remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months. Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred.Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics as may be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of Man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellars he was able to dig. Nothing could be done to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives.Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperature, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity. It was indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from day to day. All human movement ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Suns radiation back into space. But conditions could not be said to have improved. W arm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to Man and many other animals.1. In the British Isles the temperature _.2. Few people in the United States lost their lives because _.3. Millions of people in Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere because _.4. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that _.5. The insect population increased due to _.问题1选项A.stayed at eightyB.ranged from eighty to ninetyC.approached one hundredD.exceeded the hundred mark问题2选项A.the temperature was tolerableB.people remained indoors for weeksC.the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperatureD.people were provided with the most comfortable air-conditioners问题3选项A.the temperature grew extremely hotB.the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increasedC.their conditions were too dangerousD.nothing could be done with the hot temperature问题4选项A.human survival would be impossibleB.more and more people would lose their livesC.fewer people could be savedD.survival or death was still undecided问题5选项A.the hot airB.the tropical climateC.the rain cloudsD.the damp atmosphere【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句In the British Isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark.（在不列颠群岛，温度从80度上升到90度，并接近100度。），可知不列颠群岛的温度快接近100度，故C选项“接近100”正确。A选项“保持在80度”，B选项“从80上升到90度”和D选项“超过100度”错误。因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句The death number in the U. S. remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and months.（美国的死亡人数仍然很少，这在很大程度上要归功于前几年和前几个月安装的空调设备。），可知，在美国很少人因为高温而丧生得益于空调，故D选项“人们装有最舒适的空调”正确。A选项“温度还可以忍受”和B选项“人们在室内待了几个星期”：根据第三段第二句Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end.（全国各地气温上升到人类承受能力的极限，人们被迫连续数周待在室内。），可知这气温已超出承受范围，故A选项错误，并且因为气温太高人们不得不待在室内，这是高温带来的影响而非只有少数人死亡的原因，故B选项错误。C选项“政府已经采取了有效的措施来降低高温”：文章没有提到政府做了什么，故错误。因此D选项正确。3.实细节题。根据第五段第一句Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea roseto produce a dangerous increase of humidity.（最终，海水表层的温度上升了致命的湿度增加。）和第三句grew damper and hotter from day to day（天气一天比一天潮湿和炎热），可知是海水温度和湿度增加影响的开罗和好望角地区，故B选项“随着海洋表层海水湿度的增加，温度变得更潮湿、更热”正确，A选项“温度变得非常热”中仅仅因为温度变化不至于造成这样的结果。C选项“他们的条件太危险了”：这是对这情况的描述而非原因，故错误。D选项“他们对高温无计可施”：根据第四段第二句The survival of Man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellars he was able to dig.（人类之所以能活下来，完全是因为挖到了洞穴和地窖。），可知人类运用了一些对策面对高温，故错误。因此B选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第六段By the fourth week of JulyThe temperature declined a littleBut conditions could not be said to have improvedas it was unfavorable to Man and many other animals.（到了七月的第四个星期温度降低了一点但不能说情况有所改善就像对人类和许多其他动物不利一样），可知对人类来说，气温的威胁降低了，可是其他的危险同时出现，人类安全与否仍然未知，故D选项“生死仍未定”正确。A选项“人类将不可能存活”，B选项“越来越多的人将失去生命”和C选项“更少的人可以被拯救”与句意不符，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.事实细节题。根据第六段最后一句The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere（昆虫的数量急剧增加，因为灼热的大气对它们有利），可知昆虫因为灼热的大气而增加，故A选项“灼热的大气”正确。B选项“热带气候”C选项“云雨天气”和D选项“潮湿的空气”：文章没有说这些因素和昆虫数量增多的关系，故错误。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Some materials will conduct heat better than others. These materials are said _good conductors.问题1选项A.to beB.areC.having beenD.being【答案】A【解析】考查动词用法。said后接不定式，said to be“被认为”。句意：有些材料导热比其他材料好，这些材料被叫作热的良导体。所以选A。10. 单选题Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She_. Ive already borrowed one.问题1选项A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。A项“不能”；B项“禁止”；C项“不必”；D项“不应该”。句意：露西不介意把她的词典借给你。不必了，我已经借到了一本。只有C项符合。11. 单选题From her conversation I _ that she had a large family.问题1选项A.estimatedB.suspectedC.predictedD.deduced【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项estimated“（对数量、成本等的）估计”；B选项suspected“怀疑；觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）”；C选项predicted“预言”；D选项deduced“推断”。句意：从和她的谈话中我_她有一个大家庭。根据语境，通过谈话得出她有一个大家庭，谈话中得出信息和事实，deduced“推断”符合题意。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题Birds that are literally half-asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepcontrol which side of the brain remains awake. According to a new study of seeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half-brain seep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the seeping hemisphere keeps shut. While the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep rather than total relaxation. More often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain.” the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds doing side-by-side in the 200 and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open. Useful as half- seeping might be, its only been found in birds and such water mammals as dolphins. Whales and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a seeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning. Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg”. He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds sleep has revealed that （ ）.2. According to the passage, birds often half sleep because （ ）.3. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that （ ）.4. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half wake in order to （ ）.5. By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2. Para. 8). Siegel suggests that （ ）.问题1选项A.half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birdsB.half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC.birds can control their half brain sleep consciouslyD.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest问题2选项A.they have to watch out for possible attacksB.their brain hemispheres take turns to restC.the two halves of their brain are differently structuredD.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions问题3选项A.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB.birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC.even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of securityD.a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror问题4选项A.alert themselves to the approaching enemyB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.be sensitive to the ever-changing environmentD.avoid being swept away by rapid currents问题5选项A.half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB.the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedC.most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD.half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目要求我们选出最新的研究成果。定位到文章第一段Birds that are literally half asleepcontrol which side of the brain remains awake according to a new study of sleeping ducks（根据对一群睡眠中的鸭子的最新研究，处于半梦半醒之间的鸟能控制任何一侧的大脑，使其保持清醒状态）由此可知，C项“鸟类可以有意识地控制半脑睡眠”是最新的研究结论。而A“多种鸟类都有半脑睡眠”，B“半脑睡眠的特点是脑电波缓慢”，D“鸟类很少在睡觉时整个大脑都处于休息状态”三项中提到的内容在第二段Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds（早期的研究记录了很多鸟类的半脑睡眠），都不是最新的研究结果，而是早期的研究所以都应一一排除。2.细节事实与推断题。定位到文章第三段开头Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable end-of-the-row sleepers.（数十年来对鸟群的研究使研究人员预测，在更易受伤害的睡眠者中，会有额外的警觉性）以及第六段第一句The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that single hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies（这些结果为长期以来的假设提供了最好的证据，即单半球睡眠是随着生物扫描敌人而演变而来的）。所以根据文段信息，选A“他们必须提防可能的袭击”。B项“他们的大脑半球轮流休息”，C项“他们大脑的两部分结构不同”，D项“他们必须时刻注意他们的同伴”，均不符合原文事实。3.判断推理题。题目问鸟儿在镜子前面睡觉的例子表明了什么。根据文章第六段The mirror-side eye closed as the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open(一只鸟儿靠着镜子睡觉。那只鸟对着镜子的那只眼睛是闭着的，仿佛镜中的影像是它的同伴，而它的另外一只眼则是睁开的)，因此，C项“即使是一个想象中的伴侣也能给鸟一种安全感”与文中所提及的内容一致。A项“鸟儿成双成对打瞌睡的现象很普遍”和B项“为了安全起见，鸟儿喜欢成对睡觉”中的in pairs是对原文中的误读，鸟儿喜欢结群，但文章并未提及是成双成对睡觉。文中提到的一对鸟以及镜子前的一只鸟睡觉的情形，旨在说明鸟儿“一半清醒一半睡眠”的现象，不是一般情形；D项“一只宠物鸟喜欢在镜子里看到自己的倒影”中的enjoy属于无中生有的说法。4. 细节事实题。问题：在睡觉时，一些水哺乳动物趋向于半睡不醒，以便定位到文章第七段第二句 Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a seeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.（也许让大脑的一侧保持清醒，可以让熟睡的动物偶尔浮出水面，以免淹死），可知答案为B项“不时地从水里出来呼吸”。A项“警惕逼近的敌人”，C“对不断变化的环境保持敏感”，D项“避免被急流冲走”，均属于无中生有。5.判断推理题。题干中the tip of the iceberg的意思是冰山一角；从最后一句He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.（他推测，当我们仔细研究其他物种时，可能会出现更多的例子），所以D项“半脑睡眠是一种可能存在于其他物种中的现象”符合题意。A项“半脑睡眠与寒冷的天气有关”，B项“半脑睡眠之谜即将解开”，C项“大多数生活在寒冷地区的鸟都是半睡半醒的”，均是对句意的曲解。13. 单选题His family had almost forgotten _ like.问题1选项A.how his face wasB.which was his faceC.what his face wasD.that his face was【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他的家人几乎已经忘记了他长的什么样子。根据句型it is like，得出C选项what his face was符合题意。因此C选项正确。14. 单选题During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to _ for the stress that you have applied.问题1选项A.commenceB.compromiseC.compensateD.compliment【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项commence“开始；着手”；B选项compromise“妥协；折中”；C选项compensate“补偿；抵消”；D选项compliment“恭维；问候”。句意：在恢复期，这些系统建立到更高的水平来_你施加的压力。根据语境，C选项compensate“抵消”搭配stress“压力”比较合理，意思指系统因为水平提升，从而可以抵消压力。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题The doctor enjoyed both his work and his life. He had never felt any _ between these two things.问题1选项A.conflictB.constrictC.constructD.constraint【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conflict“矛盾心态；（信念、观点、利益之间的）冲突”；B选项constrict“约束；收缩”；C选项construct“建造；构造”；D选项constraint“限制；约束”。句意：这位医生热爱他的工作和生活。在这两件事之间，他从未感觉到任何_。根据语境，同时热爱工作和生活，表明这两者没有矛盾，conflict“矛盾心态；（信念、观点、利益之间的）冲突”符合题意。因此A选项正确。16. 单选题A young couple emigrated some time ago from Greece to England and was invited to become a member of a local club. After a few weeks, many Englishwomen felt that the behaviors of the Greek make seemed like a come on that make them feel uncomfortable! At the same time many Englishmen felt that the Greek female is too forward in showing that she is sexually available!In fact nothing of the sort was happening and the whole misunderstanding was caused by the different “intimacy zones” between people of different cultu